by Enss, Chris
Sand Creek Massacre and bravery of, 1
settler disruptions and blood raids by, 1.1-1.2
as settling in Sand Creek, 1.1-1.2 , 2
Southern, 1
surrendering bands of, 1.1-1.2 , 2
Washita land boundary misunderstanding and, 1
White Antelope (Cheyenne chief), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 , 6
See also Black Kettle (Cheyenne chief)
Cheyenne Dog Soldiers See Dog Soldiers
Cheyenne Mission School, 1
Chicago railroad strike, 1
children, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 , 6 , 7.1-7.2
Chisholm Trail, 1.1-1.2
Chivington, Isaac, 1.1-1.2 , 2
Chivington, Isabella, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2
Chivington, Jane, 1.1-1.2
Chivington, John Milton, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 background of, 1.1-1.2
Black Kettle’s camp approached by, 1
Civil War and, 1
community as respecting and fearing, 1.1-1.2
controversial and condemned life of, 1.1-1.2
Custer compared to, 1
damning testimonies against, 1.1-1.2
Democrats as viewed by, 1
denial of atrocities at Sand Creek Massacre by, 1
as disagreeing with Whipple’s article, 1
disgraced name and death of, 1 , 2.1-2.2
divorce of Sarah and, 1
Dog Soldiers as wanting answers from, 1
editorial staff positions, 1.1-1.2
end of military service for volunteers and, 1 , 2
hero’s treatment of, 1 , 2
knowledge of Sand Creek band as peaceful, 1
lawsuits involvement of, 1
as leader in Methodist Episcopal Church, 1.1-1.2
life after Sand Creek Massacre of, 1.1-1.2
marriage and abuse to third wife Isabella, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2
marriage to Rollason, 1
marriage to son’s widow Sarah, 1
mixed views on political ventures of, 1
as mourning deaths of wife and son, 1
personal losses and sufferings of, 1.1-1.2
Plains Indians’ annihilation as planned by, 1.1-1.2
Plains Indians surrender and, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
as preacher, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4
public speaking of, 1.1-1.2
Republican nomination withdrawal of, 1
requests to halt Indian invasion and, 1.1-1.2
rum and whiskey cases destroyed by, 1
Sand Creek Massacre and, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 , 6.1-6.2 , 7 , 8 , 9.1-9.2 , 10.1-10.2 , 11
Sand Creek Massacre and defensive accounts of, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3
slavery issues and, 1.1-1.2
unprovoked attack on Native Americans by, 1.1-1.2 , 2
Chivington, Sarah, 1.1-1.2
“
“civilize the Indians,” 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
C
Civil War, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
clans See Bowstring Society See Dog Soldiers See Elk See 44 Chiefs Societies See Kit Fox See military societies, Cheyenne See specific tribes
Colley, Samuel G., 1
Colley, S. G., 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Colorado Territory, 1
Colorado Volunteers, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4
Comanche, 1
Cometsevah, Colleen, 1 , 2
Cometsevah, Laird, 1 , 2
Committee on Conduct of War, 1
Committee on Indian Affairs, 1.1-1.2
Confederate forces, 1 , 2
Congress, 1.1-1.2
Congressional medal, 1
Conner, Patrick, 1
Corney, Patrick, 1
Cramer, Joseph, 1.1-1.2
Crazy Horse, 1
Curtis, Samuel Ryan, 1 , 2
Custer, George Armstrong, 1 Battle of Washita led by, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4
Battle of Washita victory report by, 1.1-1.2
Chivington, J. M., compared to, 1
Cutler, Harry, 1.1-1.2
D
Davis, Charles A., 1
death tolls Adobe Wall attack, 1
Battle of Julesburg, 1 , 2
Battle of Washita, 1 , 2
Indians and poisoned bread, 1
prisoners’ typho-malarial fever, 1
Sand Creek Massacre, 1 , 2 , 3
Deming, A. M., 1
Deming, Eddie M., 1.1-1.2
Democrats, 1
Department of Kansas, 1
Dodge, G. M., 1
Dog Soldiers, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6.1-6.2 , 7 Bent, George as, 1.1-1.2
Bull Bear (chief of Dog Soldiers), 1.1-1.2
Cheyenne, 1.1-1.2
Julesburg Massacres and, 1.1-1.2
Making Medicine (Dog Soldier) on education, 1.1-1.2
revenge and raids of, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4
Downing and Barrett, 1
Dull Knife, 1
Duncan, William Richard, 1.1-1.2
Dunn, J. P., 1.1-1.2
Dyer, Ida, 1
E
economic growth, 1
education, 1.1-1.2
Ehyophsta See Yellow-Haired Woman
Elk, 1
escape attempts, 1
Eubanks, Isabelle, 1 , 2
Eubanks, Lucinda, 1.1-1.2 , 2
Eubanks family, 1.1-1.2
Evans, John, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4 , 5.1-5.2 , 6 Lincoln as firing, 1
T
The Fighting Cheyenne (Grinnell), 1
“
“Fighting Parson.” See Chivington, John Milton
F
First Colorado Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4 , 5
First Methodist Church, 1.1-1.2
flag, 1 Black Kettle presented with U.S., 1
Black Kettle’s peace attempt by waving U.S., 1 , 2 , 3
Sand Creek Massacre and children waving truce, 1
truce, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2
forces, 1 Confederate, 1 , 2
Lincoln ordering troops as, 1
Union, 1
Fort Marion prison, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 Medicine Water as prisoner and, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6.1-6.2 , 7 , 8
Mochi as prisoner and, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 , 6.1-6.2 , 7 , 8
presentations by Indian prisoners of, 1.1-1.2
Fort Wise treaty, 1.1-1.2 , 2
4
44 Chiefs Societies, 1.1-1.2
F
Four Great Rivers to Cross (Owl-Raban), 1
G
Gatewood, Charles, 1
German, Adelaide, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4.1-4.2 , 5.1-5.2 , 6.1-6.2 memoirs of raid and captivity of, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4.1-4.2 , 5.1-5.2 , 6.1-6.2
German, Joanna, 1.1-1.2
German, John, 1.1-1.2
German, Julia, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4.1-4.2 , 5.1-5.2 , 6.1-6.2
German, Lydia, 1.1-1.2
German, Rebecca Jane, 1.1-1.2
German, Sophia, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 , 6.1-6.2
German, Stephen, 1.1-1.2
German family raid, 1 caretakers for survivors of, 1
Cheyenne Bowstring Society attack on, 1.1-1.2
German girls as identifying Indians of, 1.1-1.2
German's memoirs of captivity and, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2 , 4.1-4.2 , 5.1-5.2 , 6.1-6.2
Medicine Water and, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
Mochi as participant of, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 , 6.1-6.2 , 7 , 8.1-8.2
as identifying Indians of family raid, 1.1-1.2
Medicine Water identified by, 1.1-1.2
Miles’ and rescue of, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6.1-6.2
Gilpin, William, 1
gold, 1.1-1.2
government, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 Bowstring Society and land surveyors of, 1.1-1.2 , 2
Indians on Sand Creek land from, 1.1-1.2
Little Blue River tragedy and, 1.1-1.2
Plains Indians and settlement terms of, 1.1-1.2
reservations and corruption of agents in, 1.1-1.2
Sand Creek Massacre’s non-approval of, 1
Gra
nt, Ulysses S., 1 , 2 , 3
Greasy Nose, 1
Greenwood, A. B., 1
Grey Beard, 1.1-1.2
Grinnell, George Bird, 1
H
Harlow’s Ranch, 1
Hayt, Ezra A., 1.1-1.2
He‘amave’ ho’e See Wise One Above
Heap of Birds (Cheyenne leader), 1
Hennessy, Patrick, 1.1-1.2
Historic site, Sand Creek Massacre, 1.1-1.2
history, oral, 1.1-1.2
homesickness, 1.1-1.2
Homestead Act, 1
horses, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 Sand Creek Massacre and, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4
Howling Water, Jesse, 1
Hungate, Ellen, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
Hungate, Nathan Ward, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
Hungate Massacre, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2 , 3
I
illness, 1
“
“Indian massacre,” 1
I
Indians, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2 agents of, 1
Colorado Volunteers and prisoner exchange with, 1.1-1.2
death toll of poisoned bread, 1
Eubanks, L., accounts of captivity by, 1.1-1.2
as joining forces, 1
oral history as shared memories of, 1.1-1.2
oral history’s value and usage by, 1.1-1.2
Pratt, R. H., and citizenship of, 1
prisoner education of, 1 , 2.1-2.2
Sand Creek as government-given land to, 1.1-1.2
Sand Creek Massacre escape of, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2
Sand Creek Massacre tent locations of, 1
scalp of, 1
settlers raided by, 1
as slaughtering Hungate family, 1.1-1.2
Stowe’s positive observations of, 1.1-1.2
women, 1.1-1.2 , 2
See also Plains Indians See also specific Native American tribes
Indian Wars, 1 , 2 , 3.1-3.2
J
Johnstone, K., 1
Jones, Harry C., 1.1-1.2
Julesburg Massacre, 1 , 2.1-2.2
K
Kelley, Marshall B., 1
Keuchler, John H., 1.1-1.2
Kit Fox, 1
L
Lean Bear of the Cheyenne, 1
Left Hand (Arapaho chief), 1 , 2 , 3
legends, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5
Liberty, Margo, 1
Lincoln, Abraham, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3
Lincoln, Mary Todd, 1
liquor, 1
Little Bear, 1
Little Blue River tragedy Eubanks family attack of, 1.1-1.2
government and, 1.1-1.2
Plains Indians and, 1 , 2.1-2.2
Roper, L., assault and, 1.1-1.2
settlers’ migration as prompting, 1.1-1.2
warfare escalation due to, 1
Little Robe (Cheyenne chief), 1
Little Rock, 1
Lone Bear, 1.1-1.2 , 2
Lone Tree Massacre, 1 , 2.1-2.2
Lowe, Percival G., 1
Lowie, Robert H., 1.1-1.2
Lull, Almira, 1.1-1.2
Lull, John, 1.1-1.2
M
malnutrition, 1
manacles, 1
Manitou Springs, 1
Marble, Danny, 1
marriage Cheyenne’s customs of, 1.1-1.2
Chivington, J. M., and, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2
Mochi and, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2
Martin, Fred, 1 , 2
Massacre of the Mountains (Dunn), 1.1-1.2
Ma-ta-ma, 1.1-1.2
McCook, Alexander, 1.1-1.2
McEachern, Alan, 1
McGee, T. G., 1.1-1.2
medical treatment, 1.1-1.2
Medicine Lodge Creek treaty, 1.1-1.2 Black Kettle and, 1
Cheyenne move to reservations and, 1.1-1.2 , 2
Plains Indians angered by delay of, 1.1-1.2
additional daughters of Mochi and, 1
as Bowstring Society leader, 1.1-1.2
Cheyenne renegade reputation of, 1
death of, 1.1-1.2
German family raid and, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
as identified by German girls, 1.1-1.2
meeting and marriage to Mochi, 1.1-1.2
Mochi’s death and devastation of, 1.1-1.2
as prisoner, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6.1-6.2 , 7 , 8
prison records of, 1.1-1.2
settlers’ continued suffrage and, 1
surrender of Mochi and, 1.1-1.2 , 2
Methodist Episcopal Church, 1 , 2.1-2.2
Mihuh-heuimup See Medicine Water
Miles, John, 1
Miles, Nelson, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4 Congressional medal honor of, 1
German girls’ rescue and, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6.1-6.2
as German sisters guardian, 1
military societies, Cheyenne, 1
missionaries, 1 , 2
Missouri Sioux, 1
Mochi, 1.1-1.2 additional daughters of Medicine Water and, 1
Battle of Washita and, 1 , 2.1-2.2
birth and upbringing of, 1.1-1.2
Cheyenne renegade reputation of, 1
as contracting tuberculosis, 1
death and devastation of Medicine water, 1.1-1.2
as Dog Soldier, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3
fiend-like fierceness of, 1
as identified by German girls, 1.1-1.2
as joining warriors, 1
marriage and, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2
Medicine Water, meeting and marriage to, 1.1-1.2
memories of prophet by, 1.1-1.2
newborn daughter of, 1
as not entertained by prisoners’ presentations, 1
as participating in German Family raid, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 , 6.1-6.2 , 7 , 8.1-8.2
as prisoner, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 , 6.1-6.2 , 7 , 8
prison record of, 1 , 2
as resentful prison cook, 1
as resistant to change, 1.1-1.2
revenge and, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3
Sand Creek Massacre and family of, 1 , 2.1-2.2
storyteller and meeting with, 1.1-1.2
surrender of Medicine Water and, 1.1-1.2 , 2
as survivor of Sand Creek Massacre, 1.1-1.2
Tahnea as idolizing, 1
as taking elder’s advice, 1
vengeance for slain family of, 1.1-1.2 , 2
as weathered and gaunt, 1
Yellow-haired Woman admired by, 1
Moore’s American Ranch, 1
Morning Star, 1
mourners, 1
Mule Smoke, 1
N
Native Americans Chivington, J. M., unprovoked attack on, 1.1-1.2 , 2
Committee on Indian Affairs’ mission for, 1.1-1.2
medical treatment and, 1.1-1.2
release of imprisoned, 1.1-1.2
See also Indians See also specific Native American tribes
Nebraska Conference Church Extension Society, 1
Neva (Arapaho chief), 1.1-1.2
North Platte, 1
“
“nothing lives long,” 1
“only the earth and the mountains,” 1
O
oral history, 1.1-1.2
Overland Trail, 1
Owl-Raben, Ann Strange, 1 , 2
P
peace, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4
peace agreement, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 See also treaties
peace conference, 1.1-1.2
Pike’s Peak, 1 , 2
Plains Indians, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4 Battle of Washita and, 1.1-1.2
Black Kettle’s peace treaty request for, 1.1-1.2 , 2
Cheyenne as friendliest among, 1
Chivington, J. M., and requests to halt invasion on, 1.1-1.2
Chivington, J. M., and surrender of, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
Chivington, J. M., annihilation plan for, 1.1-1.2
Chivington, J. M., as doubting sincerity of, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
Chivington, J. M., questioning total surrender of, 1
conduction of campaign against, 1.1-1.2
economic growth of U.S. and, 1
as Fort Marion prisoners, 1 , 2
government settlement terms and, 1.1-1.2
justifications for actions of, 1
Little Blue River tragedy and, 1 , 2.1-2.2
Medicine Lodge Creek treaty delay and, 1.1-1.2
Red River War reservations' campaign and, 1
Sand Creek Massacre and revenge of, 1
Sand Creek Massacre as changing lives of, 1
Sand Creek Massacre as stirring, 1
surveyors and boundary markings of, 1.1-1.2
tribe population of, 1
U.S. Army’s dwindling supplies to, 1.1-1.2
U.S. as weary of fighting, 1
warrior population of, 1
Whipple’s article on plight of, 1.1-1.2
Plains Indian War, 1
Pollack, Thomas, 1
Pool, R., 1
Pope, John, 1.1-1.2
Pratt, Anna, 1
Pratt, Richard Henry, 1 , 2.1-2.2 Indian citizenship attributed to, 1
Indian prisoner education and, 1 , 2.1-2.2
as Red Man’s Moses, 1
preacher, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3.1-3.2
pregnant women, 1
prison See Fort Marion prison
prisoners, 1.1-1.2 , 2 Bowstring Society and adaptation as, 1.1-1.2
death tolls for typho-malarial fever, 1
education and, 1 , 2.1-2.2
escape attempts of, 1
Fort Marion presentations by Indian, 1.1-1.2
Fort Marion prison and life of, 1.1-1.2 , 2
homesickness and sending family to, 1.1-1.2
illness as continual problem for, 1
Medicine Water as, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6.1-6.2 , 7 , 8
Mochi as, 1 , 2.1-2.2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 , 6.1-6.2 , 7 , 8
release of Native American, 1.1-1.2
reservations and hardships of freed, 1.1-1.2
sale of souvenirs made by, 1.1-1.2
suicide among, 1.1-1.2
R
rape, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 , 4
Red Cloud Agency, 1
Red Hat, Emma, 1
Red Hat, William, Jr., 1
Red Man’s Moses, 1
“
“red rebels,” 1
R
Red River War, 1 , 2
Republican Party, 1 , 2
reservations, 1.1-1.2 , 2 , 3 corruption of government agents and, 1.1-1.2
freed prisoners and hardships on, 1.1-1.2
revenge, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4.1-4.2 , 5 , 6
Rhodes, Arleigh, 1
Richards, Hugh F., 1.1-1.2
Rollason, Martha, 1 , 2
Roman Nose, 1 , 2
Roper, Joseph, 1 , 2 , 3
Roper, Laura Louise, 1.1-1.2 , 2.1-2.2
Roper, Sophia, 1