Lepore, Jill. 2009. “It’s Spreading.” The New Yorker, June 1.
Leroy, E. M., A. Epelboin, V. Mondonge, X. Pourrut, J. P. Gonzalez, J. J. Muyembe-Tamfun, P. Formenty, et al. 2009. “Human Ebola Outbreak Resulting from Direct Exposure to Fruit Bats in Luebo, Democratic Republic of Congo, 2007.” Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 9 (6).
Leroy, Eric M., Brice Kumulungui, Xavier Pourrut, Pierre Rouquet, Alexandre Hassanin, Philippe Yaba, André Délicat, et al. 2005. “Fruit Bats as Reservoirs of Ebola Virus.” Nature, 438.
Leroy, Eric M., Pierre Rouquet, Pierre Formenty, Sandrine Souquière, Annelisa Kilbourne, Jean-Marc Froment, Magdalena Bermejo, et al. 2004. “Multiple Ebola Virus Transmission Events and Rapid Decline of Central African Wildlife.” Science, 303.
Letvin, Norman L., Kathryn A. Eaton, Wayne R. Aldrich, Prabhat K. Sehgal, Beverly J. Blake, Stuart F. Schlossman, Norval W. King, and Ronald D. Hunt. 1983. “Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome in a Colony of Macaque Monkeys.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 80.
Levine, Arnold J. 1992. Viruses. New York: Scientific American Library.
Levy, J. A., A. D. Hoffman, S. M. Kramer, J. A. Landis, J. M. Shimabukuro, and L. S. Oshiro. 1984. “Isolation of Lymphocytopathic Retroviruses from San Francisco Patients with AIDS.” Science, 225.
Li, Wendong, Zhengli Shi, Meng Yu, Wuze Ren, Craig Smith, Jonathan H. Epstein, Hanzhong Wang, et al. 2005. “Bats Are Natural Reservoirs of SARS-like Coronavirus.” Science, 310.
Liang, W., Z. Zhu, J. Guo, Z. Liu, W. Zhou, D. P. Chin, A. Schuchat, et al. 2004. “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Beijing, 2003.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10 (1).
Lillie, R. D. 1930. “Psittacosis: Rickettsia-like Inclusions in Man and in Experimental Animals.” Public Health Reports, 45 (15).
Liu, Weimin, Yingying Li, Gerald H. Learn, Rebecca S. Rudicell, Joel D. Robertson, Brandon F. Keele, Jean-Bosco N. Ndjango, et al. 2010. “Origin of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum in Gorillas.” Nature, 467.
Lloyd-Smith, J. O., S. J. Schreiber, P. E. Kopp, and W. M. Getz. 2005. “Superspreading and the Effect of Individual Variation on Disease Emergence.” Nature, 438.
LoGiudice, Kathleen, Richard S. Ostfeld, Kenneth A. Schmidt, and Felicia Keesing. 2003. “The Ecology of Infectious Disease: Effects of Host Diversity and Community Composition on Lyme Disease Risk.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 100 (2).
Luby, Stephen P., M. Jahangir Hossain, Emily S. Gurley, Be-Nazir Ahmed, Shakila Banu, Salah Uddin Khan, Nusrat Homaira, et al. 2009. “Recurrent Zoonotic Transmission of Nipah Virus into Humans, Bangladesh, 2001–2007.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, 15 (8).
Luby, Stephen P., Mahmudur Rahman, M. Jahangir Hossain, Lauren S. Blum, M. Mustaq Husain, Emily Gurley, Rasheda Khan, et al. 2006. “Foodborne Transmission of Nipah Virus, Bangladesh.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, 12 (12).
Luchavez, J., F. Espino, P. Curameng, R. Espina, D. Bell, P. Chiodini, D. Nolder, et al. 2008. “Human Infections with Plasmodium knowlesi, the Philippines.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, 14 (5).
MacDonald, G. 1956. “Theory of the Eradication of Malaria.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 15.
MacDonald, George. 1953. “The Analysis of Malaria Epidemics.” Tropical Diseases Bulletin, 50 (10).
Margulis, Lynn, Andrew Maniotis, James MacAllister, John Scythes, Oystein Brorson, John Hall, Wolfgang E. Krumbein, and Michael J. Chapman. 2009. “Spirochete Round Bodies. Syphilis, Lyme Disease & AIDS: Resurgence of ‘The Great Imitator?’ ” Symbiosis, 47.
Marrie, Thomas J., ed. 1990. Q Fever. Vol. I: The Disease. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Martin, Phyllis M. 2002. Leisure and Society in Colonial Brazzaville. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Martinsen, Ellen S., Susan L. Perkins, and Jos J. Schall. 2008. “A Three-Genome Phylogeny of Malaria Parasites (Plasmodium and Closely Related Genera): Evolution of Life-History Traits and Host Switches.” Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 47.
Marx, Jean L. 1983. “Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Linked to AIDS.” Science, 220.
Marx, P. A., P. G. Alcabes, and E. Drucker. 2001. “Serial Human Passage of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus by Unsterile Injections and the Emergence of Epidemic Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Africa.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 356.
May, Robert. 2001. “Memorial to Bill Hamilton.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 356.
McCormack, J. G., A. M. Allworth, L. A. Selvey, and P. W. Selleck. 1999. “Transmissibility from Horses to Humans of a Novel Paramyxovius, Equine Morbillivirus (EMV).” Journal of Infection, 38.
McCormick, Joseph B., and Susan Fisher-Hoch. 1996. Level 4: Virus Hunters of the CDC. With Leslie Alan Horvitz. Atlanta: Turner Publishing.
McCoy, G. W. 1930. “Accidental Psittacosis Infection Among the Personnel of the Hygienic Laboratory.” Public Health Reports, 45 (16).
McDade, Joseph E. 1990. “Historical Aspects of Q Fever.” In Q Fever. Vol. I: The Disease, ed. T. Marrie. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
McKenzie, F. Ellis, and Ebrahim M. Samba. 2004. “The Role of Mathematical Modeling in Evidence-Based Malaria Control.” American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 71.
McLean, Angela, Robert May, John Pattison, and Robin Weiss, eds. 2005. SARS: A Case Study in Emerging Infections. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
McNeill, William H. 1976. Plagues and Peoples. New York: Anchor Books.
Meiering, Christopher D., and Maxine L. Linial. 2001. “Historical Perspective of Foamy Virus Epidemiology and Infection.” Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 14 (1).
Meyer, K. F., and B. Eddie. 1934. “Psittacosis in the Native Australian Budgerigars.” Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology & Medicine, 31.
Miranda, M. E. 1999. “Epidemiology of Ebola (Subtype Reston) Virus in the Philippines, 1996.” In Ebola: The Virus and the Disease, ed. C. J. Peters and J. W. LeDuc. Special issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 179 (S1).
Monath, Thomas P. 1999. “Ecology of Marburg and Ebola Viruses: Speculations and Directions for Future Research.” In Ebola: The Virus and the Disease, ed. C. J. Peters and J. W. LeDuc. Special issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 179 (S1).
Montagnier, Luc. 2000. Virus: The Co-Discoverer of HIV Tracks Its Rampage and Charts the Future. Translated from the French by Stephen Sartelli. New York: W. W. Norton.
———. 2003. “Historical Accuracy of HIV Isolation.” Nature Medicine, 9 (10).
Montgomery, Joel M., Mohammed J. Hossain, E. Gurley, D. S. Carroll, A. Croisier, E. Bertherat, N. Asgari, et al. 2008. “Risk Factors for Nipah Virus Encephalitis in Bangladesh.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, 14 (10).
Moore, Janice. 2002. Parasites and the Behavior of Animals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Morse, Stephen S., ed. 1993. Emerging Virsues. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mulder, Carel. 1988. “Human AIDS Virus Not from Monkeys.” Nature, 333.
Murphey-Corb, M., L. N. Martin, S. R. Rangan, G. B. Baskin, B. J. Gormus, R. H. Wolf, W. A. Andres, et al. 1986. “Isolation of an HTLV-III-related Retrovirus from Macaques with Simian AIDS and Its Possible Origin in Asymptomatic Mangabeys.” Nature, 321.
Murray, K., R. Rogers, L. Selvey, P. Selleck, A. Hyatt, A. Gould, L. Gleeson, et al. 1995. “A Novel Morbillivirus Pneumonia of Horses and its Transmission to Humans.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, 1 (1).
Murray, K., P. Selleck, P. Hooper, A. Hyatt, A. Gould, L. Gleeson, H. Westbury, et al. 1995. “A Morbillivirus that Caused Fatal Disease in Horses and Humans.” Science, 268.
Myers, Judith H. 1990. “Population Cycles of Western Tent Caterpillars: Experimental Introductions and Synchrony of Fluctuations.” Ecology, 71 (3).
———. 1993. “Population Outbreaks in Forest Lepidoptera.” American Scientist, 81.
———. 2000. “Population Fluctuations of the Western Tent Caterpillar in Southwestern British Col
umbia.” Population Ecology, 42.
Nahmias, A. J., J. Weiss, X. Yao, F. Lee, R. Kodsi, M. Schanfield, T. Matthews, et al. 1986. “Evidence for Human Infection with an HTLV III/LAV-like Virus in Central Africa, 1959.” The Lancet, 1 (8492).
Nathanson, Neal, and Rafi Ahmed. 2007. Viral Pathogenesis and Immunity. London: Elsevier.
Neghina, Raul, A. M. Neghina, I. Marincu, and I. Iacobiciu. 2011. “Malaria and the Campaigns Toward its Eradication in Romania, 1923–1963.” Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 11 (2).
Nelson, Anne Marie, and C. Robert Horsburgh, Jr., eds. 1998. Pathology of Emerging Infections 2. Washington: ASM Press.
Ng, Lee Ching, Eng Eong Ooi, Cheng Chuan Lee, Piao Jarrod Lee, Oong Tek Ng, Sze Wong Pei, Tian Ming Tu, et al. 2008. “Naturally Acquired Human Plasmodium knowlesi Infection, Singapore.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, 14 (5).
Normile, Dennis. 2003. “Up Close and Personal with SARS.” Science, 300.
———. 2005. “Researchers Tie Deadly SARS Virus to Bats.” Science, 309.
Normile, Dennis, and Martin Enserink. 2003. “Tracking the Roots of a Killer.” Science, 301.
Novembre, F. J., M. Saucier, D. C. Anderson, S. A. Klumpp, S. P. O’Neil, C. R. Brown II, C. E. Hart, et al. 1997. “Development of AIDS in a Chimpanzee Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1.” Journal of Virology, 71 (5).
Nye, Edwin R., and Mary E. Gibson. 1997. Ronald Ross: Malariologist and Polymath. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
Oldstone, Michael B. A. 1998. Viruses, Plagues, and History. New York: Oxford University Press.
Olsen, S. J., H. L. Chang, T. Y. Cheung, A. F. Tang, T. L. Fisk, S. P. Ooi, H. W. Kuo, et al. 2003. “Transmission of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome on Aircraft.” New England Journal of Medicine, 349 (25).
Oshinsky, David M. 2006. Polio: An American Story. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ostfeld, Richard S. 2011. Lyme Disease: The Ecology of a Complex System. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ostfeld, Richard S., Felicia Keesing, and Valerie T. Eviner, eds. 2008. Infectious Disease Ecology: The Effects of Ecosystems on Disease and of Disease on Ecosystems. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
O’Sullivan, J. D., A. M. Allworth, D. L. Paterson, T. M. Snow, R. Boots, L. J. Gleeson, A. R. Gould, et al. 1997. “Fatal Encephalitis Due to Novel Paramyxovirus Transmitted from Horses.” The Lancet, 349 (9045).
Palmer, Amos E. 1987. “B Virus, Herpesvirus simiae: Historical Perspective.” Journal of Medical Primatology, 16.
Parashar, U. D., L. M. Sunn, F. Ong, A. W. Mounts, M. T. Arif, T. G. Ksiazek, M. A. Kamaluddin, et al. 2000. “Case-Control Study of Risk Factors for Human Infection with a New Zoonotic Paramyxovirus, Nipah Virus, during a 1998–1999 Outbreak of Severe Encephalitis in Malaysia.” The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 181.
Paton, N. I., Y. S. Leo, S. R. Zaki, A. P. Auchus, K. E. Lee, A. E. Ling, S. K. Chew, et al. 1999. “Outbreak of Nipah-virus Infection among Abattoir Workers in Singapore.” The Lancet, 354 (9186).
Pattyn, S. R., ed. 1978. Ebola Virus Haemorrhagic Fever. Proceedings of an International Colloquium on Ebola Virus Infection and Other Haemorrhagic Fevers held in Antwerp, Belgium, December 6–8, 1977. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press.
Peeters, M., K. Fransen, E. Delaporte, M. Van den Haesevelde, G. M. Gershy-Damet, L. Kestens, G. van der Groen, and P. Piot. 1992. “Isolation and Characterization of a New Chimpanzee Lentivirus (Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Isolate cpz-ant) from a Wild-Captured Chimpanzee.” AIDS, 6 (5).
Peeters, M., C. Honoré, T. Huet, L. Bedjabaga, S. Ossari, P. Bussi, R. W. Cooper, and E. Delaporte. 1989. “Isolation and Partial Characterization of an HIV-related Virus Occurring Naturally in Chimpanzees in Gabon.” AIDS, 3 (10).
Peiris, J. S., Y. Guan, and K. Y. Yuen. 2004. “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.” Nature Medicine Supplement, 10 (12).
Peiris, J. S., W. C. Yu, C. W. Leung, C. Y. Cheung, W. F. Ng, J. M. Nicholls, T. K. Ng, et al. 2004. “Re-emergence of Fatal Human Influenza A Subtype H5N1 Disease.” The Lancet, 363 (9409).
Peiris, J. S. M., S. T. Lai, L. L. M. Poon, Y. Guan, L. Y. C. Yam, W. Lim, J. Nicholls, et al. 2003. “Coronavirus as a Possible Cause of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.” The Lancet, 361 (9366).
Peiris, J. S. Malik, Menno D. de Jong, and Yi Guan. 2007. “Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1): A Threat to Human Health.” Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 20 (2).
Pepin, Jacques. 2011. The Origins of AIDS. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pepin, Jacques, and Eric H. Frost. 2011. “Reply to Marx et al.” Clinical Infectious Diseases, Correspondence 52.
Pepin, Jacques, and Annie-Claude Labbé. 2008. “Noble Goals, Unforeseen Consequences: Control of Tropical Diseases in Colonial Central Africa and the Iatrogenic Transmission of Blood-borne Diseases.” Tropical Medicine and International Health, 13 (6).
Pepin, Jacques, Annie-Claude Labbé, Fleurie Mamadou-Yaya, Pascal Mbélesso, Sylvestre Mbadingaï, Sylvie Deslandes, Marie-Claude Locas, and Eric Frost. 2010. “Iatrogenic Transmission of Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and Hepatitis C Virus through Parenteral Treatment and Chemoprophylaxis of Sleeping Sickness in Colonial Equatorial Africa.” Clinical Infectious Diseases, 51.
Pepin, K. M., S. Lass, J. R. Pulliam, A. F. Read, and J. O. Lloyd-Smith. 2010. “Identifying Genetic Markers of Adaptation for Surveillance of Viral Host Jumps.” Nature, 8.
Peters, C. J., and James W. LeDuc, eds. 1999. Ebola: The Virus and the Disease. Special issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 179 (S1).
Peters, C. J., and Mark Olshaker. 1997. Virus Hunter: Thirty Years of Battling Hot Viruses around the World. New York: Anchor Books.
Peterson, Dale. 2003. Eating Apes. With an afterword and photographs by Karl Ammann. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Pisani, Elizabeth. 2009. The Wisdom of Whores: Bureaucrats, Brothels, and the Business of AIDS. New York: W. W. Norton.
Pitchenik, Arthur E., Margaret A. Fischl, Gordon M. Dickinson, Daniel M. Becker, Arthur M. Fournier, Mark T. O’Connell, Robert D. Colton, and Thomas J. Spira. 1983. “Opportunistic Infections and Kaposi’s Syndrome among Haitians: Evidence of a New Acquired Immunodeficiency State.” Annals of Internal Medicine, 98 (3).
Plantier, J. C., M. Leoz, J. E. Dickerson, F. De Oliveira, F. Cordonnier, V. Lemée, F. Damond, et al. 2009. “A New Human Immunodeficiency Virus Derived from Gorillas.” Nature Medicine, 15.
Plotkin, Stanley A. 2001. “Untruths and Consequences: The False Hypothesis Linking CHAT Type 1 Polio Vaccination to the Origin of Human Immunodeficiency Virus.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 356.
Plowright, R. K., H. E. Field, C. Smith, A. Divljan, C. Palmer, G. Tabor, P. Daszak, and J. E. Foley. 2008. “Reproduction and Nutritional Stress Are Risk Factors for Hendra Virus Infection in Little Red Flying Foxes (Pteropus scapulatus).” Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, 275.
Plowright, Raina K., P. Foley, H. E. Field, A. P. Dobson, J. E. Foley, P. Eby, and P. Daszak. 2011. “Urban Habituation, Ecological Connectivity and Epidemic Dampening: The Emergence of Hendra Virus from Flying Foxes (Pteropus spp.).” Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, 278.
Popovic, M., M. G. Sarngadharan, E. Read, and R. C. Gallo. 1984. “Detection, Isolation, and Continuous Production of Cytopathic Retroviruses (HTLV-III) from Patients with AIDS and Pre-AIDS.” Science, 224.
Poon, L. L. M., D. K. W. Chu, K. H. Chan, O. K. Wong, T. M. Ellis, Y. H. C. Leung, S. K. P. Lau, et al. 2005. “Identification of a Novel Coronavirus in Bats.” Journal of Virology, 79 (4).
Pourrut, X., B. Kumulungui, T. Wittmann, G. Moussavou, A. Délicat, P. Yaba, D. Nkoghe, et al. 2005. “The Natural History of Ebola Virus in Africa.” Microbes and Infection, 7.
Poutanen, S. M., D. E. Low, B. Henry, S. Finkelstein, D. Rose, K. Green, R. Tellier, et al. 2003. “Identification of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Canada.” New England Journal of Medicine, 348 (20).
&nb
sp; Preston, Richard. 1994. The Hot Zone. New York: Random House.
Price-Smith, Andrew T. 2009. Contagion and Chaos: Disease, Ecology, and National Security in the Era of Globalization. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Read, Andrew F. 1994. “The Evolution of Virulence.” Trends in Microbiology, 2 (3).
Reeves, Jacqueline D., and Robert W. Doms. 2002. “Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2.” Journal of General Virology, 83.
Reynes, J. M., D. Counor, S. Ong, C. Faure, V. Seng, S. Molia, J. Walston, et al. 2005. “Nipah Virus in Lyle’s Flying Foxes, Cambodia.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, 11 (7).
Rich, Stephen M., Fabian H. Leendertz, Guang Xu, Matthew LeBreton, Cyrille F. Djoko, Makoah N. Aminake, Eric E. Takang, et al. 2009. “The Origin of Malignant Malaria.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (35).
Richter, D., A. Spielman, N. Komar, and F. R. Matuschka. 2000. “Competence of American Robins as Reservoir Hosts for Lyme Disease Spirochetes.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, 6 (2).
Roest, H. I., J. J. Tilburg, W. van der Hoek, P. Vellema, F. G. van Zijdervelde, C. H. Klaassen, and D. Raoult. 2010. “The Q Fever Epidemic in The Netherlands: History, Onset, Response and Reflection.” Epidemiology and Infection, 139 (1).
Roest, H. I., R. C. Ruuls, J. J. Tilburg, M. H. Nabuurs-Franssen, C. H. Klaassen, P. Vellema, R. van den Brom, et al. 2011. “Molecular Epidemiology of Coxiella burnetii from Ruminants in Q Fever Outbreak, The Netherlands.” Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17 (4).
Ross, Ronald. 1910. The Prevention of Malaria. New York: E. P. Dutton.
———. 1916. “An Application of the Theory of Probabilities to the Study of a priori Pathometry.” Proceedings of the Royal Society, A, 92 (638).
———. 1923. Memoirs. London: John Murray.
Rothman, Kenneth J., and Sander Greenland, eds. 1998. Modern Epidemiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Sabin, Albert B., and Arthur M. Wright. 1934. “Acute Ascending Myelitis Following a Monkey Bite, with the Isolation of a Virus Capable of Reproducing the Disease.” Journal of Experimental Medicine, 59.
Spillover Page 57