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to the poor
the poor having little power to demand
for public services
Acemoglu, Daron
Addis Ababa (Ethiopia)
Afghanistan
cold war intervention in
colonialism and
as failed state
nation-building in
and partition of India
U.S. occupation of
Africa
AIDS in
Blair on Big Push for
Gordon Brown on aid to
cell phones in
civil wars in
colonial rule in
differences in government in
ethnic animosity in
ethnic groups in business in
European minority states in
Europeans on bringing civilization to
foreign aid and growth in
free-market reforms in
G8 doubles aid to
Geldof on doing something for
health successes in
heavily indebted poor countries in
hungry season in
IMF exiting
indoor smoke in
Internet use in
markets often not functioning well in
as not completing IMF loan programs
peer review in
positive bottom-up market trends in
postmodern imperialism and
resource wealth and autocracy in
structural adjustment loans in
successful aid programs in
televisions and radios in
as “weak but improving,”
Africa (cont.)
See also Angola; Botswana; Cameroon; Ethiopia; Ghana; Kenya; Malawi; Mali; Nigeria; Rwanda; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Tanzania; Uganda; Zaire/Democratic Republic of the Congo; Zimbabwe; and other countries by name
African Development Bank (AFDB)
Aghion, Philippe
agriculture, colonial
Ahmad
Ahmed, Sufian
aid agencies
abandoning utopian goals for
African-led projects rejected by
aid volume emphasized by
back to basics for
and bad governments
competition between
coordination of
creation after World War II
evaluation of
feedback and accountability in
good governance for
observable efforts shown by
professionals in
rejecting prefixed goals for
repeating same failed plans
research departments
as rewarded for setting goals not reaching them
rich countries controlling
and selection effect
specialization by
successful programs of
suggestions for improving
too many principals and agents
working-level people as Searchers
See also bureaucracy; International Monetary Fund; United States Agency for International Development; World Bank; and other agencies by name
AIDS
in Angola
annual deaths from
in Botswana
dysfunctional health care systems and
in Ethiopia
feedback and
HIVSA
in Millennium Development Goals
observable action on
orphans from
prevention
in South Africa
testing for
trade-offs regarding
treatment
in Uganda
West not taking early action
air pollution, indoor
Akerlof, George
Akosah, Roland
Albania
Alemán, Arnoldo
Alesina, Alberto
Alfonso I (king of Kongo)
Algeria
Aliyev, Ilham
Allende, Salvador
Al Qaeda
Amaretch
Andrade, Mário de
Angola
civil war of
military intervention in
mineral wealth of
minority European settlement in
per capita income and export revenues
post-conflict reconstruction in
resources of
state failure in
warlords in
whites in history of
Annan, Kofi
anti-globalization activists
antiretroviral therapy
Argentina
Arias, Oscar
Aristide, Jean-Bertrand
artificial borders
Ashesi University
Ashforth, Adam
Asia
Central Asia
markets often not functioning well in
See also Afghanistan; Bangladesh; East Asia; India; Pakistan; and other countries by name
Asian Development Bank (ADB)
Association of Former Women Fuelwood Carriers
Australia
autocrats, imperialists sponsoring native
Awuah, Patrick
Ayele, Etenesh
Azerbaijan
bad government
aid agencies and
in Bolivia
as cause of poverty
in Congo
contribution of aid to
dealing with
economic indicators of
in Haiti
and postmodern imperialism
screening out
structural adjustment justified by
See also corruption
Balfour Declaration
“bamboo network,”
Banda, Mary
Banerjee, Abhijit
Bangladesh
corruption in
Food for Education program
Gonoshasthaya Kendra
Grameen Bank
partition of India
police in
predation in
successful aid programs in
banking supervision
Barnett, Michael
Barth, James
Bauer, Peter
Beck, Thorsten
bed nets
Begum, Sufiya
Belarus
Belgian Congo
Bemba, Jean-Pierre
Benin
Bergner, Daniel
Berlin Conference
Beveridge, Alfred
Bhavnani, Rikhil
Bhutan
Bhutto, Benazir
Big Push
development economics on
IMF financial programming model and
legacy of
legend of
problem of evaluating
“structural adjustment” as heir to
bilateral aid
Birdsall, Nancy
Birdzell, L. E.
Biya, Paul
Blair, Tony
Blumenthal, Erwin
Bolaños, Enrique
Bolivia
aid agencies operating in
as heavily indebted poor country
IMF demonstrations in
revolutions in
World Bank goals for
Bono
Boone, Peter
borders, artificial
Bosnia
Botswana
AIDS in
colonial rule in
as democratic
economic growth in
Boyer, Jean-Pierre
Brazil
Ceará state government
Chagas’ disease in
demonstrations against IMF in
predation in
sanitation problems in
Bremer, Paul
Brown, Gordon
Brundtland, Grö Harlem
Buchanan, James
Bulgaria
bureaucracies
complexity of
> democratic
differences among
donor and government
dysfunctional
feedback and
incentives to satisfy donors
markets compared with
predictions of behavior in
Burke, Edmund
Burkina Faso (Upper Volta)
Burnside, Craig
Burundi
Bush, George W.
foreign aid increased by
funds for AIDS from
on grants not loans
Millennium Challenge Accounts of
on Sudan
and war on terror
Butler, Smedley
Cambodia
Camdessus, Michel
Cameroon
Bamileke in trade in
Biya
dysfunctional health system in
oil in
police corruption in
Canada
Canadian International Development Agency
Canning, David
Cão, Diogo
Caprio, Gerard
Caribbean
cell phones in
European minority states in
Internet use in
natural-resource oligarchies in
New England compared with
U.S. military intervention in
See also Haiti; and other countries by name
Carter, Jimmy
Case, Anne
Casey, William
caste system
Ceará state (Brazil)
cell phones
Central Asia
Chad
Chagas’ disease
Chamorro, Violeta
Channell, Wade
cheating
in elections
social networks as solution to
solutions to
trust as solution to
types of
Cheney, Dick
Chiang Kai-shek
Chicago Boys
childbirth, maternal mortality in
children
AIDS orphans
bed nets for
death from AIDS
diarrhea in
dying from preventable diseases
infant mortality
malnutrition in
in Millennium Development Goals
in Pakistan
in PROGRESA program
See also education
Chile
China
advanced degrees in
in Angolan civil war
benefits of not being colonized
Communist revolution in
economic growth in
formula for success of
high-technology exports
markets in growth of
takeoff in
ten best per capita growth rates
tuberculosis project in
Xiaogang
Chinese, overseas
Chowdhury, Zafrullah
civilization, Europeans see themselves as bringing
civil law
civil service, merit-based
civil society
Clemens, Michael
Clinton, Bill
cocoa
coffee
cold war
collective responsibility
Colombia
colonialism. See imperialism
common law
Communist countries
cell phones in former
cold war military intervention
free-market reforms in former
Internet use in former
markets often not functioning well in former
positive bottom-up market trends in former
revolutions in
“shock therapy” in transition from
structural adjustment loans to former
in Third World development
See also China; Russia
conditionality
condoms
confirmation bias
Conley, Tim
consumption, foreign aid as financing
Conteh, Alieu
Contras (Nicaraguan)
controlled experiments
coordination of aid agencies
Cooter, Robert D.
corruption
in Africa
aid leading to
in Angola
in Bolivia
cold war intervention and
in democracies
donors as concerned about
in health systems
Millennium Challenge Corporation and
in Nigeria
versus poverty trap
red tape and
United Nations and
Costa Rica
cost-effectiveness analysis
Côte d’Ivoire
cotton
“cream skimming,”
Creese, Andrew
Cresap, Michael
Cresap, Thomas
Crocker, Chester
Cuba
custom, versus law
Dahomey. See Benin
Danso-Boakye, Robert
Darfur (Sudan)
Darío, Rubén
Dayton, Julia
De Beers
debt
Argentine default
heavily indebted poor countries
IMF monitoring
decolonization
Delgado, Inés
Demirgüç-Kunt
democracy
accountability in
in Africa
aid decreasing
in Benin
in Botswana
as bottom-up system
economic growth correlated with
feedback in
in Haiti
illiberal
imposing from outside
income correlated with
as meta-institution
military intervention for spreading
oil as preventing
in Pakistan
participation conflicting with
and partition in former colonies
piecemeal reform in
and property rights
public services in
in Russia
transition from oligarchy to
in unequal agrarian societies
Democratic International
Democratic Republic of the Congo.SeeZaire/Democratic Republic of the Congo
Deng, Francis
Denmark
Department for International Development (DFID)
Devarajan, Shanta
development economics
development experts
development vouchers
de Waal, Alex
diarrhea
Días, Santiago
disease
children dying from preventable
diarrhea
disease (cont.)
foreign aid successes in
Guinea worm disease
measles
in Millennium Development Goals
monitoring programs for
river blindness
schistosomiasis
trachoma
tuberculosis
See also AIDS; malaria
Dixit, Avinash
Djankov, Simeon
doing business, reducing obstacles to
Dollar, David
Dominican Republic
Dong Ying Hong
dos Santos, José Eduardo
drug lords
Duflo, Esther
Duggan, William
Dulles, John Foster
Durlauf, S.
Duvalier family