by John Hooper
1.Clara Petacci, Mussolini segreto, ed. Mauro Suttora (Milan: Rizzoli, 2009).
2.Carlo Falconi, La Chiesa e le organizzazioni cattoliche in Italia, 1945–1955 (Turin: Giulio Einaudi, 1956), quoted in Paul Ginsborg, A History of Contemporary Italy: Society and Politics, 1943–1988 (London: Penguin, 1990).
3.“Un criterio ideale, un amicizia operativa,” Compagnia delle Opere, www.cdo.org/Portals/0/Pubblicazioni/CDO-BROCHURE_ITA_WEB.pdf.
4.Giambattista Anastasio, “Il sistema di potere del movimento nelle prime regione d’Italia,” Il Giorno, April 22, 2012.
Chapter Ten: Le Italiane—Attitudes Change
1.www.psicolab.net/public/pdfart/11286.pdf.
2.Norman Douglas, Old Calabria (New York: Cosimo Classics, 2007).
3.Romana Frattini and Paolo Rossi, “Report sulle donne nell’università italiana.” Meno di Zero III, nos. 8–9 (Jan.–June 2012).
4.http://qn.quotidiano.net/2008/09/20/119692-delle_studentesse_italiane.shtml.
Chapter Eleven: Lovers and Sons
1.Marcantonio Caltabiano, “L’età al primo rapporto sessuale,” 2013, www.neodemos.it/index.php?file=onenews&form_id_notizia=681.
2.“The Face of Global Sex 2012,” Durex.
3.Marcantonio Caltabiano and Letizia Mencarini, “Le prime fasi della vita sessuale e di coppia,” paper delivered to the Decima Conferenza Nazionale di Statistica, Roma, December 15–16, 2010.
4.“Sexual Wellbeing Global Survey 2007–2008,” Durex.
5.Tobias Smollett, Travels Through France and Italy (1766). Letter XXVII.
6.“International Social Survey Programme: Family and Changing Gender Roles II,” 1994.
7.“PriceRunner Safe Sex League Table,” 2009.
8.“Il 37 percento delle italiane fedeli al coito interrotto,” Corriere della Sera, October 10, 2006.
9.“The Face of Global Sex 2012,” Durex.
10.“Mamma,” composed by Cesare Andrea Bixio with Italian lyrics by Bruno Cherubini (1941).
11.“Mama,” lyrics by Harold Barlow and Phil Brito (1946).
12.Marina D’Amelia, La Mamma (Bologna: Edizioni del Mulino, 2005).
13.Eric Hobsbawm and Terence Ranger, The Invention of Tradition (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983).
14.Fabrizio Blini, Mamma mia (Milan: Baldini Castoldi Dalai, 2007).
15.Raeleen D’Agostino, “Global Psyche: Forever Mamma’s Boy,” Psychology Today, March/April 2008. A transcript of the full interview is accessible at www.roberto-vincenzi.com/intervista_mammismo.htm.
16.Tim Parks, An Italian Education (New York: Grove, 1995).
17.“Indagine conoscitiva su aspetti sociali e sanitari della prostituzione,” Commissione Affari Sociali, Camera dei Deputati, 1999.
18.“La popolazione omosessuale nella società italiana,” Istat, May 17, 2012.
Chapter Twelve: Family Matters
1.Francis X. Rocca, “Italy’s Family Ties: Rome’s Austerity Package Threatens the Country’s Traditional Social Structure,” Wall Street Journal, July 15, 2011.
2.Marco Manacorda and Enrico Moretti, “Why Do Most Italian Young Men Live with Their Parents? Intergenerational Transfers and Household Structure,” discussion paper no. 5116, Centre for Economic Policy Research, London, June 2005.
3.Alessandro Rosina, Letizia Mencarini and Rosella Rettaroli, “Inizio dell’età adulta,” 2005.
4.Martin Ljunge, “Was Banfield Right? Family Ties and Civic Virtues,” University of Copenhagen, 2011.
Chapter Fourteen: Taking Sides
1.John Foot, Calcio: A History of Italian Football (London: Fourth Estate, 2006).
2.Gianni Brera, “Quel calcio lineare e sovrano,” La Repubblica, February 3, 1987.
3.Paddy Agnew, Forza Italia: A Journey in Search of Italy and Its Football (London: Ebury Press, 2006).
Chapter Fifteen: Restrictive Practices
1.Adrian Michaels, “Barbarian at the Gate,” Financial Times, March 15, 2008.
2.Francesco Viviano, “Io e mio padre Provenzano. Così faccio i conti con la mafia,” La Repubblica, December 1, 2008.
Chapter Sixteen: Of Mafias and Mafiosi
1.Quoted in Pino Arlacchi, Gli uomini del disonore (Milan: Il Saggiatore, 1992); trans. Marc Romano, Men of Dishonor: Inside the Sicilian Mafia (New York: Morrow, 1993).
2.Roberto Saviano, Gomorra: viaggio nell’impero economico e nel sogno di dominio della Camorra (Milan: Mondadori, 2006); trans. Virginia Jewiss, Gomorrah (London: Macmillan, 2007).
3.“Gli investimenti delle mafie,” Progetto PON Sicurezza 2007–2013, Transcrime—Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano, February 2013, www.investimentioc.it/files/PON-Presentazione_Linea%201_Gli%20investimenti_delle_mafie.pdf.
4.Leonardo Sciascia, Il giorno della civetta (Turin: Giulio Einaudi, 1961); trans. Archibald Colquhoun and Arthur Oliver, The Day of the Owl (New York: Knopf, 1963).
5.George Armstrong, “Mafiosi Widen Their Horizons—By Order,” Guardian, April 1, 1974.
6.Nicola Gratteri and Antonio Nicaso, Fratelli di sangue (Cosenza: Pellegrini Editore, 2006).
7.Diego Gambetta, The Sicilian Mafia: The Business of Private Protection (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996).
Chapter Seventeen: Temptation and Tangenti
1.Giuseppe Prezzolini, Codice della vita italiana (1921).
2.“Identifying and Reducing Corruption in Public Procurement in the EU,” European Commission, June 30, 2013, http://ec.europa.eu/anti_fraud/documents/anti-fraud-policy/research-and-studies/identifying_reducing_corruption_in_public_procurement_en.pdf#page=7&zoom=auto,0,480.
3.Pino Nicotri, Tangenti in confessionale: Come i preti rispondono a corrotti e corruttori (Venice: Marsilio Editori, 1993).
4.See Giovanni Cerruti, “Il Belpaese dei felici e raccomdandati,” La Repubblica, July 1, 2008.
5.Its findings were summarized in Filippo Ceccarelli, “Siamo tutti raccomandati,” La Repubblica, November 16, 2007.
Chapter Eighteen: Pardon and Justice
1.The same remark in slightly different form is ascribed to Giolitti. But whereas I have never been able to find a source for Giolitti’s supposed quip, Mussolini’s appears in Emil Ludwig, Mussolinis Gespräche mit Emil Ludwig (1932); trans. Paul Eden and Paul Cedar, Talks with Mussolini (1933).
2.http://old.terrelibere.org/doc/storia-di-tangentopoli.
3.Luigi Ferrarella, “Mani pulite, 2,565 imputati,” Corriere della Sera, February 17, 2000.
4.See William T. Pizzi and Mariangela Montagna, “The Battle to Establish an Adversarial Trial System in Italy,” Michigan Journal of International Law 25, no. 429 (2004); and Giulio Illuminati, “The Frustrated Turn to Adversarial Procedure in Italy,” Washington University Global Studies Law Review 4, no. 3 (2005).
5.http://www3.unil.ch/wpmu/space/files/2014/05/Council-of-Europe_SPACE-I-2012-E_Final_140507.pdf.
6.“Mediaset: il ritratto delle toghe in aula; Il lapsus del presidente Esposito, l’incubo notturno di Ghedini,” Ansa, August 1, 2013.
Chapter Nineteen: Questions of Identity
1.Faccia d’angelo, broadcast by Sky Cinema 1 on March 12 and 19, 2012, and by La7 on December 15, 2013.
2.Ginsborg, History of Contemporary Italy.
3.Asher Colombo and Giuseppe Sciortino, “Italian Immigration: The Origins, Nature and Evolution of Italy’s Migratory Systems,” Journal of Modern Italian Studies 9, no. 1 (2004).
4.Paolo Jedlowski and Renate Siebert, “Memoria coloniale e razzismo,” in Andrea Mammone, Nicola Tranfaglia and Giuseppe A. Veltri, eds., Un paese normale? Saggi sull’Italia contemporanea (Milan: Baldini Castoldi Dalai, 2011).
5.Nando Sigona, “Rom e Sinti come ‘problema’: discorso pubblico, politiche e prassi,” in Mammone
et al., Un paese normale?
6.Francesco D’Amuri and Giovanni Peri, “Immigration, Jobs and Employment Protection: Evidence from Europe Before and During the Great Recession,” Banca d’Italia Working Paper 886, October 2012.
7.“Rapporto Unioncamere 2011.” The figure was put at exactly 12 percent in Unioncamere’s 2012 report, www.starnet.unioncamere.it/Rapporto-Unioncamere-2012_5A33.
Epilogue
1.Aqib Aslam and Luisa Corrado, “No Man Is an Island: The Inter-Personal Determinants of Regional Well-Being in Europe,” Cambridge Working Papers in Economics, April 2007.
2.Eurofound, “Third European Quality of Life Survey—Quality of Life in Europe: Subjective Well-Being” (Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2013).
3.www.economywatch.com/economic-statistics/Italy/GDP_Per_Capita_Constant_Prices_National_Currency/.
4.“Burocrazia, se cambiare diventa un’impresa,” Avvenire, October 18, 2013.
5.“47° Rapporto sulla situazione sociale del Paese/2013,” Censis, 2013.
6.“Face Value: The Troubleshooter,” Economist, December 9, 2006.
7.“Meno morti sulle strade italiane: i nuovi dati Istat,” June 24, 2013, http://assicurazione-auto.supermoney.eu/news/2013/06/meno-morti-sulle-strade-italiane-i-nuovi-dati-istat-0020382.html.
8.Ginsborg, History of Contemporary Italy.
9.Ian Traynor, “Crisis for Europe as Trust Hits Record Low,” Guardian, April 24, 2013, www.theguardian.com/world/2013/apr/24/trust-eu-falls-record-low/.
10.Giampaolo Pansa, Poco o niente: Eravamo poveri. Torneremo poveri (Milan: Rizzoli, 2011).
Index
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. To find the corresponding locations in the text of this digital version, please use the “search” function on your e-reader. Note that not all terms may be searchable. Additionally, page numbers in italics refer to maps.
abortion, 129, 137, 149, 162–63
Abruzzo, 6–7, 155n, 168, 184
Academy Awards, 144n, 188, 292
AC Milan, 83, 205–7
adultery, 159–61
advertising, 76–77, 146, 157, 161, 173, 282
Africa, Africans, 48, 147, 196, 241, 279, 280, 282, 283
North, 5, 99, 198, 200, 236
agriculture, 8, 128, 130, 184, 240
Albania, Albanians, 27, 229, 286
Alberti, Leon Battista, 184
alcohol consumption, 197–98
Alexander VI, Pope, 122
Alfonso V, king of Aragon, 19
Allende, Salvador, 38
Alps, Italian, 5–6, 9–10, 16, 22, 124, 197, 235, 270–71
Alto Adige/Südtirol region, 10, 26
Alvaro, Corrado, 164–65
Amalfi, 18, 275
Amalfi Coast, 7, 10
amare, volere bene vs., 163
amnesty, 48, 254–55, 283
“amoral familism,” 182–85, 195
Anagrafe degli Italiani Residenti all’Estero (AIRE), 279
Andreotti, Giulio, 175n, 245
anti-Fascism, 290, 291
Apennines, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11
Appunto 21, 53–54
architecture, 3, 4, 76
Aristotle, 81
armed forces, 42, 58–59, 120–21, 236
Arte Povera, 111
arts, 3–4, 12, 19, 21, 59, 63, 76
aversion to change in, 111–12
Jewish contributions to, 123–24
arugula (Eruca sativa), 100–101
Ash Wednesday, 93
Asia, 48, 65
Aspromonte, 6, 233
AS Roma, 70, 209, 210, 212, 213
Associazione Cristiane Lavoratori Italiani (ACLI), 128
Associazione Nazionale Magistrati (ANM), 267
Atlanticism, 290
Aurelian Walls, 2–4, 22, 30
Austria, Austrians, 22, 26, 92, 277
Austro-Hungary, 10–11, 35
Avvenire, 130–31
Azione Cattolica Italiana, 128, 132
Azzurri, Gli (“The Blues”), 204–5
Balkans, 31, 284
bamboccioni (stay-at-home children), 179–81
Banfield, Edward, 182–84, 195
Bari, 18, 266
baroni (professors), 225
Barzini, Luigi, 4, 191
Basilicata region, 6, 25, 28, 43, 107, 182–84, 192–93, 229n
beauty, 26, 76, 85, 87–88, 93, 158
beauty contests, 151–52, 274, 279
bella figura, 85–88
Benedict XVI, Pope, 44–45, 131
Berlin Wall, fall of, 31, 81
Berlusconi, Silvio, 3, 54, 59, 61, 125, 146, 149–50, 185, 191, 207, 221, 258–59
attitude toward corruption, 247–48
government under, 31, 40, 78–85, 105, 109, 111, 112, 128, 129, 132, 149, 220, 281, 285, 288–89, 291
il look of, 73–75
and justice system, 263–64, 266–68
legacy of, 36
media interests of, 70, 78–79, 81, 83–84, 146, 149, 177, 191
political strategies of, 70, 81–85, 204
trials of, 83, 255, 268
wealth of, 78, 83, 177
on women, 149–50, 167
Bersaglieri, 3, 30
Biagi, Marco, assassination of, 105
bigliettini (crib sheets), 61, 63
birth control, 92
birth rate, 154
Biscardi, Aldo, 209–10, 215
Black Death, 19
blacks, bias against, 40, 282
Blair, Tony, 121–22
Blasi, Ilary, 210
Boccaccio, Giovanni, 3, 99
Bologna, 4, 23–25, 52
Bonaparte, Napoléon, 22, 249
Borgias, 12, 122
Borsellino, Paolo, 230, 235
Bossi, Umberto, 67, 79, 243, 273
Botticelli, Sandro, 3, 65
Bourbons, 22, 275
Brera, Gianni, 209, 213
bribery, 43, 83, 238, 239, 242, 246, 247, 252, 263n
Brown, Sarah, 74–75
“Bunga Bunga” parties, 80, 150
Buono Ordinario del Tesoro (BOT), 114
bureaucracy, 42, 43, 289
business, 176–77, 182, 216–26, 232
bustarella (“little envelope”), 252
Byzantine Empire, 14–15, 17–18
Calabria region, 6, 27, 125–26, 141, 142, 184, 213, 233, 274, 276, 277
mafia in, see ’Ndrangheta
Calciopoli scandal, 214–15
Calderoli, Roberto, 40–42, 281
Camorra, 7, 228–33
Campania region, 7, 107, 231, 233–34, 277, 279, 285
cannabis use, 198
“Canto degli Italiani, Il” (“L’Inno di Mameli”; national anthem), 29–30
Capatti, Alberto, 100–101
capital punishment, 91–92
Capri, 5, 7
Carabinieri, 42, 62, 77, 120, 235
Carnevale, Carnival, 93
Carroll, Lewis, 50, 95
Casal di Principe, 233
Casaleggio, Gianroberto, 85
Casalesi clan, 233
Casinò di Venezia, 117
casinos, gambling, 117
Cassa per il Mezzogiorno, 276
Castello Tesino, 139–40
Castiglione, Baldassare, 188, 249
Catania, 5, 68, 107, 146
Catherine of Siena, Saint, 4, 136
Cavour, Camillo Benso, Count of, 125, 271–72
cell phones, 170–72
central Italy, 25, 94, 100
centri sociali, 182, 202
charities, 129n, 132
Charlemagne, 12–13, 15–17
Charles VIII, king of France, 271
cheating, tolerance for, 60–64, 82
cheeses, 98–100, 102
children, 152–54, 178–82, 257–58
Christian Democrats (DC), 28–29, 82, 127–29, 130, 174, 203–4, 220, 241, 245
Church and, 38, 127–29, 158, 220
dominance of, 30, 58, 108, 117, 127–28, 143, 158, 219, 221
Churchill, Winston, 51–52, 207
ciao, subtleties of use of, 191–92
citizenship, 278–79, 283
civil partnerships, 129, 175
civismo (public spirit), 25
class, 74–76, 127–28, 141, 159–61, 192–94
Clean Hands (Mani Pulite) investigation, 221, 237, 238, 241, 245, 248
cocaine trade, 198, 232, 233
Coldiretti, 128, 130
Cold War, 23, 30, 36, 37, 52, 58–59, 144, 203, 240, 267, 290–91
Collodi, Carlo (Carlo Lorenzini), 60
colonialism, 37, 283–84
Columbus, Christopher, 4, 10
Commedia dell’Arte, 64–65
commerce, 216–26
communes, 16–17, 19, 20, 25, 202
communication, 65–69, 75–76, 82
Communione e Liberazione (CL), 131–33
communism, 38, 40, 81, 82, 160, 288
Communists, Italian, 23–24, 30–31, 34–35, 38, 51, 126, 128, 141, 143, 184, 203–4, 206, 219–21, 263, 267
Como, Lake, 9, 50–51
Concordat (1984), 129
condono, fines reduced by, 255–56
Confederazione Cooperative Italiane (CCI, Confcooperative), 128, 130
Confederazione Italiana Sindacati Lavoratori (CISL), 128, 130
confession, sacrament of, 44, 241, 258, 260
conspiracy theories, 69–70
Constantine the Great, Byzantine emperor, 16
Constantinople (Istanbul), 14, 18
Constitutional Court, 68, 262
construction, unauthorized, 251–52, 255–56
contraception, 161–63
conventions, laws vs., 252–53
copiare, 60–61
Cordero di Montezemolo, Luca, 60–61
corporations, 147, 150, 176–77
Corriere della Sera, 27n, 74, 161, 194, 257, 272n
corruption, 222, 237–48
bureaucracy as response to, 42–43, 240