The Time Traveller's Guide to Elizabethan England

by Mortimer, Ian

  London, aldermen of 51, 310, 330

  London, Bills of Mortality 279

  London, bishops of 50

  London, census of foreigners in 116

  London, conduits 1, 34, 239–40, 307, 310

  London, Corporation of 33

  London, Inns of Court 107–8, 136 (Barnard’s Inn 26; Bath Inn 26; Clement’s Inn 26; Funival’s Inn 26; Gray’s Inn 26; Inner Temple 352; Lincoln’s Inn 26; Middle Temple 101; Staple Inn 26; Thavie’s Inn 26);

  London, livery companies (Barber Surgeons 303; Mercers 34; Merchant Adventurers 113; Merchant Taylors 94 [their school 106]; Skinners 255; Stationers 104; Vintners 98)

  London, lord mayor of 27, 34, 51, 68, 239, 261, 309, 330

  London, plague in 279, 280

  London port and quays 29, 160, 244, 261, 303 (Beare Quay 29; Galley Quay 29; Gibson’s Quay 30; Old Wool Quay 29; Queenhithe 29, 308; Sabbes Quay 29; St Katherine’s Wharf 30; Somer’s Quay 30; Three Cranes Wharf 29)

  London prisons 292, 295, 307, 326 (Fleet Prison 307; Marshalsea Prison 308)

  London theatres 240, 320, 354–8 (Bell Inn 352; Belle Savage Inn 329, 352; Blackfriars Theatre 353; Boar’s Head Inn 352; Bull Inn 329, 352; Cross Keys Inn 352; Curtain 329, 353, 355; Drury Lane 333; Fortune 353; Globe 335, 353, 355, 356; Red Lion 352; Rose 353, 355, 356; Swan 353, 356; The Theatre 353)

  Long Ditton 183

  Longford Castle 223, 227

  Longleat 3, 221, 222

  looms 235

  loos see latrines

  Lopez, Dr Rodrigo (c.1517–94) 43

  Lord Chamberlain’s Men see plays, players 347

  Lords Lieutenant 109, 295, 296

  lottery, the 326

  Love, John (d.1590) 48

  Low Countries see Brabant, Flanders, Holland

  Lowestoft 214

  Ludlow 110

  Lübeck 119

  Lumley, Jane, née Fitzalan (1537–78), Lady Lumley 68

  Lumley, John (c.1533–1609), Lord Lumley 228

  lye 157, 173, 189, 273; see also soap

  Lyly, John (1554–1606) 353

  Lyme Regis 23

  Lynn see King’s Lynn

  Lyte, Henry (1529–1607) 123

  Machiavelli, Niccolo (1469–1527) 74, 75

  Machyn, Christopher (d.1550) 94

  Machyn, Henry (1496x98–1563) 32, 80, 94, 135, 143, 255, 303, 311, 342

  madder 159, 165

  Madoc ap Owain Gwynedd (supposedly fl. 1170) 112

  Magellan, Straits of 216, 217

  magistrates see Justices of the Peace

  magnetism 122

  Magno, Alessandro (1538–76) 32, 66, 116, 155, 202, 204, 255, 263, 336

  Maidstone 59

  Maisse, Monsieur de see Hurault

  make-up 176–7

  malaria see illnesses

  Malby, Sir Nicholas (c.1530–84) 103

  Maldon 95

  Mallerd, Katherine 58

  malnutrition see food shortages

  Malpas 282

  maltsters 18

  mandrake 123

  manners, good 153–5

  Manners, Roger (1576–1612), earl of Rutland 226

  Manningham, John (c. 1575–1622) 101

  Mantell alias Bloys, Robert (d.1581) 305

  maps 41, 201, 210, 224

  marchpane see marzipan

  mariners 54, 109, 111, 141, 178, 181, 187, 206–17, 258, 279, 298, 303, 325

  markets, marketplaces 12, 33, 109, 145–7, 191, 241, 311, 315, 363–4

  Marlowe, Christopher (1564–93) 3, 75–6, 101, 103, 119, 346, 353, 354, 357–8

  marmalade 244, 255

  Marprelate, ‘Martin’ 91

  marriage 15, 37, 51, 57–8, 63–7, 101, 109, 118, 157, 173, 175, 247, 261, 300, 301, 310, 315 (age at 65–6)

  Marston, John (1576–1634), 354

  Martin, Dorcas 68

  Mary (1516–58), queen of England 6, 7, 40–2, 44, 73, 76, 81, 104, 114, 309

  Mary (1542–87), queen of Scots 46, 83, 85, 97, 294–5, 305, 329

  marzipan 253, 254

  masks 170, 171, 203

  masons 18, 53, 151

  masques 343–4, 349

  Master of the Revels 104

  mastic 277

  mathematics 108, 120, 122, 210, 211

  Matheu, Margaret 57

  Matheu, Thomas 57

  Mathewe, James 55

  Matthew, William (d.1589) 236

  Maw 325

  Maypole 322

  mead 260

  Meade, Alice 128

  mealtimes 91, 246–8

  meat and poultry 33, 145, 154, 212, 233, 243–7, 252, 255 (bacon 235, 241, 253, 259, 308; beef 246–8, 251, 252, 254; bittern 251, 253, 254; brawn 251; bustard 251; capon 251–3; chicken 145, 150, 237, 247, 251–5, 259, 285; coneys 145, 251–3, 327; corncrakes 251; crane 251, 253; curlew 247, 251, 253; dotterel 253; duck 251, 253; godwit 253; goose 237, 247, 251–3, 313; gull 251, 253; ham 254; hares 327; heron 254; heronsew 251, 253; kid 251; knot 253; lamb 247, 251, 254, 257; lard 253, 287; lark 251, 254; leveret 254; licences to eat 244–5; mince pies 247, 255–6; mutton 245–8, 251, 252, 256, 257; offal 253; partridge 251, 253; pasties 145, 251, 327; pastry 255; peacock 251; pewit 253; pheasant 251, 253, 254; pies 32, 145, 255; pigeon 247, 251, 253, 254; plover 253; pork 247, 251, 252, 257; quail 251, 253, 254; rabbit 146, 242, 247, 251, 254, 328; redshank 253; sausages 32; sheep’s fat 285; shoveller 253; snipe 247, 253, 254; stint 253; stork 251, 254; suet 256, 257, 285; swan 251–3; teal 247, 251; turkey 237, 252, 253; veal 247, 251, 256; venison 247, 251, 253, 254, 327, see also deer; woodcock 251, 252, 254; yerwhelp 253); see also livestock; swans

  Meavy, River 239

  medicines 74, 102, 103, 108, 121, 124, 173, 262, 273, 281, 285–7; see also apothecaries; brandy; dragon water; mithridatium; mummia; physicians; theriac

  Mediterranean 159

  Medway, River 197

  Melville, Elizabeth (fl. 1599–1631) 70

  Mercator, Gerardus (1512–94) 122, 211

  Mercers, Company of see London

  mercers, merchants 4, 12, 18, 30, 33–5, 39, 49, 51–4, 95, 109, 115–17, 145, 146, 176, 182, 207, 214, 215, 222, 236, 257, 296, 347

  Merchant Adventurers see London

  Merchant Taylors’ School 106

  mercury 282, 286

  Merton, Oxfordshire 230

  messengers 109, 203

  Mestrelle, Eloye (d.1578) 149–50

  Meteren, Emanuel van (1535–1612) 67, 95, 116

  metheglin 260

  Mexico, Gulf of 111

  Middle Temple see London

  Middleton, Christopher (d.1628) 274

  midwifery 62, 287

  militia 38, 97, 186–7, 224, 295, 327

  milk see dairy

  millers see mills

  milliners 34, 54

  Millington, Thomas 104

  mills, millers 24, 54, 56 (watermills 24; windmills 33)

  mince pies see meat

  mines, miners 9, 151–2, 187, 223, 271, 282

  minstrels see music

  Mint, the 149, 321

  miracle plays 351–2, 358

  mirrors 172, 227, 230, 231, 237, 238, 274 (magnifying 321)

  Mitcham 232, 233

  mithridatium 281

  mittens 178

  Moffet, Thomas (1553–1604) 269, 280

  monopolies 260, 339–41

  Montacute House 221, 222

  Montagu, Lord see Browne

  Montague, Alice 163, 164

  Montpellier 288

  Moors 115, 118, 343; see also Africa; fashion

  More, Sir Thomas (1478–1535) 68, 346

  Morebath 59

  Morgan, William (1544/5–1604), bishop of St Asaph 135

  Morley, Thomas (1556/7–c. 1602) 339–41

  Morocco 113, 215; see also Moors

  Morrice, Alice 59

  Morrice, Peter 239

  morris dancers see dancing

  Mortlake 193

  morts 297

  Mor
yson, Fynes (1565/6–1630) 156, 260

  mosquitoes 278

  Moulsham 25, 60, 61

  mousetraps 237

  Much Wenlock 77

  Mulcaster, Richard (1531/2–1611) 331

  mummia 289

  Murano 260

  murder see crime

  Muscovy Company 113

  Muscovy, Grand Duchy of 6, 113, 207

  music, musicians 6, 50, 105, 106, 108, 110, 117, 119, 213, 225, 254, 320, 322, 336–41, 343, 349, 354 (airs 340, 341; church; 78, 79, 322, 338–9; consorts 341; itinerant 338; madrigals 340; printed music 337, 339–41; singing 106, 337, 339; waits 338–9); see also psalters

  musical instruments 106, 117, 237, 252, 321 (bagpipe 213, 336, 341; bandora 338; cello 338; cittern 336–8; fiddle 213, 322, 336–7, 341; flute 338, 341; harpsichord 338; hurdy-gurdy 338; lute 231, 336–8, 341; organ 81, 338; orpharion 337, 338; sackbut 252; shawm 252; spinet 338; trumpet 252; viol 338, 341; viol de gamba 337; violin 252, 338; virginals 54, 225, 230, 337, 338, 341)

  musk 177

  Muslims 118, 215

  mustard 231, 247, 249, 251, 254

  mutilation 60–1, 96, 294, 308–10

  Mychel, Joan (d.1559) 259

  nails 109, 145

  names 139–41

  Naples 15

  Napper, Giles 215

  Nashe, Thomas (1567–c.1601) 240, 346, 349, 354

  natural philosophy 6, 120–3, 141

  navigation 93, 111, 122, 209–11

  Neate, Abigail 312

  Neate, Alice 312

  needle-makers 12, 54

  needlework and embroidery 105, 158, 163, 166, 173, 174, 178–80, 182, 226, 227, 231, 237

  Netherlands see Holland, Flanders

  Neville, Charles (1542/3–1601), earl of Westmorland 82, 83

  Neville, Frances, née Manners (d.1576), Lady Bergavenny 68

  Neville, Henry (d.1587), Lord Bergavenny 335

  New Hall, Essex 222

  New World see America

  Newbury, Ralph (d.1578) 234

  Newcastle 15–17

  Newfoundland 112, 209, 256

  Newmarket Heath 203

  Newstead Abbey 230

  Niger, River 118

  ninepins 325

  Nonsuch House see London

  Nonsuch Palace 222, 228, 320, 339

  Norfolk 22, 222, 278

  Norfolk, duke of see Howard

  Normandy 14

  Norsemen 23

  North Pole 112

  North Sea 23

  North, Roger (1531–1600), Lord North 198, 253, 261, 262, 325, 334, 342

  Northampton, marquess of see Parr

  Northampton, University of 108

  Northamptonshire 222, 225

  North-East Passage 113

  Northern Rebellion (1569) 43, 82, 83, 296

  Northumberland, duke of see Dudley

  Northumberland, earls of see Percy

  North-West Passage 113

  Norton, Thomas (1530x2–84) 131, 352, 373

  Norway, Norwegian 115

  Norwich 16, 18, 25, 38, 56–9, 61, 65–6, 153, 165, 238, 270, 279, 284, 289

  notaries public 54

  Nottingham 355

  Nottinghamshire 110, 223, 224, 230, 246

  numerology 124

  nurses, nursing 59, 281–2, 286–7

  nuts 234; see also almonds; coconuts

  Oak House 230

  Oath of Supremacy 79–82, 85

  oats see corn

  Oglethorpe, Owen (d.1559), bishop of Carlisle 77

  old age 37–9, 56–8, 265, 276, 281, 285

  olive oil 250, 260, 275, 285, 309

  Ombersley 109

  omelette 246

  opiates 290

  oral hygiene 154, 275–7, 282; see also teeth orris root 189

  ostlers 53

  ostrich 114

  Ottoman Turks see Turkey

  Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso) (43 BC–AD c.17) 107

  Owen, George (1552–1613) 130

  Oxford 16, 19, 25, 35, 104, 238, 335

  Oxford, earl of; see Vere

  Oxford, University of 107, 108, 136, 346

  Oxfordshire 20, 22, 23, 84, 171, 230, 232, 234–6, 320

  Packer, Henry 318

  Padua 114, 115, 288

  pageants 34, 45, 77, 322

  Paget, Thomas (c. 1544–90), Lord Paget 225

  painter-stainers 96

  paintings 9, 129, 224, 249, 321; see also portraiture

  Palavicino, Sir Horatio (c.1540–1600) 117

  Palladio, Andrea (1508–80) 223

  palliards 298, 307

  Palmer, Frances 307

  palmistry 60

  panelling, wainscoting 80, 86, 219, 224, 225, 232, 237

  paper 139, 227

  Paracelsus (1493–1541) 120, 124

  parasites 152, 213, 270, 271; see also bedbugs; fleas; lice

  parchment 139

  parchment-makers 54

  Paris 15

  Parke, Matilda 128

  Parker, Matthew (1504–75), archbishop of Canterbury 80

  Parliament (including MPs) 21, 24, 27, 28, 41, 43–6, 49, 50, 76, 78, 81, 83, 84, 91, 97, 109, 131, 160, 293, 294, 301

  Parliament, Acts of: Archery Act (1542) 325–7; Barber-Surgeons Act (1540) 290; Bridges Act (1530) 197; Coaches Bill (1601) 194; Due Obedience Act (1581) 84; Egyptians Act (1530) 60; Erection of Cottages Act (1589) 235; Highways Act (1555) 195; Highways Act (1563) 195; Highways Act (1576) 195; Labourers Act (1563) 150; Papal Bulls Act (1571) 83; Plymouth Water Act (1585) 239; Punishment of Vagabonds Act (1563) 60; Punishment of Vagabonds Act (1572) 60, 297, 352; Relief of the Poor Act (1563) 61; Relief of the Poor Act (1597) 61; Sea Marks Act (1566) 214; Simony Act (1589) 98; Sumptuary Acts (1533, 1554) see sumptuary laws; Supremacy Act (1559) 79; Supremacy Bills (1559) 78–9; Treason Act (1571) 83; Uniformity Act (1559) 79, 135; Usury Act (1571) 150; Vice of Buggery Act (1563) 75; Witchcraft Act (1542) 127; Witchcraft Act (1563) 127, 128; Wool Cap Act (1571) 158, 182

  Parmesan (cheese) 257

  Parr, William (1513–71), marquess of Northampton 47

  Parry, Blanche (c.1508–90) 174

  Parry, Dr William (d.1585) 43

  Parsons, Robert (1546–1610), De Persecutione Anglicana (Rome, 1582) 85

  Partridge, John (fl. 1566–82) 255, 276, 286

  Payne, John (1532–82) 84

  Peele, George (1556–96) 119, 354

  peine fort et dure 306

  pelican (tool) 277

  Pembrokeshire 130

  penance 314–5, 318, 319

  penguins 113

  penknives 139, 178

  Penred 309

  Penry, John (1562/3–93) 91

  Percy, Henry (1564–1632), ninth earl of Northumberland 47

  Percy, Henry (c. 1532–85), eighth earl of Northumberland 47, 246

  Percy, Thomas (1528–72), seventh earl of Northumberland 82, 83, 305

  perfume 165, 177, 187, 189, 267, 274, 275

  Perkins, William (1558–1602) 126

  Pernambuco 217

  perry 260

  Persian 237

  personal hygiene see washing

  Peterborough 16

  Petrarch (1304–74) 347

  Petre, Sir William (1505/6–72) 25, 197, 268

  Pett, Peter (d.1589) 207

  petty sessions see courts

  pewterers 53

  pewterware 212, 221, 227, 231, 232, 234–8, 248, 249, 253, 254, 259, 260, 269

  Phelips, Sir Edward (c.1555–1614) 222

  Philaretes 324

  Philip II (1527–98), king of Spain 214

  Philips, Augustine (d.1605) 356

  philosophy 108; see also natural philosophy physicians 4, 18, 25, 51, 53, 62, 74, 103, 108, 109, 120, 122, 125, 140, 187, 227, 245, 264, 266, 278–81, 283–5, 287–90, 324, 341, 350, 368, 384, 385

  Physicians, College of 280, 288, 311

  Pickering, John 352

  pigs see livestock

  pillory 128, 292, 294, 306
, 308–10

  piracy 112, 214–5, 296, 303; see also Barbary

  pitch 243

  Pius V (1504–72), pope (1566–72) 24, 82, 83

  plague see illnesses

  Plat, Sir Hugh (1552–1608) 176, 212, 275, 289

  Platter, Thomas (1574–1628) 25, 30, 39, 40, 66, 116, 126, 146, 155, 173, 193, 201, 207, 261, 302, 321, 333, 334

  plays and players 6, 104, 110, 119, 131, 154, 185, 203, 219, 240, 304, 344, 348, 349, 351–8 (Lord Admiral’s Men 352, 354, 355; Lord Chamberlain’s Men 347, 355, 356; Lord Leicester’s Men 352, 355; Lord Strange’s Men 352; Lord Sussex’s Men 352; Queen’s Men 353, 355); see also Shakespeare; miracle plays

  ploughmen 271

  Pluckley 48

  plumbers 53

  Plutarch (46–120) 107

  Plymouth 4, 9, 15–17, 94, 111, 120, 200, 216, 217, 239, 279, 325

  poaching see crime

  poetry, poets 6, 69–71, 75, 103, 131, 138, 185, 194, 290, 341, 344–51, 354

  point-maker 54

  Poitiers 327

  Poland, Poles 41, 113, 115, 120, 346; see also fashion

  Pole Star 210, 211

  Pole, Sir William (1561–1635) 119

  pomanders 177, 270, 275

  poor relief 56–62

  Pope see Pius V

  Popham, Sir John (c. 1531–1607) 50

  population 15–17, 19, 36–7, 52, 59, 148, 314, 363

  porcupine 321

  Port Isaac 23

  portraiture 1, 41, 118, 160, 186, 224–5, 230

  Portugal, Portuguese 29, 92, 111, 159, 210, 216, 217, 254, 255, 279

  possets 263

  postal routes 200, 378

  postmaster, chief 200

  potatoes see fruit and vegetables.

  pottage 249, 254, 258, 259

  poultry see meat and poultry

  Prayer Book 7, 79, 91, 102, 136 (Scots Gaelic 135; Welsh 135)

  Prayer Book Rebellion (1549) 135–6

  preaching, sermons 2, 31, 32, 76, 84, 90, 92, 344; see also St Paul’s Cross (London)

  pregnancy and childbirth 58, 59, 63, 65, 67, 95, 153, 284, 304, 307, 311, 313, 314, 317–19

  Presbyterianism 90

  Preston, Thomas (1537–98) 353

  prices 37, 65, 148, 150, 241–3; see also inflation

  pride 99, 131, 162, 221, 317, 319

  priest holes 85–7

  priggers of prancers 299

  prigmen 298

  Prima-Vista 325

  Primero 325

  printers, printing 84, 91, 101–4, 129, 138, 240, 285, 310, 339

  prisons: 33, 96, 97, 214, 292, 298, 302, 304; see also imprisonment; London

  privies see latrines

  privy council 3, 43–4, 76, 83, 97, 98, 104, 117, 257, 294, 295, 306, 351; see also Star Chamber

  processions 32, 34, 44, 45, 72, 80, 94, 322

  professions 50–2; see also incomes; lawyers; physicians

  prostitution 58, 271, 292, 300, 307, 311, 314, 323, 355