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INDEX
Aché safety net study 294–298, 301–303, 305
adultery, see deviants
Africa 14, 76, 79, 89, 102, 106, 118, 124, 131, 145, 160
aggression (see also dominance) 72, 111, 130, 152, 166, 168, 196, 209, 236, 256, 308, 310, 321, 374
Alexander, R. D. 30–31, 63–64, 166–167, 179–180, 187–188, 193–194, 209, 269, 293–295, 298, 308, 363–368, 374–376, 380–382, 385
alpha males 23, 68, 95–96, 107, 111–112, 125, 138, 150–151, 156–157, 160, 162–163, 167, 366
big-shot behavior 70, 240–241, 249, 294
rebellion against 96, 99, 112–113, 130, 148, 150–151, 154, 156–157, 244
altruism, biological (see also evolutionary theory; reciprocity) 52–53, 167, 184–190, 200–201, 264, 273, 276, 278, 289–290, 298, 303–304, 308, 313, 324, 329, 332, 349, 365–367, 369, 381, 385
definition of 9, 55, 61
genetics of 7–8, 59–60, 62, 65, 67, 69, 73–74, 166, 179, 184, 193–194, 199, 205, 211, 305–306, 310, 318, 322, 327, 331
sacrifice 9, 12–13, 47
theory of (see also Alexander R. D.; Trivers, R.; Williams, G.; Wilson, D. S.; Wilson, E. O.) 7–9, 13, 55, 57, 59–60, 69, 73, 80, 83, 91, 136, 176, 178, 180, 197, 205, 209–211, 217–218
altruistic behavior (see also generosity) 59, 65, 73, 182, 187, 191–192, 194, 226, 234, 236, 272, 280, 294, 328
American Sign Language (ASL) 116, 118–119, 121, 124, 126
anatomically modern humans 82, 322, 339
ancestors (see also Ancestral Pan; Common Ancestor) 23, 66, 90, 92, 97, 131, 133, 245, 268, 312
Ancestral Pan 90–95, 100–101, 108, 113, 130, 133–136, 141, 147, 151–154, 160–161, 169, 210, 235, 308, 312, 319, 329–330, 349, 358
anger, see emotions
antisocial behavior 30, 128–129, 152
apes, see bonobos; chimpanzees; gorillas
archaeologists 76, 78, 98, 319
archaic Homo sapiens 99, 134, 141–142, 144–146, 152, 155–156, 160–161, 163, 169, 312–313, 320, 336, 339
arrows 253, 255, 259–262
poisoned 259, 261, 352
ASL, see American Sign Language
authority 24, 34, 107–108, 255–256, 344
balance of power 351, 355
Balikci, A. 252, 256–257, 369, 374–376, 378–379, 385
banishment, see punishment
Batson, D. 364–366, 385
biology 34, 56, 130, 332, 367, 385
Biology of Moral Systems 166, 193
Bird, D. W. 367, 376, 380
Bird, R. B. 367, 376, 380
blushing (see also emotions) 14, 20, 23, 32, 91, 98, 119–120, 130, 169, 173, 176, 223, 235, 321, 328–329, 339
Boehm, C. 192, 203, 361, 364–366, 368–383
Boesch, C. 372, 382
Boesch-Achermann, H. 372
bonobos 87, 91, 94–97, 100–101, 103, 107, 109–111, 113, 115–116, 119, 128, 130, 133, 137–141, 143, 151, 161, 169, 312, 318, 330, 382
females 110–111
males 108, 110, 122, 134, 148
Bowles, S. 73, 327, 361–362, 364, 367–369, 372, 379, 382
Boyd, R. 366, 368, 370, 375, 380
brain functions 13–14, 23–24, 29, 31, 75, 78, 81, 101, 144–145, 153, 164, 172–173, 186, 212, 224, 279, 313, 315, 320–321, 333
Briggs, J. 70–71, 216, 218, 224–226, 234, 246, 248, 368, 376–379
bullies, see free riders
Burroughs, W. J. 369, 372, 379, 383
Bushmen (see also !Kung) 44, 46, 70, 78, 107, 109, 158, 189, 216, 218, 233, 253–254, 256, 258, 260, 268, 282, 287, 294, 376, 378
Campbell, D. T. 191, 218, 363–366, 372–376, 381–382
capital punishment, see punishment
captive apes 105, 110–111, 115, 117, 121, 244
Cephu (Pygmy) 37–47, 68, 73, 195, 199, 201, 208, 237, 244, 246, 263, 365
cheaters, see free riders
children 11–12, 25–26, 31, 35, 38, 42, 53, 58, 69, 98–99, 116–120, 124, 141, 171, 174, 186, 216, 218, 223–231, 233–236, 250, 252, 259, 277, 281–282, 288, 326, 348, 377
inequality aversion 69, 327, 332
infants 24, 224, 226, 228–229, 231–233
moral socialization 118, 218, 222–224, 226, 234
offspring 8, 56, 61, 86, 97, 118, 200, 204, 277, 307, 330, 366–367
chimpanzees 21, 37, 87, 89–91, 94, 100–105, 108, 110–113, 115–118, 120, 122, 124, 128, 130, 133–134, 137–139, 143, 151, 161, 271, 312, 318, 321, 330, 355
conflict management 120
dominance behavior 95, 107–108
females 104, 110, 112, 244
intergroup behavior 93–94
males 107, 111, 148, 356
meat sharing, see sharing
sexual behavior 97
subordinate coalitions 96
coding categories 190–191, 196–197, 202
coevolution, see evolutionary theory (see also tweaking)
Cold War 345, 351, 354
Common Ancestor 84, 91–95, 97–101, 108, 115–116, 129, 136, 147
community 9, 34, 111, 148, 201, 257, 264, 349, 351–352, 378
conflict management 11, 15, 18, 44, 51, 77, 120, 134, 150, 155, 190, 193, 195, 209, 214, 242, 245, 247, 253–258, 265, 267, 272–273, 282, 289, 325, 333, 344–345, 347, 349, 351–353, 355, 357–359
conscience (see also evolutionary conscience) 6, 13–14, 20, 22, 25, 27, 29–33, 55, 69, 73, 87, 93, 104, 114, 125, 128, 131, 149, 151–152, 164–165, 169, 172–175, 199, 201–203, 210, 223, 226, 242, 277, 289, 308–310, 318, 320, 324, 326, 329–330, 333, 339–340, 352
inner voice vii, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17–18, 28, 32, 115
self control 23, 29, 70–72, 130, 157, 161, 163, 168, 173, 176–177, 179, 264, 312, 319, 321
and shame (see also emotions) 211, 317
cooperation (see also hunting) 9, 11, 15, 18, 33–34, 37, 50–51, 53, 57, 60–63, 65, 80, 87, 167, 182, 185, 190, 192–194, 200, 203, 241, 247, 291, 302, 305, 311–312, 329–330, 334–335, 343, 381, 385
costly signaling, see evolutionary theory
criticism, see social control
cultural transmission 99, 370
culturally modern humans 17, 76, 79, 82, 87, 98, 135, 145–146, 154, 159, 163, 272, 289, 291, 301, 322, 360
Damasio, A. 365, 370
Darwin, C. vii, 2–9, 11–18, 20–21, 28, 30, 32, 53–55, 60, 100, 115, 118–119, 131, 162, 164–165, 173, 175, 179, 194, 212, 234, 316–317, 323–328, 331, 340–341, 363–366, 370, 374–375, 385
de Waal, F. 6, 105, 111–112, 121, 129, 185, 244, 325, 36
1–364, 366, 370–372, 374, 380, 382
death 59, 130, 147–148, 169, 172, 186, 227, 229, 261, 332, 360
deviants (see also free riders; psychopaths) 15, 35, 42, 74, 85, 87, 104, 122, 129, 149, 165, 175, 177, 199, 203, 208, 215–216, 239, 244, 246, 252, 260–261, 263–265, 349–350
adultery 32, 62, 65, 73, 174, 256–258
bullies, see free riders
cheaters, see free riders
incest 46, 84, 171–172, 202, 235, 250–251, 257, 316, 324
serious deviants 109, 112, 114, 157, 207
thieves, see free riders
docility selection, see evolutionary theory
dogs, lack of conscience in 21–23, 122
dominance behavior (see also aggression) 23, 66, 71–72, 86, 95, 107–108, 110, 113, 161, 172, 177, 235–236, 310, 330
Draper, P. 376–378
Durkheim, É. 68, 177, 184, 214, 243, 371, 374, 376
egalitarian bands 10, 36, 66, 68, 70, 86, 204, 240, 263, 265, 304, 348, 356–357, 380
egalitarianism (see also inequality aversion; subordinate coalitions) 10, 28–29, 35–37, 42–44, 46–47, 55, 66–72, 79–82, 85–86, 96, 106, 109, 142, 150–151, 153–159, 161, 163, 192, 201, 204, 214, 227, 235, 240, 249, 255, 260, 263, 265, 304, 308–309, 319–321, 323, 327, 336, 338, 340, 345–346, 348, 354–358, 380
vigilance 69, 114, 160, 202, 204–205, 314
egoism, biological (see also evolutionary theory) 10, 56, 142, 187, 267, 272–275, 277–278, 280, 290, 330, 335
emotions 20, 23, 25–27, 29–30, 55, 83, 120–121, 123, 173, 201, 221, 224–225, 282, 294, 324, 364
anger 85, 118, 222, 247–249, 254, 282
empathy 18, 24–26, 29, 32–33, 55, 125, 129, 185, 277, 302, 325, 340, 359, 364, 366, 371, 385
guilt 19–21, 116, 124–125, 208, 364
indignation 44, 46, 112, 129
moral emotions 21, 25–26, 100, 119, 123, 129, 217, 220, 233, 324, 326
outrage 28–29, 35, 47, 67, 69, 72, 79, 81, 85–87, 96, 106–107, 109, 150–151, 153–154, 156–158, 161, 163, 177, 201, 227, 255, 260, 308–309, 319–320, 338, 345, 354–355, 358
remorse 20, 23, 25, 27, 29, 120–121, 123
shame 1, 14, 19–23, 25, 27, 31–33, 43, 87, 91, 101, 106, 116, 120, 122, 124, 128–130, 157, 169, 173, 176, 200, 211, 223, 233, 235, 254, 270, 317, 322–323, 328, 364
sympathy 6–7, 13, 26, 32–33, 55, 58, 98, 129, 139, 141, 185, 210–211, 226, 263, 290, 294, 302, 305, 340, 348–349, 352, 364
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