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The Ministry of Truth

Page 45

by Dorian Lynskey


  See also cold war; post-war era; Russia; World War II

  Spanish Civil War, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  foreign fighters, ref1, ref2

  GO’s accounts, ref1, ref2

  Koestler’s imprisonment, ref1

  left-wing factions, ref1, ref2

  May Days crisis, ref1

  propaganda and lies, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Republican defeat, ref1

  The Spanish Cockpit (Borkenau), ref1, ref2

  The Special Collection (Allbeury), ref1

  speculative fiction, ref1, ref2 See also dystopian fiction

  Spencer, Herbert, ref1

  Spender, Natasha, ref1

  Spender, Stephen, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

  anti-communism, ref1

  Encounter magazine, ref1

  on GO, ref1, ref2

  Spanish Civil War, ref1, ref2

  “Spilling the Spanish Beans” (Orwell), ref1

  Spirit, ref1

  Spurling, Hilary, ref1, ref2

  Stalin, Joseph, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

  Animal Farm’s depiction, ref1, ref2

  cold war, ref1, ref2

  death, ref1

  Great Terror, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  lies and disinformation, ref1, ref2, ref3

  twenty-first century reputation, ref1

  Wells’s meeting, ref1

  Stalinism, ref1, ref2 See also Soviet Union

  Stamos, Alex, ref1

  Stapledon, Olaf, ref1

  St. Cyprian’s, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Stein, Sol, ref1

  Steiner, George, ref1

  Sterling, Jan, ref1

  Stirling, David, ref1

  Stokes, Geoffrey, ref1

  Storm Jameson, Margaret, ref1, ref2

  “A Story of Days to Come” (Wells), ref1, ref2

  Stowe, Harriet Beecher, ref1

  Strachey, John, ref1, ref2

  Strauss, George, ref1

  Striker, Eva, ref1

  The Struggle for Power (Burnham), ref1

  Strummer, Joe, ref1

  Struve, Gleb, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Sub-Coelum: A Sky-Built Human World (Russell), ref1

  “Such, Such Were the Joys” (Orwell), ref1

  Super Sad True Love Story (Shteyngart), ref1

  Surkov, Vladislav, ref1

  Swastika Night (Constantine), ref1

  Swift, Jonathan, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Swingler, Randall, ref1

  Sykes, Christopher, ref1

  Sylvester, David, ref1

  Symons, Julian, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

  Szewczenko, Ihor, ref1

  Take Back Your Freedom (Holtby), ref1, ref2

  Talmey, Allene, ref1

  Tammany Hall, ref1

  Tawney, R. H., ref1

  Taylor, Frederick Winslow, ref1

  technology

  computer technology and data, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  disinformation during US elections, ref1

  the internet, ref1

  media and propaganda, ref1, ref2

  television, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Templeton, William, ref1

  Tempo Presente magazine, ref1

  The Terminator, ref1

  The Testaments (Atwood), ref1

  “Testify” (Rage Against the Machine), ref1

  Thatcher, Margaret, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Things to Come (Wells), ref1, ref2

  Thirteen O’Clock (Clarke), ref1

  The Thirties (Muggeridge), ref1

  Thom, Françoise, ref1

  Thomas, Brent, ref1

  Thomas, Dylan, ref1, ref2

  Thompson, Dorothy, ref1

  Thoreau, Henry David, ref1

  THX 1138 (Lucas), ref1, ref2

  The Time Machine (Wells), ref1, ref2

  Time & Tide magazine, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Time Travel: A History (Gleick), ref1

  Tolstoy, Aleksey, ref1

  Tolstoy, Leo, ref1

  Tono-Bungay (Wells), ref1

  Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy (Friedrich and Brzezinski), ref1

  The Totalitarian Enemy (Borkenau), ref1

  totalitarianism, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Arendt’s explorations, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Atwood’s feminist perspective, ref1, ref2

  Burnham’s views, ref1

  demise of objective truth, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

  fall of the Soviet Union, ref1

  fetish for data, ref1

  GO’s explorations, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  infallible leaders, ref1, ref2

  media, ref1, ref2

  performance of power, ref1

  post-war pessimism, ref1, ref2

  racism and nationalism, ref1

  See also capitalism; communism; fascism; propaganda and lies

  To Tell the Truth (Williams-Ellis), ref1

  “To Whom This May Come” (Bellamy), ref1

  Trans-Siberian Railway, ref1

  Tribune, ref1, ref2, ref3

  GO’s columns, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

  political affiliation, ref1, ref2

  Trilling, Lionel, ref1, ref2

  Trotsky, Leon, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

  assassination, ref1

  The Revolution Betrayed, ref1

  Trotskyists, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Troughton, Patrick, ref1

  Truman, Harry, ref1

  Truman Doctrine, ref1

  Trump, Donald J., ref1, ref2

  Tuccille, Jerome, ref1

  Turner, Frederick Jackson, ref1

  Twain, Mark, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Tweed, Boss, ref1

  twenty-first century, ref1, ref2, ref3

  alternative facts and Medium-Sized Lies, ref1, ref2

  Chinese censorship, ref1

  computer technology and data, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  conspiracy theories, ref1

  dystopian fiction, ref1

  new productions of Nineteen Eighty-Four, ref1

  Putin’s Russia, ref1, ref2

  reality television, ref1, ref2

  Syria’s al-Assad, ref1

  war on terror, ref1

  2112 (Rush), ref1

  Twilight Bar (Koestler), ref1

  2000 AD comic, ref1, ref2

  Under Western Eyes (Conrad), ref1

  Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC), ref1

  Unison Committee for Action, ref1

  United Automobile Workers, ref1

  United States, ref1

  alternative facts, ref1

  CIA, ref1, ref2

  conspiracy theories, ref1

  FBI, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Marshall Plan, ref1

  McCarthyism, ref1

  NSA surveillance, ref1, ref2

  Orwell in popular culture, ref1, ref2

  Pledge of Allegiance, ref1

  Red Scare of 1919, 207

  Russian election interference, ref1

  September 11, 2001, attacks, ref1

  Truman Doctrine, ref1

  war on terror, ref1

  See also cold war; post-war era

  United States Information Agency, ref1, ref2

  An Unknown Land (Samuel), ref1, ref2

  Utopia (More), ref1

  Utopia in Power (Heller and Nekrich), ref1

  utopian fiction, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Bellamy’s socialist portrayals, ref1, ref2

  Black American portrayals, ref1

  conservative forms, ref1

  countercultural politics, ref1

  feminist forms, ref1

  GO’s critiques of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Plato’s Republic, ref1

  pre-totalitarian notions, ref1

  Soviet realism, ref1

  Wells’s portrayals, ref1, ref2

  Van Halen,
ref1

  Venclova, Tomas, ref1

  Verne, Jules, ref1, ref2

  V for Vendetta, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Vinton, Arthur Dudley, ref1

  The Vital Center (Schlesinger), ref1

  Voice radio program, ref1

  Volya Rossii magazine, ref1

  Vonnegut, Kurt, ref1, ref2

  Wagner, John, ref1

  “Wake Up (It’s 1984)” (Oingo Boingo), ref1

  Walden Two (Skinner), ref1

  Walker, Walter, ref1

  Wall-E movie, ref1

  Walsh, James, ref1, ref2

  Warburg, Fredric, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

  anti-communism, ref1

  on GO’s health, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Home Guard, ref1

  on Nineteen Eighty-Four, ref1

  publishing of GO, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

  The War in the Air (Wells), ref1, ref2, ref3

  The War of the Worlds (Wells), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  war on terror, ref1

  Warrior anthology, ref1

  “The War That Will End War” (Wells), ref1

  Watkins, Peter, ref1

  Watson, Peter, ref1

  Watson, Susan, ref1, ref2

  Waugh, Evelyn, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Wayne, Milton, ref1

  We (Zamyatin), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  GO’s reviews, ref1, ref2, ref3

  narrator D-530, ref1, ref2, ref3

  publication, ref1, ref2

  Rand’s works and, ref1

  Soviet censorship, ref1, ref2

  “We Are the Dead” (Bowie), ref1

  Webb, Beatrice, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Webb, Sidney, ref1

  The Web of Subversion: Underground Networks in the US Government (Burnham), ref1

  Welles, Orson, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Wells, H. G., ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

  apocalyptic fantasies, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  critical response to, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  death and obituaries, ref1

  “Declaration of the Rights of Man,” ref1

  fame and influence, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

  futuristic science fiction, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

  GO on, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

  Human Ecology, ref1

  Huxley and, ref1

  on Lang’s Metropolis, ref1

  romantic relationships and offspring, ref1, ref2

  Russian publication, ref1

  on socialism, ref1

  visits to Soviet Union, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  World War I, ref1

  Wells, Jane, ref1

  “Wells, Hitler and the World State” (Orwell), ref1

  Wellsian (as term), ref1

  West, Anthony, ref1

  West, Rebecca, ref1, ref2

  We Will Rock You (Queen), ref1

  “What Is Socialism?” (Orwell), ref1

  When the Sleeper Wakes (Wells), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Whiteread, Rachel, ref1

  Whitman, Walt, ref1, ref2

  Who’s Afraid of 1984? (Tuccille), ref1

  “Why I Write” (Orwell), ref1

  The Wild Boys: A Book of the Dead (Burroughs), ref1

  Wilde, Oscar, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Willard, Frances, ref1, ref2

  Williams, Raymond, ref1

  Williams, Rushbrook, ref1

  Williams-Ellis, Amabel, ref1

  Williamson, James, ref1

  Willmett, Noel, ref1

  “Will the Soviet Union Survive Until 1984?” (Amalrik), ref1

  Wilson, Edmund, ref1

  Wilson, Harold, ref1

  Winston Smith (character), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  arrest, interrogation, and confession, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  birth and background, ref1, ref2

  chocolate, ref1

  fictional Comrade Ogilvy, ref1, ref2, ref3

  film portrayal, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  helplessness and pessimism, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Julia, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  mental status, ref1, ref2

  name “6079 Smith W.,” ref1, ref2

  O’Brien, ref1, ref2

  physical decay, ref1

  proles, ref1, ref2

  rats, ref1

  revolutionary plans, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  rewriting of history, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

  Wodehouse, P. G., ref1

  Wolff, Lothar, ref1

  Woman on the Edge of Time (Piercy), ref1

  The Woman Who Could Not Die (Beausobre), ref1

  Wonder, Stevie, ref1, ref2

  Wood, Kingsley, ref1

  Woodcock, George, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

  Woodward, Edward, ref1

  Wootton, Barbara, ref1

  The World a Department Store (Peck), ref1

  “Worldlink 2029” (Brewin), ref1

  The World Set Free (Wells), ref1, ref2

  World Trade Center, ref1

  World War I, ref1

  World War II, ref1, ref2

  Allied successes, ref1, ref2, ref3

  the Blitz, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Britain’s declaration of war and phony war, ref1

  Dunkirk evacuation, ref1

  German surrender, ref1

  Germany’s Black Book, ref1

  GO’s evolving response to, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  GO’s journalism, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Home Guard, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Japanese surrender, ref1

  Nazi-Soviet Pact, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  nuclear weapons, ref1

  post-war planning, ref1

  war crime trials and punishments, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Worsthorne, Peregrine, ref1, ref2

  Wright, Richard, ref1, ref2

  “Writers and Leviathan” (Orwell), ref1

  Wyatt, Woodrow, ref1, ref2

  Wyman, George, ref1

  X, Malcolm, ref1

  Yagoda, Genrikh, ref1, ref2

  Yakovlev, Aleksandr Nikolaevich, ref1, ref2

  The Year 2440: A Dream If Ever There Was One (Mercier), ref1

  “Year Nine” (Connolly), ref1

  Yeats, William Butler, ref1

  Yorke, Thom, ref1

  “You and the Atom Bomb” (Orwell), ref1

  Young, George Kennedy, ref1

  Young, Michael, ref1

  Young Americans (Bowie), ref1

  Zamyatin, Yevgeny, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

  official censure and exile, ref1, ref2

  political engagement, ref1

  We, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Zilliacus, Konni, ref1, ref2

  Żuławski, Jerzy, ref1

  ILLUSTRATION CREDITS

  ARRANGED BY INSERT PAGE.

  Bellamy Historical/Getty Images

  Wells and Welles Bettmann/Getty Images

  Huxley Edward Gooch Collection/Stringer/Getty Images

  Koestler National Portrait Gallery, London

  POUM militia The Orwell Archive, UCL Library Services, Special Collections

  Eileen Blair The Orwell Archive, UCL Library Services, Special Collections

  Orwell and colleagues BBC Photo Library

  BBC building BBC Photo Library

  Orwell at home Vernon Richards Estate

  Barnhill The Orwell Archive, UCL Library Services, Special Collections

  Sonia Blair ullstein bild Dtl./Getty Images

  Pleasence and Cushing ullstein bild/Getty Images

  Eddie Albert CBS Photo Archive/Getty Images

  Bowie Terry O’Neill/Iconic Images/Getty Images

  Jonathan Pryce Embassy International Pictures/Sunset Boulevard/Corbis/Getty Images

  Planned Parenthood SAUL LOEB/AFP/Getty Images

  All other images are either
courtesy of the author or public domain.

  LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

  Edward Bellamy, author of Looking Backward 2000–1887

  H. G. Wells meets Orson Welles at a radio station in San Antonio, Texas, October 28, 1940.

  Yevgeny Zamyatin, author of We

  Aldous Huxley, author of Brave New World

  Arthur Koestler, author of Darkness at Noon and Orwell’s friend

  The POUM militia at the Lenin barracks in Barcelona, early 1937

  Orwell’s first wife, Eileen Blair (née O’Shaughnessy), photographed in 1938

  Recording the second episode of the poetry programme Voice for the BBC’s Eastern Service, September 8, 1942. Clockwise from left: George Woodcock, Mulk Raj Anand, George Orwell, William Empson, Edmund Blunden and Herbert Read

  The statue of Orwell that stands outside the BBC’s Broadcasting House in Portland Place, London

  The BBC in 1932

  Orwell at home, 27b Canonbury Square, London, October or November 1945

  Barnhill, the farmhouse on Jura where Orwell wrote Nineteen Eighty-Four

  Fredric Warburg, Orwell’s British publisher

  Orwell’s second wife, Sonia Blair (née Brownell), at the premiere of the Animal Farm movie, December 1954

  The Secker & Warburg first edition, 1949

  In 2018 the Signet Classics edition sold 270,000 copies in the United States.

  Donald Pleasence as Syme and Peter Cushing as Winston in the BBC adaptation, broadcast December 12, 1954

  Eddie Albert as Winston in the CBS Studio One version, broadcast September 21, 1953

  Poster for the 1956 movie version

  David Bowie with his band during the Diamond Dogs tour, Los Angeles, 1974

  The “1984” commercial for the Apple Macintosh, conceived by Chiat/Day and directed by Ridley Scott

  John Hurt as Winston (left) in the 1984 movie version, directed by Michael Radford

  Jonathan Pryce as Sam Lowry in Brazil, directed by Terry Gilliam

  Hugo Weaving as V in the 2005 movie V for Vendetta, directed by James McTeigue

  Planned Parenthood supporters dress as characters from The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood to protest the Republican Party’s healthcare bill in Washington, DC, June 2017.

  Edward Bellamy, author of Looking Backward 2000–1887

  H. G. Wells meets Orson Welles at a radio station in San Antonio, Texas, October 28, 1940.

  Yevgeny Zamyatin, author of We

  Aldous Huxley, author of Brave New World

  Arthur Koestler, author of Darkness at Noon and Orwell’s friend

 

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