Herbert Hoover
Page 47
ENDNOTES
Prologue
1. David Hinshaw, Herbert Hoover: American Quaker (New York, 1950), 63.
2. Iowa City Press-Citizen, August 12, 1989, Reprint File, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library (hereafter cited as HHPL); George H. Nash, afterword to The Life of Herbert Hoover: Keeper of the Torch, 1933–1964, by Gary Dean Best (New York, 2013), 470.
3. “Herbert Hoover,” 1874–1964, White Book 2, HHPL.
4. Iowa Press-Citizen, August 12, 1989, Reprint File, HHPL.
5. Ibid.
6. Glen Jeansonne, The Life of Herbert Hoover, 1928–1933: Fighting Quaker (New York, 2012), chaps. 1, 5–6, 9–11.
7. Ibid., chaps. 1, 11, 13, 18.
8. See Gary Dean Best, The Life of Herbert Hoover, 1933–1964: Keeper of the Torch (New York, 2013), passim.
Chapter 1. A Quaker Orphan on the Frontier
1. Eugene Lyons, Herbert Hoover: A Biography (Garden City, NY, 1964), 1; David Burner, Herbert Hoover: A Public Life (New York, 1979), 6; Theodore J. Hoover, “Memoranda, Being a Statement of an Engineer,” 1939, Acct. 585, Box 1, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library (hereafter cited as HHPL), 16.
2. T. Hoover, “Memoranda,” 1–6; Burner, Hoover: A Public Life, 4; George H. Nash, The Life of Herbert Hoover: The Engineer, 1874–1914 (New York, 1983), 1–3; James R. Bowers, “Herbert Hoover: Ambivalent Quaker” (master’s thesis, University of Illinois Legal Center, 1981), 52–60.
3. Vernon Kellogg, Herbert Hoover: The Man and His Work (New York, 1920), 14; Richard Norton Smith, An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover (New York, 1984), 63; Will Irwin, Herbert Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography (New York, 1928), 6.
4. T. Hoover, “Memoranda,” 26; Alfred Steinberg, Herbert Hoover (New York, 1967), 14; Kellogg, Hoover: The Man and His Work, 14–15.
5. T. Hoover, “Memoranda,” 13–16; Montessori quote from Herbert Hoover, The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover, vol. 1, Years of Adventure, 1874–1920 (New York, 1951), 5.
6. T. Hoover, “Memoranda,” 13–14, 16; Lyons, Hoover: A Biography, 16; William Eckley, Herbert Hoover (Boston, 1980), 16.
7. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 16–17.
8. Herbert Hoover, Hoover After Dinner: Addresses Delivered by Herbert Hoover (New York, 1933), 125–26.
9. Ibid., 129.
10. Lyons, Hoover: A Biography, 12.
11. David Hinshaw, Herbert Hoover: American Quaker (New York, 1950), 62.
12. Theodore Joslin, ed., Hoover Off the Record (New York, 1917), 310; Mitchell V. Charnley, The Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover (New York, 1931), 37, 43–45; Hinshaw, Hoover: American Quaker, 4.
13. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 21–24.
14. Martin Fausold, The Presidency of Herbert Hoover (Lawrence, KS, 1985), 3–4.
15. Herbert Hoover to Lewis L. Strauss, Christmas 1953, Subject File, HHPL.
16. Ibid.
17. James Quinton Cahill, “Herbert Hoover’s Early Schooling and Its Place in Presidential Politics,” Annals of Iowa 61, no. 2 (Spring 2002): 156–59, 176; Iowa Press-Citizen, July 10, 1928, White Book 1, HHPL.
18. Charnley, Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover, 37; T. Hoover, “Memoranda,” 35; Lyons, Hoover: A Biography, 12.
19. T. Hoover, “Memoranda,” 18–19, 20–25.
20. Ibid., 24–25; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 19.
21. Cahill, “Herbert Hoover’s Early Schooling,” 185; Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 12.
22. Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 15–17.
23. T. Hoover, “Memoranda,” 26–27.
24. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 19–20; Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 11; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:31.
25. T. Hoover, “Memoranda,” 36.
26. Smith, An Uncommon Man, 66.
27. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 26–27; T. Hoover, “Memoranda,” 22–23, 37–40; Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 11.
28. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 26–28; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:6; Stratton, Herbert Hoover’s Home Town, 53 (source of Wally quote).
29. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 29; Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 12; Charnley, Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover, 55; Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 27; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:10–11.
30. Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 28; Herbert Hoover, On Growing Up, ed. William Nichols (New York, 1962), 147, 157.
31. Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 17.
32. Burner, Hoover: A Public Life, 14.
33. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 31–32; Quote from Kendrick A. Clements, Hoover, Conservation, and Consumerism: Engineering the Good Life (Lawrence, KS, 2000), 17.
34. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 33.
35. Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 17.
36. Hoover, Memoirs, 1:11–12.
37. Smith, An Uncommon Man, 67.
38. T. Hoover, “Memoranda,” 67–68; Charnley, Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover, 62–65; Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 19–20; Joan Hoff, Herbert Hoover: Forgotten Progressive (Boston, 1975), 10–11.
39. Burner, Hoover: A Public Life, 14–15; Charnley, Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover, 65–66; Hal Elliott Wert, Hoover: The Fishing President: Portrait of the Private Man and His Life Outdoors (Mechanicsburg, PA, 2005); T. Hoover, “Memoranda,” 67–68.
40. Burner, Hoover: A Public Life, 15; Smith, An Uncommon Man, 68; Clements, Hoover, Conservation, and Consumerism, 14; Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 23.
41. Wert, Hoover: The Fishing President, 33, 42–47.
42. Hoover, Memoirs, 1:13–14.
43. Smith, An Uncommon Man, 417; Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 25.
44. Burner, Hoover: A Public Life, 14–15; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 35; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:114.
45. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 32–36; Kellogg, Hoover: The Man and His Work, 27–30; Harold Wolfe, Herbert Hoover: Public Servant and Leader of the Loyal Opposition (New York, 1956), 17; Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 31–33; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:14.
46. Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 32–33; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 36–38; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:15.
47. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 37.
48. Ibid., 38–39; George H. Nash, Herbert Hoover and Stanford University (Stanford, CA, 1988), 3–5.
49. Nash, Hoover and Stanford University, 5; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 39.
Chapter 2. Cardinal Red
1. George H. Nash, Herbert Hoover and Stanford University (Stanford, CA, 1988), 3–5; Hal Elliott Wert, Hoover: The Fishing President: Portrait of the Private Man and His Life Outdoors (Mechanicsburg, PA, 2005), 49; Will Irwin, Herbert Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography (New York, 1928), 34–37; The Story of Hoover, White Book 1, n.p., unpaginated, HHPL).
2. Herbert Hoover, The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover, vol. 1, Years of Adventure, 1874–1920 (New York, 1951), 16–17; Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 39–41; Vernon Kellogg, Herbert Hoover: The Man and His Work (New York, 1920), 34–37; Mitchell V. Charnley, The Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover (New York, 1931), 80–81.
3. Kellogg, Hoover: The Man and His Work, 37, 40–42, 56–57; Nash, Hoover and Stanford University, 6.
4. Nash, Hoover and Stanford University, 6; Harold Wolfe, Herbert Hoover: Public Servant and Leader of the Loyal Opposition (New York, 1956), 17–18.
5. Alfred Steinberg, Herbert Hoover (New York, 1967), 43–44; Nash, Hoover and Stanford University, 6–7; George H. Nash, The Life of Herbert Hoover: The Engineer, 1874–1914 (New York, 1983), 28.
6. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 43–44.
7. Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 45–47; Nash, Hoover and Stanford University, 20; quote from Wilton Eckley, Herbert Hoover (Boston, 1980), 20.
8. Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 45–46.
9. Richard Norton Smith, An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover (New Yor
k, 1984), 69; Nash, Hoover and Stanford University, 6–7; Herbert Hoover’s Days at Stanford, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 63, Stanford, 1895, n.p., HHPL.
10. Nash, Hoover and Stanford University, 8; Charnley, Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover, 90–91.
11. Charnley, Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover, 93–95; Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 49–50; Craig M. Lloyd, Aggressive Introvert: Herbert Hoover and Public Relations Management, 1912–1932 (Columbus, OH, 1972), 7.
12. Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 50–52; Charnley, Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover, 95–98.
13. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 45–46.
14. Ibid., 46–47; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:21; Charnley, Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover, 88.
15. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 50–51; Nash, Hoover and Stanford University, 7–8; Stanford Daily, February 14, 1940, Post-Presidential Papers (hereafter cited as PPP), Box 159, Football, 1940–63, HHPL; Hoover Speech to the National Football Foundation Hall of Fame, New York City, December 6, 1960, PPP, Box 159, Football, HHPL.
16. Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 58–61; Stanford Illustrated Review, December 1931, PPP, Box 159, Football, 1940–63, HHPL; Stanford Football Varsity, 1894 Team, PPP, Box 159, Football, 1940–63, HHPL.
17. Charnley, Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover, 112–13.
18. Stanford, Hoover’s Days at Stanford, 1895, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 63, unpaginated; Wolfe, Hoover: Public Servant, 18.
19. The Story of Hoover, excerpt from White Book 1; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 59–60.
20. Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 35; The Story of Hoover, excerpt from White Book 1.
21. The Story of Hoover, excerpt from White Book 1; Charnley, Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover, 103–5; Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 53–54.
22. Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 53–57; Charnley, Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover, 103–5; Nash, Hoover and Stanford University, 10–12; Ray Lyman Wilbur, “Herbert Hoover: A Personal Sketch,” 7–9; Articles about or by Herbert Hoover, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 26, HHPL.
23. Charnley, Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover, 109–10.
24. New York Evening Post, September 26, 1928, White Book 2, HHPL; Smith, An Uncommon Man, 69–70; “Sons of the Stanford Red: Hoover—Pioneer,” Stanford Illustrated Review 21, no. 1, 110–12, HHPL.
25. Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 66.
26. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 60–61; Hal Elliott Wert, Hoover: The Fishing President: Portrait of the Private Man and His Life Outdoors (Mechanicsburg, PA, 2005), 53–54; Helen B. Pryor, Lou Henry Hoover: Gallant First Lady (New York, 1969), 18–25.
27. Wert, Hoover: The Fishing President, 53–59; Pryor, Lou Henry Hoover, 27.
28. Smith, An Uncommon Man, 71–72.
29. Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 38; Wert, Hoover: The Fishing President, 55–57; Nancy Beck Young, Lou Henry Hoover: Activist First Lady (Lawrence, KS, 2004), 9–10.
30. Smith, An Uncommon Man, 71–72; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 60–61, 69; Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 63–64, 67; Pryor, Lou Henry Hoover, 26–28.
31. David Burner, Herbert Hoover: A Public Life (New York, 1979), 17–18; Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 36–37; Nash, Hoover and Stanford University, 13–15; “Herbert Hoover’s Days at Stanford,” 1895, unpaginated, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 63, HHPL.
32. Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 38–39; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 59; Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 62.
33. Nash, Hoover and Stanford University, 17–18; Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 39; Wert, Hoover: The Fishing President, 59; Charnley, Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover, 120–21; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:23–24.
34. Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 66–67.
Chapter 3. The Great Engineer
1. Alfred Steinberg, Herbert Hoover (New York, 1967), 65–66; Will Irwin, Herbert Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography (New York, 1928), 68.
2. George H. Nash, The Life of Herbert Hoover: The Engineer, 1874–1914 (New York, 1981), 48–49.
3. Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 69–70; Herbert Hoover, The Memoirs of Herbert Hoover, vol. 1, Years of Adventure, 1874–1920 (New York, 1951), 25–26; Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 45–46; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 67.
4. David Burner, Herbert Hoover: A Public Life (New York, 1979), 21–24; Mitchell V. Charnley, The Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover (New York, 1931), 127–35; Vernon Kellogg, Herbert Hoover: The Man and His Work (New York, 1920), 60–63; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:25–27; Information for Biographers of Herbert Hoover, Articles about or by Herbert Hoover, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 25 (probably 1916), 5, Herbert Hoover Presidential Library (hereafter cited as HHPL).
5. Hugh Gibson, “Herbert C. Hoover,” Century Magazine, August 1917, 510; Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 74; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 71; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:28.
6. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 71–74; Kellogg, Hoover: The Man and His Work, 67–68; Unmarked clipping, March 28, 1897, Album 51, Box 69, Pre-Commerce Papers, Clippings, 1900, HHPL.
7. Hoover to friends, April 16, 1897, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 1, Australia, 1897–98, HHPL.
8. Kellogg, Hoover: The Man and His Work, 68–70.
9. Hoover to Tad and May, undated, 1897, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 1, Australia, 1897–98, HHPL.
10. George H. Nash, Herbert Hoover and Stanford University (Stanford, CA, 1988), 21.
11. Hoover to Tad, September 27, 1897, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 1, Australia, 1897–98, HHPL.
12. Hoover to Tad, February 15, 1898, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 1, Australia, 1897–98, HHPL.
13. Hoover to Tad, undated [1897], Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 1, Australia, 1897–98, HHPL.
14. Hoover to Tad, June 6, 1897, June 1898 (undated), July 9, 1897, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 1, Australia, 1897–98, HHPL; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 77–80; Kellogg, Hoover: The Man and His Work, 74.
15. Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 64–65, 74–79, 84; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:33; Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 80–81; Kellogg, Hoover: The Man and His Work, 74–75; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 80–82.
16. Hoover to Tad, undated, April 1898, July 1898, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 1, Australia, 1897–98, HHPL.
17. Hoover to Tad, undated, April 1898, July 1898, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 1, Australia, HHPL.
18. Hoover to Tad, undated, 1898, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 1, Australia, HHPL.
19. Hoover to Tad, November 1, 1898, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 1, Australia, 1897–98, HHPL.
20. Hoover to Tad, November 2, 1898, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 1, Australia, 1897–98, HHPL.
21. Hal Elliott Wert, “Hoover’s Brush with the Boxers,” History Today 61, no. 9 (September 2011): 36–37; Richard Norton Smith: An Uncommon Man: The Triumph of Herbert Hoover (New York, 1984), 75; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:36; Dale Mayer, Lou Henry Hoover: A Prototype for First Ladies (New York, 2004), 46; Nash, Hoover and Stanford University, 22.
22. Helen B. Pryor, Lou Henry Hoover: Gallant First Lady (New York, 1969), 36–37, 45–47; Mayer, Lou Henry Hoover, 52–54; Chicago Daily News, June 12, 1929.
23. Mayer, Lou Henry Hoover, 57–58, 125–28; Wert, “Hoover’s Brush with the Boxers,” 39.
24. Wert, “Hoover’s Brush with the Boxers,” 36–38, 41–43.
25. Hal Elliott Wert, Hoover: The Fishing President, Portrait of the Private Man and His Life Outdoors (Mechanicsburg, PA, 2005), 73; Mayer, Lou Henry Hoover, 57.
26. Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 112–13; Mayer, Lou Henry Hoover, 55; Wert, “Hoover’s Brush with the Boxers,” 38; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 87; Hoover to Tad, undated, 1899, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 1, HHPL.
27. Wert, Hoover: The Fishing President, 71–73; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:61–64; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 88–92.
28. Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 105–7; Burner, Hoover: A Public Life, 34–36.
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29. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 87–89; Wert, Hoover: The Fishing President, 73.
30. Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 86–93; Kellogg, Hoover: The Man and His Work, 87–90; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:40–44; Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent History, 85; Mayer, Lou Henry Hoover, 56–57.
31. Wert, “Hoover’s Brush with the Boxers,” 40–41; Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 117, 118; Pryor, Lou Henry Hoover, 48; Mayer, Lou Henry Hoover, 73.
32. Mayer, Lou Henry Hoover, 71; Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 120–23.
33. Wert, “Hoover’s Brush with the Boxers,” 40–41; Charnley, Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover, 164–69; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 98–101.
34. Irwin, Hoover: A Reminiscent Biography, 90–91, 95–96; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:51; Charnley, Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover, 165–67; Wert, “Hoover’s Brush with the Boxers,” 41; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 104.
35. Wert, “Brush with the Boxers,” 41; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:40; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 97–99.
36. Wert, “Brush with the Boxers,” 41–43; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:52–53; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 102; Kellogg, Hoover: The Man and His Work, 95; Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 121–23.
37. George H. Nash has the most detailed account of the intricately tangled negotiations. See Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 124–47; Lou Henry Hoover to Theodore Hoover, 1920 [?], “Chinese Story,” 8–10, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 10, HHPL; Hoover to Tad, July 15, 1901, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 1, HHPL; Charnley, Boy’s Life of Herbert Hoover, 172–74.
38. Hoover, Memoirs, 1:99–103; Steinberg, Herbert Hoover, 106.
39. Hoover, Memoirs, 1:103–4; Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 184–90; Hoover to Tad, April 15, 1901, Pre-Commerce Papers, Box 1, HHPL.
40. Hugh Gibson, “Herbert C. Hoover,” Century Magazine, August 1917, 513–14; Theodore J. Hoover, “Memoranda, Being a Statement of an Engineer,” 1939, Acct. 585, Box 1, HHPL, 276; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:90.
41. Nash, Hoover: The Engineer, 224–25; Hoover, Memoirs, 1:74–75; Burner, Hoover: A Public Life, 44; Kellogg, Hoover: The Man and His Work, 102–3; Mildred Houghton Comfort, Herbert Hoover, Humanitarian (Minneapolis, MN, 1960), 75.