76. Frank Goldsmith, Echoes in the Night (Titanic Historical Society, 1991), 49–50.
77. Woolner, Senate inquiry.
78. Derek Wilson, The Astors (1993), 207.
79. Emily Ryerson, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 16.
80. Lightoller, Titanic, 244.
81. Lucas, Mersey inquiry, Q 1817.
82. Ibid., QQ 1785–87.
83. Hardy, Senate inquiry.
84. Woolner, Senate inquiry.
85. Lightoller, Titanic, 245.
86. Michael Davie, The “Titanic”: The Full Story of a Tragedy (1986), 55.
87. Lightoller, Titanic, 246.
88. Beesley, Titanic, 64–65.
89. Duff Gordon, Discretions, 156.
90. Abelseth, Senate inquiry.
91. Lightoller, Titanic, 247–48.
92. “Sticks to Titanic Till Last Minute, Continued,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 26, 1912, 3.
93. Gracie, Truth About Titanic, 67.
94. “Frenchmen’s Account,” Times (London); “Heard Death Chorus,” New York Times.
95. “Wreck of the Titanic,” St. Ives Times, 4.
96. “Titanic Disaster—Hayle Man’s Narrative,” St. Ives Times, May 3, 1912.
97. John B. Thayer, The Sinking of the SS Titanic (1940), 348–49.
98. Lowe, Senate inquiry.
99. Pitman, Senate inquiry.
100. Thomas Jones, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 7.
101. “Countess Rothes Brave,” New York Times, April 20, 1912.
102. “Mrs. E. W. Bucknell,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 2.
103. George Hogg, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 7.
104. White, Senate inquiry.
105. Butler, Unsinkable, 147–48.
106. Kristen Iversen, Molly Brown (1999), 25, 27.
107. Gracie, Truth About Titanic, 132–34.
108. Abelseth, Senate inquiry.
109. Sir James Bisset, Tramps and Ladies, 229.
110. Woolner, Senate inquiry.
111. Scarrott, Mersey inquiry, Q 361.
112. Sir Arthur Rostron, Home from the Sea, 67–69, 74.
Chapter 11: The Meaning Shows in the
Defeated Thing
1. Theodore Dreiser, Traveler at Forty, 519–23; Jerome Loving, The Last Titan: A Life of Theodore Dreiser (2005), 215–16.
2. C. W. Bennett, consular dispatch 17, April 19, 1912, NA FO 369/522.
3. Philip Franklin, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 3.
4. “Officer Concedes Big Loss of Life,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 16, 1912, 5.
5. “Titanic Sinking” and “A Floating Palace,” Globe (London), April 15, 1912, 5.
6. “Sleeping Passengers,” Globe (London), April 16, 1912, 4.
7. “The Lost Titanic,” Globe (London), April 16, 1912, 6.
8. Stephanie Barczewski, Titanic: A Night Remembered (2004), 221.
9. Shan F. Bullock, Thomas Andrews (1912), 44.
10. Jean Strouse, Morgan: American Financier (1999), 643.
11. “Un Désastre,” Le Matin, April 16, 1912, 3.
12. “Consternation in Paris,” Leicester Daily Post, April 17, 1912, 5; “Titanic Disaster,” Daily Telegraph, April 18, 1912, 17.
13. “Three Italians Shot,” Cornishman, April 25, 1912, 3.
14. John B. Thayer, The Sinking of the SS Titanic (1940), 356.
15. “Rayner Puts Blame on Bruce Ismay,” New York Times, April 20, 1912.
16. “President Taft Stunned,” New York Times, April 16, 1912.
17. “Newspaper Men All Mourn Maj. ‘Archie’ Butt,” Washington Herald, April 19, 1912.
18. Henry Adams, The Letters of Henry Adams, ed. J. C. Levenson and others, 6:535, 536, 538.
19. “Titanic’s Sinking Comes as Shock to Philadelphia,” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 16, 1912, 3.
20. “Reading Inquirer’s Bulletins of Titanic’s Sinking,” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 17, 1912, 5.
21. “6 Philadelphians Unaccounted For,” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 17, 1912, 3.
22. “Stop Press—The Titanic Sunk,” Liverpool Daily Post, April 16, 1912, 14.
23. “A Shock to Liverpool,” Liverpool Daily Post, April 17, 1912, 7.
24. “Titanic Collides with Iceberg in Mid-Ocean,” Southern Daily Echo, April 15, 1912, 2.
25. “Reception of the News at Southampton,” Southern Daily Echo, April 16, 1912, 2.
26. “Stricken Southampton,” Southern Daily Echo, April 17, 1912, 2; “Southampton Mourning,” Daily Telegraph, April 17, 1912, 14.
27. Untitled editorial, Western Morning News, April 18, 1912.
28. “Homes of Despair,” Daily Mail, April 19, 1912, 8.
29. Walter Lord, The Night Lives On (1986), 13.
30. “1,500 Perish When Titanic Goes to Bottom,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 16, 1912, 1.
31. “Amazing Scenes in New York,” Southern Daily Echo, April 16, 1912, 3.
32. “Overcome by Good News,” New York Times, April 17, 1912, 1, 3.
33. “Hope Vanishes for Safety of Titanic’s Missing Passengers,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 17, 1912, 1.
34. Sid Blake, “The Titanic Disaster: How Brave Cornishmen Died,” Cornishman, May 2, 1912, 4; Sid Blake, “The Titanic Disaster: Cornishmen Who Died Like Heroes,” Hayle Mail, May 2, 1912, 5.
35. “Painful Scenes in New York,” Daily Telegraph, April 17, 1912, 11.
36. “Haggard Throngs Battle for News,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 18, 1912, 3.
37. Leila Salloum Elias, “The Impact of the Sinking of the Titanic on the New York Syrian Community of 1912,” Arab Studies Quarterly (Winter–Spring 2005).
38. “Grief Stricken Crowd Storm the Office and Beg for News,” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 19, 1912, 9.
39. “The Titanic Catastrophe,” Leicester Daily Post, April 17, 1912, 5.
40. Courtenay Bennett, telegram, April 16, 1912, NA FO 369/522.
41. “Waiting for News,” Daily Telegraph, April 17, 1912, 12.
42. Diary of Earl Winterton, April 16, 1912, Winterton Papers 11, Bodleian Library, Oxford.
43. Arnold Bennett, The Journals of Arnold Bennett 1911–1921 (1932), 48.
44. “At the London Office a Weary Vigil,” Daily Telegraph, April 18, 1912, 14.
45. Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, My Diaries 1888–1914 (1920), 2:800.
46. Susan Lowndes, Diaries and Letters of Marie Belloc Lowndes 1911–1947 (1971), 31.
47. “The Monster Ship,” Economist, April 20, 1912, 836.
48. Senator Porter McCumber, Congressional Record, April 19, 1912, 5306–8.
49. “Chinese Would Save Men Before Women,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 17, 1912, 5.
50. “Earl Beauchamp on Heroism,” Worcester Daily Times, April 20, 1912.
51. Sir Martin Gilbert, ed., Winston S. Churchill, Companion Volume 2, part 3 (1969), 1542.
52. “Vessel of Mercy Arrives with Titanic Survivors,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 19, 1912, 7.
53. Wyn Craig Wade, The Titanic: End of a Dream (1980), 50.
54. Henry Arthur Jones, “Arrival Scenes on New York Pier,” Daily Telegraph, April 20, 1912, 15.
55. Homer J. Wheaton, “Gazette Man on Carpathia’s Pier,” Worcester Evening Gazette, April 19, 1912.
56. “Joy and Sadness Come with News,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 20, 1912, 1–2.
57. “Remains in Hope Husband Is Saved,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 20, 1912, 2.
58. “Special Trains Wait,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, April 19, 1912, 7.
59. “All Churches Pay Tribute to Dead of Lost Titanic,” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 22, 1912, 2.
60. “Mrs. Thayer Felled Sailor, Says Friend,” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 23, 1912, 2.
61. Blake, “The Titanic Disaster.”
62. Diary of Margot Asquith, April 20, 1912, Oxford and Asquith Papers, Bodleian Library, Eng d 3209, ff 136–37; Colin Clifford, The Asquiths (2002), 194.
6
3. Lord Bonham-Carter and Mark Pottle, eds., Lantern Slides: The Diaries and Letters of Violet Bonham Carter 1904–1914 (1996), 312–13.
64. Photographs of the Bournemouth sand models are in the National Archives, London, reference NA COPY/1/566/70.
65. Clément Vautel, “Propos d’un Parisien,” Le Matin, April 20, 1912, 1.
66. “All Due to Greed, Says Parkhurst,” New York Times, April 22, 1912, 4.
67. “Southampton’s Great Sorrow,” Southern Daily Echo, April 23, 1912, 2.
68. Alfred Mitchell-Innes, dispatch 128, May 1, 1912, NA FO 369/522.
69. Imanita Shelley, testimony to Senate inquiry, day 18.
70. “Mr. Wallace Hartley,” Colne and Nelson Times, May 24, 1912, 4.
71. “Funeral of Mr. Wallace Hartley,” Colne and Nelson Times, May 24, 1912, 7.
72. “Colonel Gracie Dies, Haunted by Titanic,” New York Times, December 5, 1912; Archibald Gracie, The Truth About the Titanic (1913), 250.
73. “Oh! The Crime of It!,” Philadelphia Inquirer, April 20, 1912, 8.
Index
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Abbott, Eugene, 168–69, 248
Abbott, Rhoda, 168–69, 247–48, 249
Abbott, Rossmore, 168–69, 248
Abbott, Stanton, 168
Abelseth, Karen, 165, 214
Abelseth, Olaus “Ole,” 164–65, 213–14, 238, 249, 256, 295
Abi Saab, Shawnee “Shawneene,” 165–66
Abrahim/Abraham, Mary, 165
Adamic, Louis, 161
Adams, Henry, 267–68
Adriatic (White Star Line), 38, 187, 188, 199, 301
Aks, Frank Philip “Filly,” 180
Aks, Leah, 179–80
Algerine (White Star chartered ship): search for bodies by, 298
Allan Steamship line, 261
Allison, Lorraine, 290
Allison, Trevor, 283
American Ship Lines, 144
Amerika (German liner), 52, 58, 108, 200, 201
Anderson, Harry, 98
Andersson, Erna, 159, 242
Andrew, Frank, 153–54
Andrews, Charles, 188
Andrews, Thomas, 50–52, 55, 61, 196, 208, 209
Appleton, Charlotte Lamson, 117, 242, 283
Aquitania (Cunard ship), 33, 52, 53, 156
Arabic (White Star Line), 38, 299
Armenians: as passengers on Titanic, 24, 157, 170, 176–78. See also Eastern/Middle Europeans
Ash, Timothy Garton, 7
Ashburton, Lord, 277
Asplund, Carl, 160–61, 231
Asplund, Carl (son), 161, 231
Asplund, Felix, 161, 231
Asplund, Filip, 161, 231
Asplund, Gustaf, 161, 231
Asplund, Lillian, 156, 161, 231, 304, 305
Asplund, Selma, 161, 304, 305
Asquith, Elizabeth, 289
Asquith, Herbert Henry, 289
Asquith, Margot, 289
Asquith, Violet, 289–90
Assaf, Mariona, 172
Astor, Ava Willing, 84
Astor, Caroline, 272
Astor, John Jacob IV “Jack”: and activities on Titanic, 110; appearance of, 17, 83–84; cars of, 28, 84; Cherbourg boarding of, 23; and claims against White Star Line, 300; contents of pockets of corpse of, 11–12; death of, 247, 265, 273, 278; dog of, 98, 241; heroism of, 270–71; lifestyle of, 84–85; loading of lifeboats and, 223–24, 240, 241, 245; marriages of, 84, 85–86; as New York City developer, 85; newspaper reports about, 265; personality of, 84; reactions to collision by, 212, 216–17; retinue of, 86; shipboard acquaintances of, 87; as slum landlord, 85; social class issues and, 83–84, 85–86, 243
Astor, Madeleine Force, 85–86, 87, 110, 216, 217, 239, 240, 258, 265, 283
Astor, Nancy, 278
Astor, Vincent, 272–73, 283
Atlantic Daily Bulletin (Titanic magazine), 198
Atlantic Transport Company, 46, 47
Aubart, Léontine, 90, 232
Backström, Maria, 242
Baclini, Eugenie, 301
Baclini, Latifa, 166
Bacon, Robert, 75
Bailey, Percy, 149–51, 288
Baker, George, 113, 114
Balkic, Kerim, 157
Ball, Ada, 141
Ballin, Albert, 46, 52
Baltic (White Star liner), 114, 186, 200, 201, 282
Banfield, Frederick, 152
bankers: public perceptions of, 32, 42
Barkworth, Algernon, 29, 250, 303
Barnes, Bertha, 111–12
Bateman, Robert, 141
Baumann, John, 81
Baxter, “Diamond Jim,” 78–79, 94
Baxter, Hélène, 78–79, 94, 227, 255, 295
Baxter, Quigg, 79, 227, 295
Bazzani, Albina, 110, 216
Beattie, Thomson, 300–301
Beauchamp, George, 208
Becker, Charles, 282
Becker, Luther, 142
Becker, Nellie, 142, 284
Becker, Richard, 142
Becker, Ruth, 284
Beckwith, Richard, 225–26
Beckwith, Sallie, 225–26
Beesley, Lawrence, 21, 24, 31, 135–36, 137, 138, 211, 236, 247, 303
Behr, Karl, 226
Belknap, Troy, 95–96, 97
Bell, Gertrude, 171
Belmont, Oliver, 84–85
Bennett, Arnold, 122–23, 167, 189, 278
Bennett, Sir Courtenay, 277
Bentham, Lillian, 147
Berenson, Bernard, 16, 76–77, 94–95
Berlin (Norddeutscher-Lloyd ship), 99
Berriman, William, 151
Berriman’s Hotel (Southampton, England), 148
Bertram, John, 177
Bidois, Rosalie, 86
binoculars, lack of, 184
Bird, Ellen, 91, 232
Birnbaum, Jakob, 81, 92
Bishop, Dickinson, 29, 86, 212, 224–25, 293
Bishop, Helen, 86, 97–98, 225
Bishop, Walter, 208, 275
Bismarck (Hamburg-Amerika ship), 33
Bisset, James, 65, 190, 256
Björnström-Steffansson, Mauritz Håkan, 111, 112, 211, 243–45, 275, 300
“black gang”: of Titanic, 18–19. See also specific person
Black (Titanic crewman), 19
Blair, David, 184
Blake, John, 148
Blake, Sid, 148, 274, 287–88
Blank, Henry, 82, 210, 224
Blue Anchor Line, 63
Blue Riband, 13, 38, 53
Blunt, Wilfrid Scawen, 279
Board of Trade, British, 57, 58–59, 69, 182–83. See also Mersey, Lord
bodies: search for, 297–99, 301
Boldt, George, 274
Borah, Hannah Assi. See Hannah, Borak
Borghese, Scipione, 27
Botsford, Hull, 123, 133
Bourke, John, 174–75, 237
Bourke, Kate McHugh, 174–75, 237–38
Bourke, Mary, 174, 237–38
Bournemouth beach (England): sand models on, 291–92
Bowerman, Edith, 227
Bowerman, Elsie, 107–8, 227
Boxhall, Joseph (officer), 201, 208, 228, 302
Bradley, “Boy”. See Brereton, George
Brandeis, Emil, 23
Brayton, George. See Brereton, George
Brereton, George (aka “Boy” Bradley and George Brayton), 82, 306
Brewe, Arthur Jackson, 111, 268
Brewer (Titanic trimmer), 18–19
Bricoux, Roger, 292
Bride, Harold (Marconi operator), 199–200, 201, 209
Bright, Arthur (quartermaster), 185, 242
Britannic (White Star Line), 33, 38, 47, 53, 129
British Shipbuilders, 36n
Brown, Caroline Lamson, 117, 242, 283
Brown, Edward, 246
Brown, J. J., 87–88, 89
Brown, Margaret, 15, 23, 87–89, 110–11, 216, 225, 227, 255, 300
Büchel (Swiss agent), 180, 181, 237
Buckley, Daniel, 218, 221, 237
Bucknell, Emma, 110–11, 212, 215–16, 230, 253–54
Bulgarians: as Titanic passengers, 175–76, 304. See also Eastern/Middle Europeans
Burbidge, Catherine, 80
Burns, Sir John, 40, 47
Butt, Archie, 79, 99–102, 118, 210, 221, 243, 245, 266–67, 276
Butt-Millet Fountain (Washington, D.C.), 99
Byles, Thomas, 137–38, 142, 250
Caldwell, Albert, 142–43, 236
Caldwell, Alden Gates, 143
Caldwell, Sylvia Harbaugh, 143, 212, 236
Californian (Leyland ship), 201, 209, 213, 253, 256, 265, 295, 296
Calik, Jovo, 181
Calik, Peter, 181
Cameron, James, 10
Canada: Armenians in, 177; Berenson comment about, 94–95; Hays empire in, 92–94. See also Hays, Charles M.
Canavan, Mary, 175
Canavan, Pat, 174
Candee, Helen Churchill, 111, 112, 221, 227, 243, 255–56
Carbines, William, 151
Cardeza, Charlotte Drake, 23, 24, 78, 228, 268, 300
Cardeza, Thomas Drake, 78, 228, 268
cards, playing, 82, 134–35, 154, 159, 210
Carlisle, Alexander, 57, 289
Carmania (Cunard ship), 58
Carnegie, Andrew, 30, 37
Caronia (Cunard ship), 124, 200
Carpathia (Cunard ship): Carters on, 302; deaths of Titanic passengers on, 265; messages between Titanic and, 209, 257; New York arrival of, 265, 269, 281–86, 287, 289, 290, 293, 304; rescue of Titanic passengers by, 59, 256–58, 261; Rostron as captain of, 256; Shelley-Baxter conversation on, 295; survivors on, 273; Widener collection on, 97
Carter, Ernest, 138–40, 263, 268
Carter, Lillian Hughes, 138, 139, 263, 268, 275
Carter, Lucile Polk, 75, 118, 239, 268, 275, 302
Carter, William, 75–76, 79, 98, 118, 211, 239, 240–41, 245, 268, 300, 302, 304–5
Cassel, Ernest, 91
catering crew, 184, 191–92
Cather, Willa, 159
Cavell, George, 188–89, 208
Cavendish, Julia, 255
CDQ (international call for help), 209
Chakarov, Petko, 304
Chambers, Norman, 212
Chambers, Sir Alfred, 58
Chapman, John H., 288
Chapman, Mrs., 288
Chaudanson, Victorine, 116–17, 240
Cherbourg, France: Titanic stop at, 22–26
Chesterton, G. K., 10, 103
Voyagers of the Titanic: Passengers, Sailors, Shipbuilders, Aristocrats, and the Worlds They Came From Page 32