Xerox PARC: Interviews with Steve Jobs, John Seeley Brown, Adele Goldberg, Larry Tesler, Bill Atkinson. Freiberger and Swaine, 239; Levy, Insanely Great, 66–80; Hiltzik, 330–341; Linzmayer, 74–75; Young, 170–172; Rose, 45–47; Triumph of the Nerds, PBS, part 3.
“Great Artists Steal”: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Larry Tesler, Bill Atkinson. Levy, Insanely Great, 77, 87–90; Triumph of the Nerds, PBS, part 3; Bruce Horn, “Where It All Began” (1966), www.mackido.com; Hiltzik, 343, 367–370; Malcolm Gladwell, “Creation Myth,” New Yorker, May 16, 2011; Young, 178–182.
CHAPTER 9: GOING PUBLIC
Options: Interviews with Daniel Kottke, Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, Andy Hertzfeld, Mike Markkula, Bill Hambrecht. “Sale of Apple Stock Barred,” Boston Globe, Dec. 11, 1980.
Baby You’re a Rich Man: Interviews with Larry Brilliant, Steve Jobs. Steve Ditlea, “An Apple on Every Desk,” Inc., Oct. 1, 1981; “Striking It Rich,” Time, Feb. 15, 1982; “The Seeds of Success,” Time, Feb. 15, 1982; Moritz, 292–295; Sheff.
CHAPTER 10: THE MAC IS BORN
Jef Raskin’s Baby: Interviews with Bill Atkinson, Steve Jobs, Andy Hertzfeld, Mike Markkula. Jef Raskin, “Recollections of the Macintosh Project,” “Holes in the Histories,” “The Genesis and History of the Macintosh Project,” “Reply to Jobs, and Personal Motivation,” “Design Considerations for an Anthropophilic Computer,” and “Computers by the Millions,” Raskin papers, Stanford University Library; Jef Raskin, “A Conversation,” Ubiquity, June 23, 2003; Levy, Insanely Great, 107–121; Hertzfeld, 19; “Macintosh’s Other Designers,” Byte, Aug. 1984; Young, 202, 208–214; “Apple Launches a Mac Attack,” Time, Jan. 30, 1984; Malone, 255–258.
Texaco Towers: Interviews with Andrea Cunningham, Bruce Horn, Andy Hertzfeld, Mike Scott, Mike Markkula. Hertzfeld, 19–20, 26–27; Wozniak, 241–242.
CHAPTER 11: THE REALITY DISTORTION FIELD
Interviews with Bill Atkinson, Steve Wozniak, Debi Coleman, Andy Hertzfeld, Bruce Horn, Joanna Hoffman, Al Eisenstat, Ann Bowers, Steve Jobs. Some of these tales have variations. See Hertzfeld, 24, 68, 161.
CHAPTER 12: THE DESIGN
A Bauhaus Aesthetic: Interviews with Dan’l Lewin, Steve Jobs, Maya Lin, Debi Coleman. Steve Jobs in conversation with Charles Hampden-Turner, International Design Conference in Aspen, June 15, 1983. (The design conference audiotapes are stored at the Aspen Institute. I want to thank Deborah Murphy for finding them.)
Like a Porsche: Interviews with Bill Atkinson, Alain Rossmann, Mike Markkula, Steve Jobs. “The Macintosh Design Team,” Byte, Feb. 1984; Hertzfeld, 29–31, 41, 46, 63, 68; Sculley, 157; Jerry Manock, “Invasion of Texaco Towers,” Folklore.org; Kunkel, 26–30; Jobs, Stanford commencement address; email from Susan Kare; Susan Kare, “World Class Cities,” in Hertzfeld, 165; Laurence Zuckerman, “The Designer Who Made the Mac Smile,” New York Times, Aug. 26, 1996; Susan Kare interview, Sept. 8, 2000, Stanford University Library, Special Collections; Levy, Insanely Great, 156; Hartmut Esslinger, A Fine Line (Jossey-Bass, 2009), 7–9; David Einstein, “Where Success Is by Design,” San Francisco Chronicle, Oct. 6, 1995; Sheff.
CHAPTER 13: BUILDING THE MAC
Competition: Interview with Steve Jobs. Levy, Insanely Great, 125; Sheff; Hertzfeld, 71–73; Wall Street Journal advertisement, Aug. 24, 1981.
End-to-end Control: Interview with Berry Cash. Kahney, 241; Dan Farber, “Steve Jobs, the iPhone and Open Platforms,” ZDNet.com, Jan. 13, 2007; Tim Wu, The Master Switch (Knopf, 2010), 254–276; Mike Murray, “Mac Memo” to Steve Jobs, May 19, 1982 (courtesy of Mike Murray).
Machines of the Year: Interviews with Daniel Kottke, Steve Jobs, Ray Cave. “The Computer Moves In,” Time, Jan. 3, 1983; “The Updated Book of Jobs,” Time, Jan. 3, 1983; Moritz, 11; Young, 293; Rose, 9–11; Peter McNulty, “Apple’s Bid to Stay in the Big Time,” Fortune, Feb. 7, 1983; “The Year of the Mouse,” Time, Jan. 31, 1983.
Let’s Be Pirates! Interviews with Ann Bowers, Andy Hertzfeld, Bill Atkinson, Arthur Rock, Mike Markkula, Steve Jobs, Debi Coleman; email from Susan Kare. Hertzfeld, 76, 135–138, 158, 160, 166; Moritz, 21–28; Young, 295–297, 301–303; Susan Kare interview, Sept. 8, 2000, Stanford University Library; Jeff Goodell, “The Rise and Fall of Apple Computer,” Rolling Stone, Apr. 4, 1996; Rose, 59–69, 93.
CHAPTER 14: ENTER SCULLEY
The Courtship: Interviews with John Sculley, Andy Hertzfeld, Steve Jobs. Rose, 18, 74–75; Sculley, 58–90, 107; Elliot, 90–93; Mike Murray, “Special Mac Sneak” memo to staff, Mar. 3, 1983 (courtesy of Mike Murray); Hertzfeld, 149–150.
The Honeymoon: Interviews with Steve Jobs, John Sculley, Joanna Hoffman. Sculley, 127–130, 154–155, 168, 179; Hertzfeld, 195.
CHAPTER 15: THE LAUNCH
Real Artists Ship: Interviews with Andy Hertzfeld, Steve Jobs. Video of Apple sales conference, Oct. 1983; “Personal Computers: And the Winner Is . . . IBM,” Business Week, Oct. 3, 1983; Hertzfeld, 208–210; Rose, 147–153; Levy, Insanely Great, 178–180; Young, 327–328.
The “1984” Ad: Interviews with Lee Clow, John Sculley, Mike Markkula, Bill Campbell, Steve Jobs. Steve Hayden interview, Weekend Edition, NPR, Feb. 1, 2004; Linzmayer, 109–114; Sculley, 176.
Publicity Blast: Hertzfeld, 226–227; Michael Rogers, “It’s the Apple of His Eye,” Newsweek, Jan. 30, 1984; Levy, Insanely Great, 17–27.
January 24, 1984: Interviews with John Sculley, Steve Jobs, Andy Hertzfeld. Video of Jan. 1984 Apple shareholders meeting; Hertzfeld, 213–223; Sculley, 179–181; William Hawkins, “Jobs’ Revolutionary New Computer,” Popular Science, Jan. 1989.
CHAPTER 16: GATES AND JOBS
The Macintosh Partnership: Interviews with Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, Bruce Horn. Hertzfeld, 52–54; Steve Lohr, “Creating Jobs,” New York Times, Jan. 12, 1997; Triumph of the Nerds, PBS, part 3; Rusty Weston, “Partners and Adversaries,” MacWeek, Mar. 14, 1989; Walt Mossberg and Kara Swisher, interview with Bill Gates and Steve Jobs, All Things Digital, May 31, 2007; Young, 319–320; Carlton, 28; Brent Schlender, “How Steve Jobs Linked Up with IBM,” Fortune, Oct. 9, 1989; Steven Levy, “A Big Brother?” Newsweek, Aug. 18, 1997.
The Battle of the GUI: Interviews with Bill Gates, Steve Jobs. Hertzfeld, 191–193; Michael Schrage, “IBM Compatibility Grows,” Washington Post, Nov. 29, 1983; Triumph of the Nerds, PBS, part 3.
CHAPTER 17: ICARUS
Flying High: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Debi Coleman, Bill Atkinson, Andy Hertzfeld, Alain Rossmann, Joanna Hoffman, Jean-Louis Gassée, Nicholas Negroponte, Arthur Rock, John Sculley. Sheff; Hertzfeld, 206–207, 230; Sculley, 197–199; Young, 308–309; George Gendron and Bo Burlingham, “Entrepreneur of the Decade,” Inc., Apr. 1, 1989.
Falling: Interviews with Joanna Hoffman, John Sculley, Lee Clow, Debi Coleman, Andrea Cunningham, Steve Jobs. Sculley, 201, 212–215; Levy, Insanely Great, 186–192; Michael Rogers, “It’s the Apple of His Eye,” Newsweek, Jan. 30, 1984; Rose, 207, 233; Felix Kessler, “Apple Pitch,” Fortune, Apr. 15, 1985; Linzmayer, 145.
Thirty Years Old: Interviews with Mallory Walker, Andy Hertzfeld, Debi Coleman, Elizabeth Holmes, Steve Wozniak, Don Valentine. Sheff.
Exodus: Interviews with Andy Hertzfeld, Steve Wozniak, Bruce Horn. Hertzfeld, 253, 263–264; Young, 372–376; Wozniak, 265–266; Rose, 248–249; Bob Davis, “Apple’s Head, Jobs, Denies Ex-Partner Use of Design Firm,” Wall Street Journal, Mar. 22, 1985.
Showdown, Spring 1985: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Al Alcorn, John Sculley, Mike Murray. Elliot, 15; Sculley, 205–206, 227, 238–244; Young, 367–379; Rose, 238, 242, 254–255; Mike Murray, “Let’s Wake Up and Die Right,” memo to undisclosed recipients, Mar. 7, 1985 (courtesy of Mike Murray).
Plotting a Coup: Interviews with Steve Jobs, John Sculley. Rose, 266–275; Sculley, ix–x, 245–246; Young, 388–396; Elliot, 112.
Seven Days in May: Interviews with Jean-Louis Gassée, Steve Jobs, Bill Campbell, Al Eisenstat, John Sculley, Mike Murray, Mike Markkula, Debi Coleman. Bro Uttal, “Behind the Fall of Steve Jobs,” Fortune, Aug.
5, 1985; Sculley, 249–260; Rose, 275–290; Young, 396–404.
Like a Rolling Stone: Interviews with Mike Murray, Mike Markkula, Steve Jobs, John Sculley, Bob Metcalfe, George Riley, Andy Hertzfeld, Tina Redse, Mike Merin, Al Eisenstat, Arthur Rock. Tina Redse email to Steve Jobs, July 20, 2010; “No Job for Jobs,” AP, July 26, 1985; “Jobs Talks about His Rise and Fall,” Newsweek, Sept. 30, 1985; Hertzfeld, 269–271; Young, 387, 403–405; Young and Simon, 116; Rose, 288–292; Sculley, 242–245, 286–287; letter from Al Eisenstat to Arthur Hartman, July 23, 1985 (courtesy of Al Eisenstat).
CHAPTER 18: NeXT
The Pirates Abandon Ship: Interviews with Dan’l Lewin, Steve Jobs, Bill Campbell, Arthur Rock, Mike Markkula, John Sculley, Andrea Cunningham, Joanna Hoffman. Patricia Bellew Gray and Michael Miller, “Apple Chairman Jobs Resigns,” Wall Street Journal, Sept. 18, 1985; Gerald Lubenow and Michael Rogers, “Jobs Talks about His Rise and Fall,” Newsweek, Sept. 30, 1985; Bro Uttal, “The Adventures of Steve Jobs,” Fortune, Oct. 14, 1985; Susan Kerr, “Jobs Resigns,” Computer Systems News, Sept. 23, 1985; “Shaken to the Very Core,” Time, Sept. 30, 1985; John Eckhouse, “Apple Board Fuming at Steve Jobs,” San Francisco Chronicle, Sept. 17, 1985; Hertzfeld, 132–133; Sculley, 313–317; Young, 415–416; Young and Simon, 127; Rose, 307–319; Stross, 73; Deutschman, 36; Complaint for Breaches of Fiduciary Obligations, Apple Computer v. Steven P. Jobs and Richard A. Page, Superior Court of California, Santa Clara County, Sept. 23, 1985; Patricia Bellew Gray, “Jobs Asserts Apple Undermined Efforts to Settle Dispute,” Wall Street Journal, Sept. 25, 1985.
To Be on Your Own: Interviews with Arthur Rock, Susan Kare, Steve Jobs, Al Eisenstat. “Logo for Jobs’ New Firm,” San Francisco Chronicle, June 19, 1986; Phil Patton, “Steve Jobs: Out for Revenge,” New York Times, Aug. 6, 1989; Paul Rand, NeXT Logo presentation, 1985; Doug Evans and Allan Pottasch, video interview with Steve Jobs on Paul Rand, 1993; Steve Jobs to Al Eisenstat, Nov. 4, 1985; Eisenstat to Jobs, Nov. 8, 1985; Agreement between Apple Computer Inc. and Steven P. Jobs, and Request for Dismissal of Lawsuit without Prejudice, filed in the Superior Court of California, Santa Clara County, Jan. 17, 1986; Deutschman, 47, 43; Stross, 76, 118–120, 245; Kunkel, 58–63; “Can He Do It Again?” Business Week, Oct. 24, 1988; Joe Nocera, “The Second Coming of Steve Jobs,” Esquire, Dec. 1986, reprinted in Good Guys and Bad Guys (Portfolio, 2008), 49; Brenton Schlender, “How Steve Jobs Linked Up with IBM,” Fortune, Oct. 9, 1989.
The Computer: Interviews with Mitch Kapor, Michael Hawley, Steve Jobs. Peter Denning and Karen Frenkle, “A Conversation with Steve Jobs,” Communications of the Association for Computer Machinery, Apr. 1, 1989; John Eckhouse, “Steve Jobs Shows Off Ultra-Robotic Assembly Line,” San Francisco Chronicle, June 13, 1989; Stross, 122–125; Deutschman, 60–63; Young, 425; Katie Hafner, “Can He Do It Again?” Business Week, Oct. 24, 1988; The Entrepreneurs, PBS, Nov. 5, 1986, directed by John Nathan.
Perot to the Rescue: Stross, 102–112; “Perot and Jobs,” Newsweek, Feb. 9, 1987; Andrew Pollack, “Can Steve Jobs Do It Again?” New York Times, Nov. 8, 1987; Katie Hafner, “Can He Do It Again?” Business Week, Oct. 24, 1988; Pat Steger, “A Gem of an Evening with King Juan Carlos,” San Francisco Chronicle, Oct. 5, 1987; David Remnick, “How a Texas Playboy Became a Billionaire,” Washington Post, May 20, 1987.
Gates and NeXT: Interviews with Bill Gates, Adele Goldberg, Steve Jobs. Brit Hume, “Steve Jobs Pulls Ahead,” Washington Post, Oct. 31, 1988; Brent Schlender, “How Steve Jobs Linked Up with IBM,” Fortune, Oct. 9, 1989; Stross, 14; Linzmayer, 209; “William Gates Talks,” Washington Post, Dec. 30, 1990; Katie Hafner, “Can He Do It Again?” Business Week, Oct. 24, 1988; John Thompson, “Gates, Jobs Swap Barbs,” Computer System News, Nov. 27, 1989.
IBM: Brent Schlender, “How Steve Jobs Linked Up with IBM,” Fortune, Oct. 9, 1989; Phil Patton, “Out for Revenge,” New York Times, Aug. 6, 1989; Stross, 140–142; Deutschman, 133.
The Launch, October 1988: Stross, 166–186; Wes Smith, “Jobs Has Returned,” Chicago Tribune, Nov. 13, 1988; Andrew Pollack, “NeXT Produces a Gala,” New York Times, Oct. 10, 1988; Brenton Schlender, “Next Project,” Wall Street Journal, Oct. 13, 1988; Katie Hafner, “Can He Do It Again?” Business Week, Oct. 24, 1988; Deutschman, 128; “Steve Jobs Comes Back,” Newsweek, Oct. 24, 1988; “The NeXT Generation,” San Jose Mercury News, Oct. 10, 1988.
CHAPTER 19: PIXAR
Lucasfilm’s Computer Division: Interviews with Ed Catmull, Alvy Ray Smith, Steve Jobs, Pam Kerwin, Michael Eisner. Price, 71–74, 89–101; Paik, 53–57, 226; Young and Simon, 169; Deutschman, 115.
Animation: Interviews with John Lasseter, Steve Jobs. Paik, 28–44; Price, 45–56.
Tin Toy: Interviews with Pam Kerwin, Alvy Ray Smith, John Lasseter, Ed Catmull, Steve Jobs, Jeffrey Katzenberg, Michael Eisner, Andy Grove. Steve Jobs email to Albert Yu, Sept. 23, 1995; Albert Yu to Steve Jobs, Sept. 25, 1995; Steve Jobs to Andy Grove, Sept. 25, 1995; Andy Grove to Steve Jobs, Sept. 26, 1995; Steve Jobs to Andy Grove, Oct. 1, 1995; Price, 104–114; Young and Simon, 166.
CHAPTER 20: A REGULAR GUY
Joan Baez: Interviews with Joan Baez, Steve Jobs, Joanna Hoffman, Debi Coleman, Andy Hertzfeld. Joan Baez, And a Voice to Sing With (Summit, 1989), 144, 380.
Finding Joanne and Mona: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Mona Simpson.
The Lost Father: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Laurene Powell, Mona Simpson, Ken Auletta, Nick Pileggi.
Lisa: Interviews with Chrisann Brennan, Avie Tevanian, Joanna Hoffman, Andy Hertzfeld. Lisa Brennan-Jobs, “Confessions of a Lapsed Vegetarian,” Southwest Review, 2008; Young, 224; Deutschman, 76.
The Romantic: Interviews with Jennifer Egan, Tina Redse, Steve Jobs, Andy Hertzfeld, Joanna Hoffman. Deutschman, 73, 138. Mona Simpson’s A Regular Guy is a novel loosely based on the relationship between Jobs, Lisa and Chrisann Brennan, and Tina Redse, who is the basis for the character named Olivia.
CHAPTER 21: FAMILY MAN
Laurene Powell: Interviews with Laurene Powell, Steve Jobs, Kathryn Smith, Avie Tevanian, Andy Hertzfeld, Marjorie Powell Barden.
The Wedding, March 18, 1991: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Laurene Powell, Andy Hertzfeld, Joanna Hoffman, Avie Tevanian, Mona Simpson. Simpson, A Regular Guy, 357.
A Family Home: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Laurene Powell, Andy Hertzfeld. David Weinstein, “Taking Whimsy Seriously,” San Francisco Chronicle, Sept. 13, 2003; Gary Wolfe, “Steve Jobs,” Wired, Feb. 1996; “Former Apple Designer Charged with Harassing Steve Jobs,” AP, June 8, 1993.
Lisa Moves In: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Laurene Powell, Mona Simpson, Andy Hertzfeld. Lisa Brennan-Jobs, “Driving Jane,” Harvard Advocate, Spring 1999; Simpson, A Regular Guy, 251; email from Chrisann Brennan, Jan. 19, 2011; Bill Workman, “Palo Alto High School’s Student Scoop,” San Francisco Chronicle, Mar. 16, 1996; Lisa Brennan-Jobs, “Waterloo,” Massachusetts Review, Spring 2006; Deutschman, 258; Chrisann Brennan website, chrysanthemum.com; Steve Lohr, “Creating Jobs,” New York Times, Jan. 12, 1997.
Children: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Laurene Powell.
CHAPTER 22: TOY STORY
Jeffrey Katzenberg: Interviews with John Lasseter, Ed Catmull, Jeffrey Katzenberg, Alvy Ray Smith, Steve Jobs. Price, 84–85, 119–124; Paik, 71, 90; Robert Murphy, “John Cooley Looks at Pixar’s Creative Process,” Silicon Prairie News, Oct. 6, 2010.
Cut! Interviews with Steve Jobs, Jeffrey Katzenberg, Ed Catmull, Larry Ellison. Paik, 90; Deutschman, 194–198; “Toy Story: The Inside Buzz,” Entertainment Weekly, Dec. 8, 1995.
To Infinity! Interviews with Steve Jobs, Michael Eisner. Janet Maslin, “There’s a New Toy in the House. Uh-Oh,” New York Times, Nov. 22, 1995; “A Conversation with Steve Jobs and John Lasseter,” Charlie Rose, PBS, Oct. 30, 1996; John Markoff, “Apple Computer Co-Founder Strikes Gold,” New York Times, Nov. 30, 1995.
CHAPTER 23: THE SECOND COMING
Things Fall Apart: Interview with Jean-Louis Gassée. Bart Ziegler, “Industry Has Next to No Patience w
ith Jobs’ NeXT,” AP, Aug. 19, 1990; Stross, 226–228; Gary Wolf, “The Next Insanely Great Thing,” Wired, Feb. 1996; Anthony Perkins, “Jobs’ Story,” Red Herring, Jan. 1, 1996.
Apple Falling: Interviews with Steve Jobs, John Sculley, Larry Ellison. Sculley, 248, 273; Deutschman, 236; Steve Lohr, “Creating Jobs,” New York Times, Jan. 12, 1997; Amelio, 190 and preface to the hardback edition; Young and Simon, 213–214; Linzmayer, 273–279; Guy Kawasaki, “Steve Jobs to Return as Apple CEO,” Macworld, Nov. 1, 1994.
Slouching toward Cupertino: Interviews with Jon Rubinstein, Steve Jobs, Larry Ellison, Avie Tevanian, Fred Anderson, Larry Tesler, Bill Gates, John Lasseter. John Markoff, “Why Apple Sees Next as a Match Made in Heaven,” New York Times, Dec. 23, 1996; Steve Lohr, “Creating Jobs,” New York Times, Jan. 12, 1997; Rajiv Chandrasekaran, “Steve Jobs Returning to Apple,” Washington Post, Dec. 21, 1996; Louise Kehoe, “Apple’s Prodigal Son Returns,” Financial Times, Dec. 23, 1996; Amelio, 189–201, 238; Carlton, 409; Linzmayer, 277; Deutschman, 240.
CHAPTER 24: THE RESTORATION
Hovering Backstage: Interviews with Steve Jobs, Avie Tevanian, Jon Rubinstein, Ed Woolard, Larry Ellison, Fred Anderson, email from Gina Smith. Sheff; Brent Schlender, “Something’s Rotten in Cupertino,” Fortune, Mar. 3, 1997; Dan Gillmore, “Apple’s Prospects Better Than Its CEO’s Speech,” San Jose Mercury News, Jan. 13, 1997; Carlton, 414–416, 425; Malone, 531; Deutschman, 241–245; Amelio, 219, 238–247, 261; Linzmayer, 201; Kaitlin Quistgaard, “Apple Spins Off Newton,” Wired.com, May 22, 1997; Louise Kehoe, “Doubts Grow about Leadership at Apple,” Financial Times, Feb. 25, 1997; Dan Gillmore, “Ellison Mulls Apple Bid,” San Jose Mercury News, Mar. 27, 1997; Lawrence Fischer, “Oracle Seeks Public Views on Possible Bid for Apple,” New York Times, Mar. 28, 1997; Mike Barnicle, “Roadkill on the Info Highway,” Boston Globe, Aug. 5, 1997.
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