by Jean Plaidy
The Third George
Jean Plaidy
Jean Plaidy
The Third George
Princess Charlotte - The fateful letter
One day in the year 1760, when she was sixteen years old, the Princess Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz wrote a letter which many believed set in motion those events which lifted her from a little German principality, where she would doubtless have spent her days in obscurity, to the throne of England.
Charlotte had been out driving in the company of her elder sister, the Princess Christina. Once a week on Sundays they took their places in the coach drawn by six horses and drove through the countryside with as much state as they were ever allowed, which merely meant that they were escorted by guards. They were dressed in their best gowns, which they were only permitted to wear on Sundays, and they had been warned constantly by their mother, the Dowager Grand Duchess, as well as their governess, the admirable Madame de Grabow, that they must be careful not to soil them as there was no money available to buy more.
Both Princesses were made aware of their poverty, being obliged to mend their own garments and darn their stockings for as long as there was any possibility of continuing to wear them; and as the Grand Duchess and Madame de Grabow believed in discipline and that it was always necessary to have a piece of work in the hands, they must perform these tasks themselves.
Their poverty had increased since the war, which had been going on now for four years, and it was the effects of this war of which she was made deeply aware on that particular Sunday afternoon, which made Charlotte act in such an unprecedented manner.
The coach pulled up suddenly to avoid a woman who had stepped right in its path and Charlotte saw her quite distinctly as she shook her fist at the coachman.
"You'd run us down," cried the woman. "We're of no account. You take our men for the wars and our money for the taxes ... so what matter if you run us down!”
Charlotte noticed that her eyes seemed as though they were sunk deep in her head and that her flesh showed through her torn dress.
She had seen the Princesses in their Sunday gowns and she came to the window of the coach and went on: "That was our farm." She pointed vaguely.
"Who's going to till the land now, eh? They've taken my man. They've taken my sons. And the Prussians come marching through.”
The guards were about to arrest her, but Charlotte cried: "No. Drive on! Drive on." And she and her sister were thrown back against the upholstery of the coach as it jerked into action.
Charlotte was looking out of the window watching the woman.
"It was... terrible," she said.
"Did you see her face, Christina?”
Christina shook her head.
"It was so... tragic," burst out Charlotte.
"You heard what she said. This war ...this fearful war! What good is it doing the country? We're all poor because of it. Not that that is important. They'd taken that woman's husband and son. You heard what she said.”
"You are too vehement, Charlotte.”
"What else can one be ... when that is happening?”
Charlotte stared gloomily out of the window while Christina quickly dismissed the incident and continued to smile at her own thoughts. It was no use trying to interest Christina in anything since the Duke of Roxburgh had come to Mecklenburg.
So Charlotte gave up the attempt. Perhaps if she had talked to her she would not have felt compelled to give vent to her indignation on paper. She could have expressed it to Christina, could have discussed with her what they could do about it. But Christina was too absorbed in her own delicious thoughts.
The effects of this terrible war are everywhere, thought Charlotte. Yet never had they seemed so obvious as they did on this afternoon. When she had looked into that woman's face she had seen something which she would never forget a reproach, an appeal. She must do something.
It was not easy when one was sixteen. Her mother would tell her that the war was no affair of hers; and Madame de Grabow would agree with her mother. As for her brother, the ruler of Strelitz, he never had time for her, so she would soon be sent back to the schoolroom if she attempted to talk to him. Her friend and companion Ida von Billow was too frivolous. She would agree she always agreed but she would sigh and say "Yes, Princess, but what can we do about it?”
"There must be something I can do," she said aloud.
"What?" asked Christina idly.
Charlotte did not answer, and Christina did not notice that she had not.
So Charlotte gave herself up to studying the countryside and was appalled afresh by the effects the war had had on it.
She saw the people inadequately clad, inadequately fed; she saw villages through which the soldiers had passed, and plundered as they went. They had even desecrated the churches and in doing so robbed them of some of the sacred ornaments. And these were the Germans, their own people the Prussians, the most brilliant makers of war in the world.
When the coach arrived back at the castle Charlotte was in a militant mood.
The castle, like the villages through which they had pasted, was in a state of crumbling decay.
There was a rampart, but the tower was almost in ruins and the old grenadier who was supposed to guard the drawbridge had laid his musket down beside him so that he could get on with knitting a stocking.
He looked up and nodded a greeting as the coach raided over the bridge and into the courtyard.
Charlotte, to whom the schloss had been home ever since her brother had inherited the ducal crown eight years ago, noticed for the first time how shabby it was. Only the glass lamps over the gateway and the two cranes set there like guards reminded one that this was the ducal residence.
We are all poor, thought Charlotte, and it is all due to this terrible war.
Never before this afternoon had the war seemed so terrible. She had followed its progress on the maps her governess Madame de Grabow had made for Madame de Grabow was an expert map- maker and had a passion for geography which she had imparted to Charlotte. She knew that the war was due to the desires of Frederick of Prussia to dominate Europe and of Maria Theresa of Austria to take back from Frederick the province of Silesia. On Maria Theresa's side were France, Russia and Poland, while the English had promised assistance to Frederick. There were strong family ties between the English and the Germans and Madame de Grabow was constantly referring to the island off the coast of Europe which was becoming increasingly powerful and was even at this time at war with the French over their colonies.
And these ambitious rulers, thought Charlotte, were seeking their victories at the expense of the people of such poor little dukedoms as Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
She glanced at Christina. One must not be hard on Christina who after all was twenty-six years old and in love. One could not mix love and war and Charlotte supposed the first was a more inviting subject for thought than the second.
Charlotte had no reason to think of love, so she gave herself up to the contemplation of war and continued to ask herself what she could do about it.
There was one man who could stop this wicked waste, this pillage; who could by the stroke of pen and one word of command prevent his soldiers from laying waste villages, robbing churches and plundering the houses which stood on their routes. This was Frederick of Prussia, whom they called Frederick the Great.
But he would never listen to a sixteen-year-old girl. If she wrote to him her letter would never reach him. He would say she was a silly young creature. What if he complained to her brother?
Then there would be trouble.
Yet, thought Charlotte, if I did nothing I should never be able to forget that woman's face. Perhaps she was put in my path today for a purpose.
No,
certainly she would never forgive herself if she did not take some action. But what?
She found her attendant, Ida von Billow, and her governess, Madame de Grabow, in her apartments. Ida was a frivolous girl, but the governess was a very distinguished lady indeed; she was now a widow and her father had been Mecklenburg's ambassador at the Court of Vienna. She was so learned that she was known throughout Mecklenburg as the German Sappho; an ideal governess for the Princesses, approved of by both their mother, the Grand Duchess, and their brother, the Duke.
Madame de Grabow said: "News has reached us of King Frederick's latest victory. I will show you on the map.”
The map was spread out on the schoolroom table, but Charlotte who loved maps almost as much as Madame de Grabow could find no pleasure in it today. She saw those delicately tinted areas as stricken villages, occupied by hopeless old men, women and children because the young ones were away from home fighting on the battlefields; she saw the desecrated churches, the desolate homesteads.
She did not speak of her emotions to Madame de Grabow, for she was sure that lady would heartily disapprove of what she intended to do, but as soon as she was in her bedchamber she called to Ida to bring her pen and ink and when it was brought she settled down to write.
May it please your Majesty, I am at a loss whether I should congratulate or condole with you on your late victory, since the same success which has covered you with laurels has overspread the country of Mecklenburg with desolation. I know, Sire, that it seems unbecoming in my sex, in this age of vicious refinement, to feel for one's country, to lament the horrors of war, or wish for the return of peace. I know you may think it more properly my province to study the arts of pleasing, or to inspect subjects of a more domestic nature; but however unbecoming it maybe in me, I cannot resist the desire of interceding for this unhappy people.
It was but a few years ago that this country wore the most pleasing aspect. The land was cultivated, the peasants were cheerful and the towns rich and gay. How they have changed! I am not an expert at description, nor can my fancy add any horrors to the picture; but surely even conquerors themselves would weep at the hideous change.
The whole country, my dear country, is one frightful wasteland, presenting only objects to excite terror, pity and despair. There is no longer work for farmers and shepherds for they have become soldiers and help to ravage the soil they once cultivated. The towns are inhabited only by old men, women and children; while perhaps here and there a warrior, by wounds or loss of limbs rendered unfit for service, is left at his door, where little children hang around him, to ask the history of every wound, and grow themselves soldiers before they find strength for the field. But this were nothing, did we not feel the alternate insolence of either army as it happens to advance or retreat, in pursuing its campaigns. It is impossible indeed to express the confusion which they who call themselves our friends create, for even those from whom we expect relief only oppress us with new calamities. From your justice it is, therefore, Sir, that we hope redress; to you even children and women may complain, whose humanity stoops to the meanest petition and whose power is capable of redressing the greatest wrong.
Your Majesty's humble servant Charlotte Sophia Mecklenburg-Strelitz Charlotte's usually pale cheeks were tinged with pink. Dare she send such a letter? If her mother knew, if her brother discovered, what would they say? They would be horrified. How dared she, a girl of sixteen, a girl of no account, write such a letter of reproach to King Frederick of Prussia.
She was more or less telling him what he should do.
"I will send it," Charlotte told herself fiercely. "For I shall despise myself for ever more if I do not.”
She sealed the letter and kept it in her secret pocket; and when the messenger next left with letters for Prussia she gave it into his hands to be put in no others than those of King Frederick. Then began the misgivings; then the realization of what she had done.
She waited for the inevitable reverberations.
Charlotte folded the petticoat she had been mending and laid it carefully on the table and, grimacing, picked up a gown from the pile of clothing which lay between her and Ida von Billow Ida was aware of the Princess's mood and thought she knew the reason for it. She was after all sixteen and must wonder often whether she would ever escape from the monotony of life here in the schloss. It was certainly dull, Ida conceded, and surely Charlotte must be wondering whether marriage would ever rescue her from it.
But what chance would she ever have? The dukedom of which her brother had become reigning sovereign eight years ago was an insignificant one about one hundred and twenty miles in length and thirty in breadth and since the war it had become more impoverished than ever. No, Charlotte's chances were small. She was not even handsome, but rather what kindly people called 'homely'. Though her expression was pleasant, and a lively intelligence lightened her face she was so pale as to be colourless; small and thin, she entirely lacked that fleshy rotundity so necessary to Teutonic beauty; her nose was too flat and her mouth so large that had she possessed the most perfect features otherwise, it would have prevented any claim to beauty.
Charlotte held up the gown.
"There is not much life left in it," she declared. "I may patch the skirt but I shall be out at the elbows the next time I wear it.”
"A waste of time, Princess," agreed Ida.
"But," went on Charlotte, smiling a little wickedly and imitating Madame de Grabow's voice to the life, 'at least I am occupied. Idle hands are the outward manifestation of an idle mind.”
Ida laughed but Charlotte went on judiciously: "Madame de Grabow is right. I am indeed fortunate that she should be my governess.”
"Very fortunate.”
"I must always remember it. Oh dear, I don't think I can do any more with this gown. If only ...”
"You will not get a new one until the war is over.”
The war. She daren't think of it. What would he say when he received her letter? Whenever the door opened she started, expecting to see a page there summoning her to her mother ... or worse still to her brother.
Ida must be regarding her curiously so she threw aside the gown and picked up a piece of embroidery.
"That's better. It's a pretty pattern. Don't you agree, Ida? But of course you always agree. Ida, how deeply do you think my sister is in love?”
Ida gave a spurt of merriment. "She couldn't be in deeper.”
"Do you think she will be allowed to marry the gentleman?”
Ida thought it likely. Christina was ten years older than Charlotte. If she did not find a husband now she never would; and an English duke would not be an impossible match. The daughter of a minor German duke could not hope for European royalty. Yes, Ida thought an English duke might do very nicely.
"I do hope so, Ida," said Charlotte fervently. "Although I should miss her. She would go to England.”
"And they are our allies in the war ...”
Charlotte wanted to put her fingers into her ears. Phrases from that most impertinent letter kept ringing in her head. Sometimes she would awake in the night and hear them. Did I really write that? Did I? And did I really send it to the King of Prussia?
"I heard it was very grand at the English Court," she said quickly.
"And Christina would of course go to Court. Ida, perhaps it is a good thing that we are a poor little dukedom because that means that no great king would ever ask for our hands ... and therefore Christina may be allowed to marry her duke. Be careful. Here she comes.”
The Princess Christina came into the apartment. There was a resemblance between them, but she was more handsome than Charlotte and being in love had transformed her.
"What news?" cried Charlotte.
"News of what?" demanded Christina. "The war ...”
"No, no, no! Of you... and your duke.”
"What news should there be?”
"That Mamma and our brother have given their consent to your marriage.”
"Not yet, but.
..”
"They will," said Charlotte.
"They must. Christina, when you are an English duchess will you invite me to visit you in England?”
"You may be sure I shall.”
"I wonder what it's like there. I wonder if all the stories we hear of it are true.”
"Some are." Christina was knowledgeable through conversations with her lover. "The new King is very young, only twenty or so. And the people' have long been waiting for the old one to die.
They believe everything will be different now he is gone. It will be a change for the better for the King is a very good young man... modest and virtuous. Unusual qualities for a king.”
Charlotte shuddered, thinking of that other king whom she could not get out of her mind.
"I have heard manners are free and easy at the English Court," said Ida.
"Oh, the English!" laughed Christina.
"They are not so ... disciplined as we are. If they disapprove of the royal family they don't hesitate to say so.”
"That is good," said Charlotte with vehemence. "I... I believe that people should speak their minds.”
"But to kings!”
"Yes, to kings.”
Christina went on: "Oh, yes, there are lampoons and songs always being circulated. The people get together in the coffee and chocolate houses. They are all over the town, these houses ... and people go there to drink coffee and chocolate and stronger things and talk ...and talk...”
Madame de Grabow came into the room.
She said: "I have just come from the Grand Duchess. I have orders to prepare us to leave for Pyrmont to take the waters.”
Christina looked a little downcast, guessing this would mean a temporary separation from her duke... Charlotte, watching her, thought wistfully: I wonder if I shall ever have a lover. I wonder if I shall ever marry.
"Come," said the efficient Madame de Grabow, 'there is much to do. The Grand Duchess is anxious to leave without delay.”
It was pleasant at Pyrmont. The Grand Duchess took her daughters to the pump rooms and it was certain that they benefited by the change. They lived simply, staying at a nearby country house and partaking in the life of the place like any noble family on holiday.