Mss Eur. D567, “The Afghan War 1879–1880’, papers of Henry Durand Baker.
Mss Eur. D625, Colonel Sir William Lockyer Mereweather.
Mss Eur. D1227, typescripts of Lord Minto’s letters and journals from the 2nd Afghan War.
Mss Eur. F108, the papers of Field Marshal Sir George White.
Mss Eur. F206/312, Macnabb papers.
Mss Eur. F234/10, letters from Viscount Wolseley, Earl Roberts, Marquess of Lansdowne to Sir M. Grant Duff
Mss Eur. F234/99, confidential papers, Madras 1881-6.
IOR/L/L/2, Lady Roberts’s home estate, Murree, Rawalpindi: deeds granting estate to government of India for hospitals.
L/MIL/17/5/1613, Short Report on the Important Questions dealt with during the tenure of Command of the Army in India by General Lord Roberts 1885–1893, Simla, 1893.
L/MIL/5/678-688, military correspondence, 2nd Afghan War.
L/MIL/17/14/35, ‘Papers relating to Major General Roberts in the Khost Valley’.
L/P & S20/MEMO2, MEM03 and MEM05. ‘Papers relative to Afghanistan’.
British Library: Additional Manuscripts
Add Mss 43,607,43,608 and 43,574, Ripon papers: items relating to the 2nd Afghan War.
National Army Museum
NAM 2005-12 Badcock papers.
NAM 7804-76 Baker papers.
NAM 8704-35 Ellison papers.
NAM 8304-32 Charles Gough papers.
NAM 8108-9 Haines papers.
NAM 5504 & 7101-23 Roberts papers.
NAM 8112-54 Warre papers.
National Archives (formerly the Public Record Office)
WO106/163, The Campaign in Afghanistan 1879–80.
WO106/167, Badcock’s report on supplies at Kabul and on Kandahar march 1879–80.
WO 138/53, Field Marshal Lord Roberts’s service record.
W0158/1, Lord Roberts’s death and funeral.
National Library of Scotland
Minto papers, letters from Lord and Lady Roberts.
Library of the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS)
PP SS 55, papers of Sir Henry Mortimer Durand.
Primary Printed Sources, Contemporary Accounts and Works Containing Documents
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Birdwood, Field Marshal Lord, Khaki and Gown London and Melborne, 1941.
Blood, General Sir Bindon, Four Score Years and Ten, London, 1933.
Brett, Maurice V. (ed.), Journal and Letters of Reginald Viscount Esher, 4 vols, London, 1934-8.
Burne, Major General Sir Owen Tudor, GCIE KCSI, Memories, London, 1907.
Candler, Edmund, The Sepoy, London, 1919.
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—, ‘Two years under Field Marshal Sir Donald Stewart in Afghanistan 1878-80,’ original publication in Blackwoods Magazine, Edinburgh, 1902, pp. 255-63.
Colquhoun, Major J.A.S, With the Kurram Field Force 1878-79, London, 1881.
Duke, Joshua, Recollections of the Kabul Campaign, 1879 & 1880, London, 1883. (Roberts’s own copy with inscription by author, 1 June 1883, and ‘Presented to Joint Services Staff College by The Countess Roberts of Kandahar, Pretoria and Waterford’.)
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Roberts, Field Marshal Lord, Forty-one Years in India: from Subaltern to Commander-in-Chief, 2 vols, London, 1897.
Roberts, Fred., Letters written during the Indian Mutiny by Fred. Roberts. Afterwards Field Marshal Earl Roberts, with a preface by his daughter Countess Roberts, London, 1924.
Robertson, Charles Grey, Kurum, Kabul & Kandahar: Being a brief record of Impressions in three Campaigns under General Roberts, Edinburgh, 1881.
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—, ed., Roberts in India: The Military Papers of Field Marshal Lord Roberts 1876–1893, Army Records Society, Stroud, Glos., 1993.
Soboleff, Major General A.N., The Anglo-Afghan Struggle, translated and condensed from the Russian by Major W.E. Cowan, Calcutta, 1885.
Spenser Wilkinson, Henry, Thirty-Five Years 1874–1909, London, 1933.
Travers, Eaton, ‘Kabul to Kandahar, 1880: Extracts from the diary of Lieutenant E.A. Travers, 2nd PWO Goorkhas’, edited by Major General J.LO. Chappie and Colonel D.R. Wood, JSAHR, vol. 59(1981), pp. 207-28; vol. 60 (1982), pp. 35-43.
Trousdale, William, War in Afghanistan 1879-80: The Personal Diary of Major General Sir Charles Metcalfe MacGregor, Detroit, 1985.
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1. Lieutenant General Sir Frederick Roberts at the end of the 2nd Afghan War painted by W.W. Ouless. Without the help of his old friend Donald Stewart and his former critic, the Viceroy Lord Ripon, he might not have had the chance to win Victorian immortality by his march to Kandahar. (Royal Artillery Mess, Larkhill)
2. Earl Lytton, Viceroy of India, 1876-1880. Roberts’s most important patron is usually judged a failure, despite his imagination and lack
of racial prejudice. Famine and war damned his viceroyalty. (British Library, Lee-Warner Collection)
3. The Marquess of Ripon. Lytton’s successor, a very different man, favoured Indian aspirations, but inherited a war from which he escaped with honour by sending Roberts on his most famous march. (British Library, Lee-Warner Collection)
4. Tribal towers of the Afridis in the Khyber Pass. The houses are towers built as little fortifications, the doors being 10 to 15 feet above the ground and approached by means of a rope ladder which can be pulled up at a moment’s notice.’(British Library, India Office Collection)
5. The 8th of Foot, the King’s (Liverpool) Regiment, threads its way up the Peiwar Kotal. The overwhelming setting for Roberts’s first victory is well caught in a sketch by Colonel Gordon for the Illustrated London News of 15 February 1879. (Mary Evans Picture Library)
6. A rather immature watercolour by Philip Francis Durham (1852-1932) of the Battle of Futtebad, 2 April 1879, may serve for many Afghan War engagements. Indians and British in orderly lines in the valleys await the onslaught of a myriad of Afghans surging down from the heights. Here Brigadier Charles Gough was clever enough to lure the enemy out of their positions while keeping his strength hidden. (British Library, India Office Collection)
7. Gatling guns. British and Indians enjoyed superior military technology throughout the war, except possibly in artillery, but the Gatling guns proved a disappointment despite the efforts of armourers to put them in fighting trim. (National Army Museum, the Roberts Collection)
8. The Bala Hissar and burnt-out Residency. The picturesque fortress was indefensible against modern weapons. Skulls, heaps of bones, bloodstains and bullet holes were evidence of the fate of Cavagnari and his comrades, British and Indian. (National Army Museum, the Roberts Collection)
9. The execution of the Kotwal (Chief Constable) of Kabul, sketched from the Illustrated London News of 3 January 1880 The Kotwal may indeed have played a part in dishonouring the corpses of Cavagnari and his escort from the Corps of Guides, but Roberts’s executions stirred up a political storm in India and England. (Mary Evans Picture Library)
10. Roberts’s fortified camp at Sherpur. Gaps in the defences were hastily filled by improvised means, but the strong men behind them proved sufficient to withstand an all-out Afghan attack just before Christmas 1879. (National Army Museum, Roberts papers)
The March to Kandahar- Roberts in Afghanistan Page 23