Parisians: An Adventure History of Paris
Page 45
1805
First consistent numbering and naming of Paris streets.
1811
Creation of Brigade de la Sûreté.
1814
31 March–Paris occupied by Allied armies.
11 April–First abdication of Napoleon.
May–First Restoration.
1815
18 June–Battle of Waterloo.
9 July–Second Restoration.
1815–24
Reign of Louis XVIII.
1824
Accession of Charles X.
1828
First successful omnibus service in Paris.
1829
Rue de la Paix becomes the first gas-lit street in Paris.
1830
July Revolution; abdication of Charles X; coronation of Louis-Philippe.
1832
March–September–Cholera epidemic.
June–Repression of popular revolt.
1833–48
C.-P. Barthelot de Rambuteau Prefect of the Seine département: renovation and completion of squares and monuments, provision of public fountains, the first tarmac-covered streets and the first street urinals (vespasiennes).
1834
14 April–Popular insurrection: massacre of men, women and children at 12, Rue Transnonain by the National Guard.
1837
First railway station in Paris: 124, Rue Saint-Lazare.
1841
Population: 935,000 (50% born in Paris; almost 3% of French citizens live in Paris).
1841–44
Adolphe Thiers’s ring of fortifications.
1843
Île Louviers joined to the Right Bank of the Seine.
1845–64
Renovation of Notre-Dame by Viollet-le-Duc (inaugurated on Christmas Day, 1862).
1848
February Revolution. June–Repression of popular revolt.
1851
2 December–Coup d’état of Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (Emperor Napoleon III, 1852–70).
1853–70
Georges-Eugène Haussmann Prefect of the Seine département: 20,000c houses demolished; 44,000 houses and apartment blocks built; roads widened and network extended by 106 km (including four new bridges and 664 km of trottoirs); 21,000 more street-lights; drainage system increased from 107 to 561 km; three new parks and eight ‘squares’ thirteen new churches and two synagogues; five new theatres.
1854–57
Landscaping of Champs-Élysées and Bois de Boulogne.
1855
21 September–Haussmann’s circular on the harmonization of Paris: all buildings in the same block to have the same continuous balconies, cornices and roofs.
1855–59
Creation of a north–south axis from the Gare de l’Est to the Observatoire. (Inauguration of Boulevard de Sébastopol: 5 April 1858.)
1859
November–Annexation of suburban communes and reorganization of Paris into twenty arrondissements. Population before annexation: 1,174,000; after: 1,696,000(4.6% of French population). Land area: 78.02 km2.
1850s and 60s
Grands magasins (department stores): Bon Marché (1852), Grands Magasins du Louvre (1855), Bazar de l’Hôtel de Ville (1860), Printemps (1865), Belle Jardinière (1866), Samaritaine (1869).
1860–68
Bibliothèque Nationale, by Henri Labrouste.
1865–66
Demolitions on the Île de la Cité, whose resident population falls from 20,000 to 5,000.
1866
Pneumatic post network (until 1984).
1870
September–Defeat of France by Prussia at Sedan; Siege of Paris; proclamation of Third Republic.
1871
March–Election of Paris Commune; National Government at Versailles. May–Destruction of Hôtel de Ville (rebuilt 1874–82) and Tuileries Palace (not rebuilt); defeat of Commune by government troops.
1875
Inauguration of Opéra designed by Charles Garnier (Avenue de l’Opéra completed 1878).
1875–1914
Building of Sacré-Cœur basilica at Montmartre.
1879
National Government returns from Versailles to Paris.
1889
Universal Exhibition and inauguration of Eiffel Tower.
1891
15 March–Paris time imposed on the rest of France.
1895
December–First public screening of motion pictures, by the Lumière brothers, at the Grand Café, Boulevard des Capucines.
1898
13 January–Zola’s letter on the Dreyfus Affair.
1900
April–November–Universal Exhibition; inauguration of Gare d’Orsay, Grand and Petit Palais, Pont Alexandre III. 19 July–Opening of first Métro line in Paris.
1903
July–The first Tour de France bicycle race begins and ends in Paris suburbs.
1906 and 1919
Îlots insalubres identified for slum clearance.
1910
January–Worst flooding since 1658. 4 November–Opening of first Nord–Sud underground railway line.
1911
Population: 2,888,000 (7.3% of French population; 18%, including suburbs).
1914
31 July–Assassination of Jean Jaurès at Café du Croissant.
1 August–France orders general mobilization.
30 August–First aerial bombardment of Paris (Gare de l’Est).
1915
20–21 March and 29 January 1916–Zeppelin raids on Paris.
1918
January–September: Occasional bombardment by Gothas and long-range cannon. 11 November–Armistice.
1919
Opening of Le Bourget airport. Demolition of Thiers’s fortifications begins.
1921
Population: 2,906,000 (7.4% of French population; 15%, including suburbs).
1925
Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes.
1930
Land area (now including Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes): 105.4 km2.
1937
International Exhibition and inauguration of Palais de Chaillot.
1939
3 September–Declaration of war.
1940
June–German army enters Paris; French government leaves for Tours, then Bordeaux.
July–Establishment of Vichy régime. Paris, in the Occupied Zone, remains the capital of France.
1942
July–‘Rafle du Vel’ d’Hiv’ (biggest round-up of Jews in Paris).
1944
August–Liberation of Paris.
1946
Population: 2,725,000 (6.8% of French population); of Seine département: 4,776,000.
1950
Creation of HLMs (rent-controlled public housing) and the first ‘dormitory towns’ opening of new Port of Paris at Gennevilliers.
1952
Orly replaces Le Bourget as the main civil airport for Paris.
1958–
Development of business quarter, La Défense.
1959–69
Presidency of Charles de Gaulle.
1961
Creation of ‘District de la Région Parisienne’ (renamed ‘Île-de-France’, after the former province, in 1976).
17 October–Massacre of Algerians by Paris police.
1962
July–Algeria granted independence. 4 August–Loi Malraux creates conservation areas in central Paris. 22 August–Attempted assassination of President de Gaulle at Petit-Clamart.
1964
July–Seine département divided into Paris, Seine-Saint-Denis, Val-de-Marne and Hauts-de-Seine.
1965
‘Schéma Directeur de la Région Parisienne’: creation of five satellite ‘villes nouvelles’–Cergy-Pontoise, Évry, Marne-la-Vallée, Melun-Sénart and Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines.
1968
May–June–Student protests and general strike.<
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1969
Work begins on Tour Montparnasse (completed 1972) and a regional express train network (RER); the central markets, Les Halles, moved out to Rungis.
1969–74
Presidency of Georges Pompidou.
1973
Completion of Boulevard Périphérique.
1974
Opening of Roissy-Charles de Gaulle airport.
1974–81
Presidency of Valéry Giscard d’Estaing.
1975
Population of Paris: 2,317,000; of metropolitan area: 9,879,000 (4.4% and 18.7% of French population). 1 July–Launch of flat-rate ticket for entire Paris transport network (Carte orange).
1977
31 January–Centre Georges-Pompidou (‘le Beaubourg’).
28 February–Height limit of twenty-five metres imposed on all new buildings in central Paris.
March–Jacques Chirac first Mayor of Paris since 1871.
1979
Demolition of wine warehouses at Bercy.September–Forum des Halles.
1981–95
Presidency of François Mitterrand.
1981
September–First TGV rail service: Paris–Lyon.
1984–87
Parc de la Villette.
1986
December–Musée d’Orsay.
1989
March–Grand Louvre and Pyramid.
July–Opéra Bastille.
1991
Discovery of neolithic tools and dugouts at Bercy.
1992
April–Opening of Disneyland Paris.
1994
14 November–The first Eurostar train leaves the Gare du Nord for London Waterloo.
1995–2007
Presidency of Jacques Chirac.
1996
December–Opening of Bibliothèque Nationale de France.
1998
12 July–French national football team wins the World Cup in the Stade de France at Saint-Denis.
1999
Population: 2,125,000; of metropolitan area (Île-de-France): 10,947,000 (18.7% of French population; 6.9% born outside European Community).
2001–
Bertrand Delanoë Mayor of Paris.
2002
July–August–‘Paris-Plage’: creation of temporary ‘beaches’ on the banks of the Seine.
2005
October–November–Popular revolt in the banlieue and in towns and cities throughout France.
2006
March–The Sorbonne occupied by students; evacuated by CRS. 2007–Presidency of Nicolas Sarkozy.
2007
July–Introduction of Vélib bike rental scheme.
2008
1 January–Smoking banned in cafés and restaurants.
2010
Projected completion of Périphérique de l’Île-de-France.
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ONE NIGHT AT THE PALAIS-ROYAL
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THE MAN WHO SAVED PARIS
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LOST
Maps: Roussel, Paris, ses fauxbourgs et ses environs (1730); Louis Bretez (‘Plan Turgot’), 1739; Guillaume Dheulland, Ville, Cité et Université de Paris (1756?); Jean Delagrive, Plan de Paris (1761); Robert de Vaugondy, Plan de la ville et des faubourgs de Paris (1771); Hurtaut and Magny, ‘Plan de la ville et fauxbourgs de Paris’, in Dictionnaire historique […] (1779) Edme Verniquet (see Pronteau, below).