by Bruce Catton
Slaves: contrabands, 398-401, 426, 428; field hands, 5, 83; master, 86; value of, 105. See also Negroes
Slemmer, Adam J., 276
Slidell, John, 3, 5
Smedes, William C, 169
Smith, Caleb, 58-59, 62; Fort Sumter, 287; Secretary of the Interior, U. S., 248
Smith, Edmund, 406, 462
Smugglers, 333
Snyder, G. W., 324
Society: free. 209; pre-Civil War, 79; Tennessee, 367
"Some Thoughts for the President's Consideration," 290-91. See also Seward, memorandum
Songs, 190, 355: "Bonnie Blue Flag, The," 190; campaign, 92-93, 111; "Despot's heel is on thy shore! Maryland!, The." 355: election of 1860, 92-93, 111; "Oh Isn't He a Darlins," 55; "Yankee Doodle," 326
"Sons of the South," 112
Soule, Pierre, 75
South: alternatives, 100; blockade of, 262-63, 437, 442; border states. See Border states; coercion of, 107, 194, 219, 333; commerce, 436-38. See also economy; compromise, 203; as cotton empire, 9; as cotton south, 15, 50; cotton states. See. Cotton states; Davis, 42-43; Deep. See Deep South; Douglas, 11, 37-38, 78, 100, 106, 125; economy, 15, 84, 435-36, 516 n.-17 n.; election of 1860, 95, 100, 104-9, 112-14; Gulf states, 84, 245; independence, 9; industry, 435. See also economy; institutions, 43; intransigence, 43, 79; leaders of, 43; Lincoln, 94, 95, 100, 114, 189, 219-20, 413; middle-South, 193; military supplies, 176; miscalculations of, 88; Mississippi River, 377; new, 237; non-slave holders in, 203, 204; North, attitudes toward, 362; Northern Democrats, 11; old, 237; placating, 52; position of, 105; Scott, 444-45; secession, 93, 107-8, 193-98; Seward, 28, 280; slave states. See Slave states; slavery, 78, 81-82, 84-88, 116; society, as free, 209; transportation system, 377, 438-39; union, own terms for, 43; unionism in, 125, 189, 238, 302, 336-37, 444-45; Unionists, 18; way of life, threat to, 203. See also under name of state South Carolina: arms purchases, 127; Baltimore Democratic conventions, 73, 77; Buchanan, 140; Citadel cadets, 132, 180; commissioners on Federal property cession. See South Carolina commissioners; election of 1860, 107-9, 112; election, state, 128; electors, 108; Federal property, 136, seizure of, 158, 164; Fort Moultrie, 147; Fort Sumter, 147, 153; forts, demand for, 145, seizure of, 158, 164; home guard, 306-7; independence of, Dec. 20, 1860, 133; legislature, 108-9, 112; Manon Artillery Company, 132; military, potential, 132; militia, 155, 185; ordinance of secession, 133, 138, 163; Palmetto Guards, 316; patriotism, national, 283; preparedness, 185; secession, Dec. 24, 1860, 106, 128, 133-40, 145, 237, resolution, 133; response to, 138-40, secession convention, Dec. 17, 1860, 130-33, 136-38, 170, at Columbia, 131-32, at Charleston, 132-33, 134-35, 136-38, election of, 128, 130, 131; Secretary of State, 184; state convention, 106; Unionists, 133; unity of, 237
South Carolina commissioners, 136, 145-46, 157 ff., 161 ff., 171, 175, 178, 489 n. See also Adams, J. H., Barnwell, R. W., and Orr, J. L.
Southern Confederacy, 2, 185, 194, 195. See also Confederate States of America
Southern Literary Messenger, 209
Southern nation, 237. See Confederate States of America South Mountain, Md., 188, 316 Spain, 291
Speaker of the House, U. S., 12, 15-17, 421
Spectators: Baltimore Democratic conventions, 70, 73, 74; Bull Run, first battle of, 464, 465, 466, 470; Charleston Democratic conventions, 24, 31, 33, 37, 61; Fort Sumter, 320
Speed, Joshua, 372
Sprague, William, 456
Springfield, 111.: election of 1860, 91-92, 110-11; Chen-ery House, 217; Lincoln departure from, 217-18
Springfield rifle, 83
Stanton, Edwin M.: Attorney General, 159; Buchanan, 165, 279, 352, cabinet, 173; on Civil War, 352; on corruption, 404; forts issue, 161, 164-65, 172, 279; Lincoln administration, 302, 474; as "little black terrier," 159; Russell, Majors, and Waddell scandal, 174; South Carolina commissioners, 165
Star of the West, 178-83, 188
State conventions: Alabama, 26, 109, 112, 189; Georgia, 112-13; Missouri, 384; South Carolina, 106, 108-9; Southern, 70. See also Secession conventions
State Department. See Confederate Department of State and U. S. State Department
State secession conventions. See Secession conventions
State-sovereignty doctrine, 18
States rights, 55, 480 n.; Federal government attitude, 415; secession, 126; slavery, 127; Stephens on, 46
Steam engine, 82
"Steam gun," 358
Stephens, Alexander, 118, 433; Civil War, 214; Cobb, 211; Douglas, death of, 396-97; election of 1860, 114: on future, 46; Lincoln, 114-15, 119; "Little Pale Star from Georgia, The," 46; Montgomery convention, 207-10; party split, 46; presidential candidate, Confederate, 212; Toombs, 212; Union, 114, 115; Vice-President, Confederate, 213
Stevens, Thaddeus, 54, 427, 433
Stewart, R. M., 195 Stockton, T. H., 419-20 Stokes, James H., 377-78 Stone's River, 79 Stonewall Brigade, 460 Stonewall Jackson, legend of,
459-60. See also Jackson, T.
J.
Stoops, Lewis, 416-17 "Strangers' Guard," 348 Strong, George Templeton, 269 Stuart, James Ewell Brown
(Jeb), 447, 448, 461 Sudley Ford, 457, 465
Sudley Springs, 453, 455, 458
Sullivan's Island, 136, 255, 320
Sumner, Charles, 201, 243, 245; Andrew, 206, 242; Lincoln inaugural, 269; peace conference, 242
Sumner, Edwin V., 218
Supreme Court, U. S. See U. S. Supreme Court
Swett, Leonard, 51, 60
"Swing around the circle," 100
Sykes, George, 466
Taliaferro, William B., 350, 351, 380
Taney, Roger, 266, 269, 352; Merryman case, 359-60
Tappan, Lewis, 2
Tariffs, 84, 91, 209, 239, 258
Taylor, A. S., 364
Taylor, Bayard, 347-48
Telegraph system, 79; Bull Run, 446, 467; Chicago Republican convention, 49; election of 1860, 110; in Texas, loss of, 235
Tennessee: alliance with C.S.A., 367; Baltimore Democratic conventions, 73; eastern, 368; election of 1860, 113; legislature, 194, 202, 367; ordinance of secession, 194; secession, 193-94, 365, 366-68; secession convention, 193; significance of, 368; slavery in, 367; slave states meeting, proposal on, 194-95; society of, 367
Territories: Kansas, 44; slave code, 26; slavery in. See under Slavery
"Terrors of Submission, The," 105
Texas: Charleston Democratic conventions, 26; commissioners, 229, 230, 231; defense of, 235; Department of, 227, 229; legislature, 196; Montgomery convention, 206, 236; Northerners in, 233, ordinance of secession, Feb. 23, 1861, 196, 236; referendum, 229, 236; secession, 193, 196, 228, 233, 235;
secession conventions, 196,
229, 236; seizure of Federal
property, 235; Seward, 289;
Unionism, 230, 236; U. S.
Army in, 228-30, 233-36,
238; value of, 238 Texas Rangers, 235 Textile industry, 82-83, 84 Thatcher's comet of 1861, 428,
431
Thomas, Philip F., 159, 190
Thompson, Jacob, 123, 125, 128, 161, 190
Thompson, M. Jeff, 386
Tickets of leave, 4
Ticknor, George, 339
Tod, David, 74
Toombs, Robert, 200; Baltimore Democratic conventions, 77; character of, 212; Confederate commissioners: to Europe, 341, on cession of Federal property, 269, 296; Fort Sumter, 302; presidential candidate, Confederate, 212-13; Secretary of State, Confederate, 206, 259
Totten, James, 196
Toucey, Isaac, 123, 125, 164, 178
Townsend, E. D., 278
Transportation system, 377, 438-39; Mississippi River, 377; railroads. See Railroads; Russell, Majors, and Wad-dell, 173
Treasury Department, U. S., Secretary of. See U. S. Secretary of the Treasury
Tredegar Iron Works, 327, 438
Tremont Hotel, 51, 57, 60, 65
Trescot, William Henry: Assistant Secretary of State, U. S., 128, 172; on Bull Run, 477; forts issue, 150-51
, 158, 174; Pickens, Gov., 151; resignation, 157
Trumbull, Lyman, 167, 168, 174
Twiggs, David Emanuel, 227,
234, 235; Buchanan, 238;
dismissal of, 238; Scott, 229;
surrender of, 228, 231, 236 Tyler, Daniel, 450, 451, 454,
456, 457, 461
Tyler, John, 240 Tyler, Robert O., 323
Uncle Ben, 298
Uncle Tom's Cabin, 15
Union: Anderson on, 151; Breckinridge on, 109; in Charleston Democratic convention reports, 29; compromise efforts, 201-2; Davis on, 19, 257; Democratic party, 29, 331; Greeley on, 115; Lincoln on, 267; Maryland in, 355-57, 365; pro-Union resolutions, 202; Seward, 364-65; and slavery question, 200; slave states in, 236; South: loyalty to, 189, 366, own terms for, 43; Stephens on, 114, 115; victory, Scott on, 327. See also North and United States of America
Union Army: Bull Run, first battle of: advance, 449-51, 452-53, 455, attack by, 456-62, casualties, 468, 471, 477, discipline, 444, 449-50, 455, 463, leadership, 460, 461, panic, 466, 470, plans of, 443-45, 453-54, reserves, 466-67, retreat, 462-63, 464-65, supplies, loss of, 468; in Maryland, 353; militia, 328, 332, 442, 445, call for, 330-32; as occupation army, 416-17; readiness, state of, 403; Seward, 404; strength of, 421; volunteers, 421, 442, 445. See also U. S. Army
Union Mills Ford, 453
Unionism: Arkansas, 195; Kentucky, 139; Missouri, 389; North Carolina, 194, 366; in South, 125, 189, 238, 302, 336-37, 444-45; in Texas, 230, 236; in Virginia, 409-10. See also Unionists
Unionists: Arkansas, 195; in Buchanan cabinet, 159; in Davis cabinet, 259; Kentucky, 139, 372; Maryland, 139, 356; Missouri, 330, 384 ff.; North Carolina, 194;
St. Louis, 376-77; in South, 18; South Carolina, 133; Texas, 230; Virginia, 335, western, 409-10
Unit rule, 25, 28
United States of America: Kansas, admission of, 193. See also under Kansas; arsenals. See Arsenals; compromise, will to, 45; courts, 112, 125-26; democratic machinery, 78, 130; in 1860, 69; election of 1860, 78, 91-94; federal government: coercion of South, 107, 194, 219, 333, non-intervention, 72, powers of, 125-26, secession, 93, Texas, loss of, 238; federal union, dissolution of, 78; first attack on, 180-81, 183; industrial potential, 83; industrialization of, 83-84; political system, 11, 17, 78, 130; politics in, 11, 15, 68; population, 83; pre-Civil War society, 79; property, 136, seizure of, 156, 164, 187-88, 190, 196, 235, 275, 276, 335-36, 366; race problem, 85; resources, 83; secession, right of, 125-26; slavery 43; South, role in, 44; states rights. See States rights; in transformation, 78-89. See also North, South, and Union
Upton, Emory, 121
U. S. Army, 122, 132; 1st Artillery, 142; 1st Cavalry, 337; 1st Infantry, 229, 234; 2nd Artillery, 195; 2nd Cavalry, 68; 9th Infantry, 180; appropriations, 122; General of the Armies, 172; Lee as commander, 338; officers, former, 260; size, 121, 421; in Texas, 229-30, 233-35. See also Union Army
U. S. Attorney General: Bates, 247; Black, 123; Stanton, 159
U. S. Congress, 12, 41. 238, 263, 331; Thirty-sixth, 13; Thirty-seventh, 418; appropriations, 121, 122, 144;
Buchanan, 121, 151, annual message, 129; compromise efforts, 169, 198-200; Congressional Globe, 23; Corwin amendment, 264; Davis resolutions, 18-19; election, disputed, 31, 48; elections, congressional, 421; electoral vote, count of, 225; Federal property, control over, 164, force bills, 263; Fort Moultrie, 144; Fort Sumter, 144; homestead bill, 23; House of Representatives. See U. S. House of Representatives; Impending Crisis, The, debate, 13, 15-16; lame-duck, 124; Lincoln war message, 421-23; military expenditures, 121, 122, 144; national convention, proposal for, 240; Republican party in, 116; resignations, 128; Senate. See U. S. Senate; on slavery, 29, 55-56, 426-28; special session, July 4, 1861, 418-28; war, debate over, 423-24
U. S. Constitution: Buchanan explanatory amendment, 129; compared with Confederate, 208-9; Corwin amendment, 198-99, 264; Davis, J.* on, 43; Douglas on, 102; failure of, 137; obedience to, 241; Petigra and, 135-36; in Republican platform, 55; South Carolina secession, 133; spirit of, 17; Stephens on, 114; stretching, 352
U. S. House of Representatives: compromise efforts, 198-99; election contest, 47; slave issue, 22-23, 198; speaker, election of, 12-14, 15-17, 421
U. S. Interior Department, 173; Secretary of. See U. S. Secretary of the Interior
U. S. Marines, 41, 269, 461-62
U. S. Navy: appropriations, 23-24, 123; Depot of Charts and Instruments, 429; size, 421
U. S. Navy Department: Fort
Pickens, 277; Fort Sumter, 179; Naval Observitory and Hydrographical Office, 429; Secretary of. See U. S. Secretary of the Navy; slave trade patrol, 80
U. S. Postmaster General: Blair, 247; Holt, 123
U. S. Secretary of the Interior; Kelly, 190; Thompson, 123, 190; Smith, 248
U. S. Secretary of the Navy: Toucey, 123; Welles, 247-48
U. S. Secretary of State: Black, 159; Cass, 123, 159; Seward, 224-25, 247
U. S. Secretary of the Treasury: Cameron, 61: Chase, 247; Cobb, 123, 124, 159; Dix, 190; Thomas. 159, 190
U. S. Secretary of War: Cameron, 248; Davis, J., 185, 234-35; Floyd, 123, 174, 176; Holt, 174. 176
U. S. Senate: Committee on Military Affairs, 122; Crittenden proposal, 199; expulsion of Southern members, 424; homestead bill, 23; Lincoln cabinet, 263. 273; resignations, 112, 191-93; slavery, 16-17; Southern rights code, 42
U. S. Supreme Court, 30, 34 U. S. War Department: Bull Run, after defeat at, 472; enlistment quotas, 332; forts, 141, 178-79; Harney. 386; home guard, 225; mails, use of, 229, 234; organization in 1860, 121-22: Russell. Majors, and Waddell, 173; Scott, 172; Texas secession, 229, 234; Twiggs, 229; Washington, protection of, 225
Vallandigham, Clement L., 425 Valtellina, Amalia Majocchi, 291
Vance, Zebnlon, 203 Van Dorn, Earl, 68 Vermont, 62, 77 Vice-Presidents: Breckinridge,
69, 174; Hamlin, 266;
Stephens, 213
Vicksburg, Miss., 214
Villard, Henry, and Lincoln: appearance of, 118; on compromise, 201-2; inauguration, 261; in Washington, 265; Washington journey, 222
Virginia, 166, 409; Baltimore Democratic conventions, 73, 74; call for troops, U. S., 333, 334, 335; Charleston Democratic conventions, 35; Chicago Republican convention, 51, 62; convention of alliance, 363; delay of, 197-98, 333-34; election of 1860, 113; Fort Sumter, trade for, 333; importance of, 196, 333, 368, 409; Lee, R. E., 228, 231-33, 337, 339; legislature, 196-97, 239; Letcher program, 196; ordinance of secession, Apr. 17, 1861, 335, 363; peace convention, 196-97, 239. See also Peace convention; secession, May 23, 1861, 333-35, 365, 392-93; secession convention, 197, 239, 299-300, 328, 335; secessionism, 139; Unionism, 335, 409-10; western. See West Virginia; Yancey, 210
Virginia, C.S.S., 24. See also
Merrimack, U.S.S. Vodges, Israel, 278, 284, 299 Volunteer regiments, Union,
448. See also under name of
state
Wade, Ben, 280
Waite, Carlow A., 229, 233, 234, 235
Walker, Capt. 317
Walker, Leroy Pope, 303. 304, 311, 328; Secretary of War, Confederate, 259
Walker, W. S., 179
Wallace, W. H. L., 202
War of 1812, veterans of, 122, 141, 228
War Department. See Confederate and U. S. War Department; Secretary of. See Con-
federate and U. S. Secretary
of War Warrenton Pike, 452, 453 Washburne, Elihu B., 168, 170,
171
Washington, D.C.: after Baltimore riot, 508 n.; after Bull Run, 469, 470-71, 521 n.; description of, 418; disorders, 225; Lincoln inauguration, 261-62; Lincoln journey to, 217-26; peace convention. See Peace convention; railroad connections, 343, 344, 348, 358, 409; Rebel occupation, 472; slavery in, 401; spies in, 446; troops for, 225, 343-48; Willard's Hotel, 226, 239, 261, 265, 471. See also Columbia, District of
Washington, George, 48, 119, 218
Washington Light Infantry, 152
Washington peace conference. See Peace convention
Watervliet, N. Y., 127
Webb, James W., 171
Webster, Daniel, 69
Weed, Thurlow, 50, 51, 53, 64, 169-70
Weld, Theodore, 2
Welles, Gideon: at Chicago, 54; description of, 285; Fort Pickens, 284; on Fort Sumter, 279, 281; Powhatan incident, 300-1; Secretary of the Navy, U. S., 247-48
Wentworth, Long John, 51, 52, 58
West Point, 122, 255 West Virginia: campaign in, 413, 415-16; legislature, 414; separation of, June 11, 1861, 368, 410-11, 414-15; before statehood, 197-98, 335; Unionism in, 414-15 Wheeling Intelligencer, 410 Whigs, 13, 17, 46, 47, 57, 59,
66, 133, 260 Whiting, W. H. C, 252 Whitman, Walt, 470-71, 521 n. Whitworth gun, English, 321 Wide-Awakes: Chicago Republican convention, 50; election of 1860, 95, 97, 184, 376-77; origin, 90; Springfield, 91
Wigfall, Louis T., 157, 179, 270, 324
Wigfall, Mrs. Louis T., 404-5
Wigwam, 49, 54, 61
Wilkes, Charles, 351
Willard's Hotel, 226, 239, 261, 265, 471
Wilmington, 139, 189
Wilmington Light Infantry, 366
Wilmot, David, 55
Winans, Ross, 358
Winchester, Va., 445, 447, 448
Winthrop, Theodore, 354, 441
Wisconsin, 202, 240
Wise, Henry A., 40-41, 335, 335-36; in West Virginia, 417-18
Wise's Legion, 417
Wood, Fernando, 1, 10; on New York City independence, 199-200, 221
Woodbury, D. P., 463
Woods, Charles R., 180
Worden, John L., 299
Wright, Horatio G., 350, 351
Yancey, William L., 37, 161, 203; Baltimore Democratic conventions, 70, 77-78; border states on, 210; career, 2-3; Charleston Democratic conventions, 31-32, 35-36, 38, 39-40; Confederate commissioners to Europe, 340, 341, 436; and cotton states, 1; on Davis, J., 19, 288; description of, 1; Douglas, 5; election of 1860, 97-99; Montgomery convention, 210, 215-16; New York, 98, 109; Pickens, 253; as Prince of Fire-Eaters, 2; program, 30; resolution, 26; Ruffin, 104-5; on secession, 26; on slavery, 99, 109
Yancey-ism, 11
Yankee, U.S.S., 298
"Yankee Doodle," 326
Yankees, barbarity of, 320-21