and Muslim traders, here
peace agreement with Spain, here
rebels against Spain, here
rivalry with Spain, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Spain seeks renewed alliance, here
war with Spain, here
Portugal, Álvaro de, here
Portuguese army, here
Portuguese Guinea, here
Poyo, Diego del, here
Prester John, here
priests, flout law, here
Princes in the Tower, here
printing, here, here
procurador de los pobres, here
procuradores, here, here, here, here
prostitution, here, here
Protestantism and Reformation, here, here, here, here
Provence, Jewish refugees in, here
Puebla, Rodrigo de, here, here
Puerto Rico, here, here
Pulgar, Fernando del, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
and birth of male heir, here
describes Isabella, here
describes power-sharing agreement, here
and Granada war, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
and Inquisition, here
and Isabella’s reputation, here, here
and Isabella’s visit to Baza, here
and pacification of Castile, here
and pacification of Seville, here
and Portuguese war, here, here, here
replaces Palencia as chronicler, here
and siege of Málaga, here, here
Purchena, here
‘purity of blood’ rules, here, here
pyramids, here
Qansuh al-Ghuri, Sultan of Egypt, here
‘queen’s hospital’, here, here, here
Quintanilla, Alfonso, de, here
Quisay, here
rastreros, here
Reconquista, here, here, here, here
Rejón, Juan, here
Reveles, John, here
Reyna, Dr de la, here
Rhodes, here
Richard III, King of England, here
Robledo, Abrahim de, here
Robles, Juan de, here
Rodríguez, Marina, here
Roi, Bernardo del, here, here
Rojas, Francisco de, here
Roldán, Francisco, here, here
Ronda, here, here
Roussillon, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Royal Monastery of Benavides, here
Ruíz de Medina, Juan, here
Saba, Abraham, here, here
St Eulalia, here
St James, here
St Paul’s Cathedral, here, here
Salamanca, death of Juan of Castile, here
Salamanca University, here, here
Salses-le-Château, here
Samaya, Dr, here, here
San Francisco monastery, here
San Jerónimo of Murtra monastery, here
San Martín, Friar Juan de, here
San Pablo monastery, here, here
San Pedro de las Dueñas convent, here
San Salvador, here, here
San Sebastián, here
sanbenito hats, here
Sandoval, Catalina de, here, here
Sanlúcar de Barrameda, here
Santa Clara convent, here
Santa Cruz, Alonso de, here, here
Santa Cruz monastery, here, here
Santa María del Prado monastery, here
Santa María of the Conception, here
Santa Olalla, here
Santander, here
Santángel, Luis, here, here
Santángel, Simon de, here
Santarém, here
Santiago de Compostela, here
Santiago military order, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Santo Domingo, here, here, here, here
Santo Domingo de la Calzada, clerics live openly with women, here
Santo Tomás, here
São Tomé, here
Sardinia, here, here, here, here, here
Sarmiento, García, here
Sarmiento, María, here
Savage, Dr Thomas, here
Savonarola, Girolamo, here
Savoy, Duke of, here
Scales, Lord (Edward Woodville), here, here
Schiavo, Giorgio, here
School of Translators, here
Scythia, here
Segovia, Rodrigo Sánchez de, here
Segovia
Alfonso of Castile enters, here
anti-converso riots, here
Ferdinand’s arrival, here
and Inquisition, here, here
Isabella meets Enrique IV, here
and Isabella’s accession, here, here, here
lands granted to Cabrera, here
mourning in cathedral, here, here
public protests, here
situation, here
royal treasury, here, here
and wool trade, here
Semidán, Tenesor, here
Seneor, Abraham, here, here, here
Sepulveda rebellion, here
Serbia, here
Setenil, here
Seville
ban on reconciliados, here
celebrates proxy marriage, here
compared with Granada, here
description of, here
expulsion of Jews, here, here
Ferdinand’s arrival, here
fourteenth-century pogroms, here
and Granada war, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
hit by tornado, here
and Inquisition, here, here, here, here
instability in, here, here, here, here
Isabella resides in Alcázar, here, here, here
and Málaga prisoners, here
pacification of, here
slave market, here
tomb of Fernando III, here
wolves run through streets, here
Sforza, Giovanni, here, here
Sforza, Ludovico, here
Shakespeare, William, here
Sicily, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
alchemist’s wife left in, here
Sículo, Lucio Marineo, here
siege warfare, advances in, here, here
Siena, here, here
Sierra Leone, here
Sierra Morena, here
Sierra Nevada, here, here, here
Siete Partidas, here
Simón, Juan, here
simony, here, here
Sixtus IV, Pope, here, here, here, here, here
slaves and slavery, here, here, here
and Columbus’s voyages, here, here, here, here, here
in Juana of Castile’s service, here, here
Muslim slaves, here
smallpox, here, here, here
soap-making, here
sodomy, here, here
Solís, Alfonso de (bishop of Cadiz), here, here
Solís, Isabel de (Zoraya), here
Solomon, King, here, here
Solomon, Abraham ben, here
soothsayers, here, here
Soria, here
Soto, Dr, here
Sousa, Ruy de, here
Spain, dual monarchy and unity of, here, here, here, here, here, here
and birth of male heir, here
yoke and arrows symbol, here
Spanish church
attempts at reform, here
and concubinage, here
corruption, here, here, here, here, here
resists Reformation, here
wealth, here, here
Spanish Netherlands, here
Stúñiga, Álvaro de (count of Plasencia), here, here, here, here
Stúñiga, Pedro de, here
sugar cane, here
sumptuary laws, here
swine flu, in Hispaniola, here
&nb
sp; Swiss mercenaries, here
syphilis, here
Taíno people, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Tájara, here
Talavera, Friar Hernando de, here, here, here, here
and attempted assassination of Ferdinand, here
and Christopher Columbus, here, here, here
and church reform, here, here
and Isabella’s reputation, here, here, here
and Muslim population, here
opposed to Cisneros, here
and slavery, here
suffers under Inquisition, here
Talavera, Juan de, here
Tangiers, here, here, here
taqiya (pretend conversion), here
Tarazona, here
Tarragona, here
Tartars, here
Tello, Gómez, here
Tendilla, Count of, here, here, here
Tenerife, here
Tenochtitlan, here
Thomas, Hugh, here
Tirant lo Blanc, here
Tlemcen, here
tobacco, here
Toledo, Alfonso Martínez de, here
Toledo, Dr, here
Toledo
and Anghiera’s return, here
anti-converso rioting, here
choir stall reliefs, here
and clerical concubinage, here
concerted mosques and synagogues, here, here
Ferdinand appears with elephant, here
and Inquisition, here, here
Isabella gains control of, here
Jewish population, here, here
Juana of Castile’s arrival, here
monarchs’ formal entry, here
Muslim conquest, here
pacification of, here
and Portuguese war, here
situation, here
wealth of priests, here
Tordesillas, here, here, here, here, here
Isabella’s speech at, here
Toro, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Torquemada, Tomás de, here, here, here
and expulsion of Jews, here, here
and Inquisition, here, here, here, here, here, here
Torre, Juana de la, here, here, here
Torrelaguna, here
Torres, Antonio de, here, here, here
Toscanelli, Paolo del Pozzo, here, here
Trastámara dynasty, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Treatise on the Loves of Arnalte and Lucenda, here
Treaty of Alcáçovas, here, here, here
Treaty of Medina del Campo, here
Treaty of Tordesillas, here
Treviño, Duke of, here, here
Triana, here, here
Trinidad, here
Trujillo, here, here, here
Tudor dynasty, here, here, here, here
Turégano, here
typhus, here
Úbeda, here, here
Uclés, here
Ulloa, Rodrigo de, here
Umayyad dynasty, here
Utrera, here
Valdés, Francisco de, here
Valencia
and Inquisition, here
Muslim population, here, here
Rodrigo Borgia’s arrival, here
slave market, here
summary executions, here
Valencia de Alcántara, here
Valencia de Don Juan, here
Valera, Diego de, here, here, here, here
Valladolid
anti-converso rioting, here
execution of Luna, here, here
and Inquisition, here
Isabella and Ferdinand’s marriage, here, here
Isabella’s arrival, here
permanent court established, here
and wool trade, here
Vallés, Juan, here
Vega of Granada, here, here
Velasco, Pedro de, here
Velázquez, Diego, here
Vélez Blanco, surrender of, here
Vélez-Málaga, here
Venegas, Abulcacim, here
Venice, here, here
Venier, Antonio Giacomo, here, here
Vera, Fernando de, here
Veracruz, here
Vespucci, Amerigo, here, here
Victoria, Queen, here
Vienna, siege of, here
Villena, Marquess of, here
Villena marquessate, and Isabella’s will, here
Visigothic Spain, here, here, here
Vitoria, here
Vivero, Juan de, here, here, here
Vives, Luis, here
Vizcaya, here, here, here, here
Vizinho, Joseph, here
volta do mar largo, here
Volterra, Jacopo Gherardi da, here
Warbeck, Perkin, here, here
Warwick, Earl of, here
Watling Island, here
Weiditz, Christopher, here, here
witchcraft, here, here
wool trade, here, here, here, here
Yepes, here
Yusuf, here
Zacuto, Abraham, here
Zafra, Hernando de, here, here
Zahara de la Sierra, here, here, here
Zamora, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
and expulsion of Jews, here, here
Zaragoza, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
Zegri, Hamete, here, here
Zoraya, here, here
Zurita, Jerónimo, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here
A NOTE ON THE AUTHOR
GILES TREMLETT is contributing editor to the Guardian and fellow of the Cañada Blanch Centre at the London School of Economics. He was Madrid correspondent for the Economist until 2016 and, before that, for the Guardian. He has lived in and written about Spain for the past twenty years, and is the author of Catherine of Aragon: The Spanish Queen of Henry VIII and Ghosts of Spain: Travels through Spain and Its Silent Past. He lives in Madrid with his wife and their children.
Plate Section
Isabella used jewellery to express power and provoke awe. The thick, bejeweled gold necklace in this portrait, bearing her symbol of a bundle of arrows, suggests that it is an early representation of the young queen, painted as Mary Magdalene.
Isabella refused to let others choose her husband. By opting for Ferdinand of Aragon, she brought the two largest kingdoms in Iberia together, though her own Castilian kingdoms were much more powerful.
Isabella and Ferdinand formed a formidable partnership based on mutual respect for each other’s abilities as monarchs of Castile.
Isabella was both aware of the power of propaganda and keen to portray herself as a pious woman and instrument of God.
A small band of clever churchmen, often strict and pious friars like Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, became important advisors and powerful administrators.
Tomás de Torquemada (top, centre), architect of both the Spanish Inquisition and the expulsion of Spain’s Jews, helped persuade Isabella and her husband to pursue an aggressive policy of Christian purification.
Margaret of Austria travelled from her home in Burgundy to Spain to marry Isabella’s son and heir to the throne, Prince Juan.
Isabella’s daughter Juana was both rebellious and, ultimately, unable to match her mother’s ability to impose her will on a world run by men. She went down in history as Juana ‘The Mad’.
Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy, was the husband chosen for Juana, as Isabella used her daughters to create a network of alliances across Europe.
It took Christopher Columbus seven years of lobbying at Isabella’s court before he was given permission, and funding, to sail into the unknown in search of the east coast of Asia.
Catherine of Aragon was the youngest of Isabella’s four daughters – and was chosen to cement an alliance with England’s new Tudor dynasty by marrying Henry VII’s offspring.
Henry VII hoped that Catherine of A
ragon would be as impressive a figure as her mother.
Elizabeth of York, Henry VII’s wife, advised Isabella to make sure her daughter learned to drink wine, as English water was undrinkable.
Arthur, Prince of Wales, wrote love letters to Catherine of Aragon, his future bride, after Isabella and her family installed themselves in the Alhambra Palace complex in Granada.
After Arthur died aged only fifteen, Catherine of Aragon married his younger brother, Henry VIII – depicted here as a young child.
The Spanish cardinal Rodrigo Borgia became Pope Alexander VI and angered Isabella with his scandalous behaviour and blatant nepotism.
Giulia Farnese, believed to be the model for this picture, became Rodrigo Borgia’s lover – her face was painted on the wall of his bedchamber at the Vatican Palace.
Lucrezia Borgia, the Pope’s daughter, had an opulent wedding at the Vatican.
The ambitious and ruthless Cesare Borgia was blamed for the murder of his brother Juan, Duke of Gandía, by the latter’s Spanish wife.
Isabella’s grandson, Charles V, inherited a vast empire from his grandparents.
Isabella’s granddaughter, Mary Tudor, would become known as Bloody Mary after inheriting the crown of England.
Isabella’s final years were marked by the pain of mourning the deaths of two of her children and one grandson.
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First published in Great Britain 2017
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© Giles Tremlett, 2017
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Isabella of Castile Page 68