by David Talbot
69Taylor . . . later called Donovan’s actions “ill conceived”: Ibid., 186.
70“Most men of the caliber required”: Allen W. Dulles, “That Was Then: Allen W. Dulles on the Occupation of Germany,” Foreign Affairs 82, no. 6 (November–December 2003): 2–8.
70the beneficiaries of politically motivated interventions: Salter, Nazi War Crimes, 7–8.
70“The only motive which guided me was my ardent love”: Taylor, Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials, 535.
71“Who in the world is responsible”: Ibid., 535–56.
71it was likely . . . Wheelis, who smuggled the poison capsule: Ibid., 623–24.
71For the badly conducted Nuremberg hangings, see “The Execution of Nazi War Criminals” by reporter Kingsbury Smith of International News Service, aw2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/nuremberg/NurembergNews10_16_46.html. See also: “Night Without Dawn,” Time, Oct. 28, 1946; “Hangman’s End,” Time, Aug. 7, 1950; and Taylor, Anatomy of the Nuremberg Trials, 611.
72For more on Murderers Among Us, see the DEFA Film Library at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, http://www.umass.edu/defa/filmtour/sjmurder.shtml. See also: “German Rubble Film 1946–49,” http://mubi.com/lists/german-rubble-film–1946–49; and “Rotation 1949: Seeing Through Prison Walls,” German Cinema, 1946–49, University of Cambridge Web site, http://timescape.mml.cam.ac.uk/users/djw88/.
Chapter 4: Sunrise
75“To my great and . . . joyful surprise”: Jochen von Lang, Top Nazi: SS General Karl Wolff—The Man Between Hitler and Himmler (New York: Enigma Books, 2005), 138.
75“Don’t worry”: Christopher Hibbert, Mussolini: The Rise and Fall of Il Duce (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 312.
75“I am crucified”: Ibid., 287.
76“My hands were tied”: Ibid., 312.
76“there was a great danger”: Allen Dulles, The Secret Surrender (New York: Harper & Row, 1966), 177.
77Dulles identified himself as “special representative”: From a 1945 interrogation of Wolff by Allied officers, released by CIA under the Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act; Names file: Karl Wolff, NARA.
78“I told Gaevernitz that under the strict orders”: Dulles, Secret Surrender, 177.
79“I will never forget what you have done”: Ibid., 182.
80“It would have made a lovely headline”: “Diary Notes by G.G. on the Rescue of General Wolff,” AWD papers, Mudd Library.
80some historians would identify as the first icy fissures of the Cold War: See, for instance, Bradley Smith and Elena Agarossi, Operation Sunrise: The Secret Surrender (New York: Basic Books, 1979), 186–88.
80some German divisions . . . were told not to lay down their arms: Kerstin von Lingen, “Conspiracy of Silence: How the ‘Old Boys’ of American Intelligence Shielded SS General Karl Wolff from Prosecution,” Holocaust and Genocide Studies 22, no. 1 (Spring 2008): 74–109.
80Truman later wrote in his memoir: Harry S. Truman, 1945: Year of Decisions (New York: Smithmark Publishers, 1995), 201.
81“one of the most stunning triumphs”: Time, Oct. 21, 1966.
81one of the “dandy officers of the SS”: Lang, Top Nazi, 119.
82“Himmler was no businessman”: Ibid., 52.
82For Dulles and Italian Superpower Corp., see Richard Harris Smith, OSS: The Secret History of America’s First Central Intelligence Agency (Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press, 2005), 107. See also: “Italian Super-Power,” Time, Jan. 30, 1928; and William J. Hausman, Peter Hertner, and Mira Wilkins, Global Electrification: Multinational Enterprise and International Finance in the History of Light and Power (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008).
83he was a “moderate”: March 9, 1945, Dulles dispatch from Bern, declassified by CIA under Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, NARA.
83“The conclusions . . . must be left to history”: Dulles, Secret Surrender, 238.
83“one of the unknown giants”: Lang, Top Nazi, viii.
84a highly incriminating letter written by Wolff: Michael Salter, Nazi War Crimes, U.S. Intelligence and Selective Prosecution at Nuremberg (Abingdon, UK: Routledge-Cavendish, 2007), 51.
84Wolff also played a key administrative role: Michael Salter and Suzanne Ost, “War Crimes and Legal Immunities: The Complicities of Waffen-SS General Karl Wolff in Nazi Medical Experiments,” Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion 4, no. 1 (2004): 1–69, http://lawandreligion.com/sites/lawandreligion.com/files/SalterOst.pdf.
85Wolff relaxed on the villa’s terrace: Eugen Dollmann, Call Me Coward (London: William Kimber, 1956), 11–17.
86had promised him “honorable treatment”: For the Dulles team’s promises to Wolff, see Salter, Nazi War Crimes, 118–21.
87enjoyed a pleasant summer idyll on the lake: Lingen, “Conspiracy of Silence.”
88Dulles went so far as to bury incriminating evidence: Ibid.
88it was a way “to prevent me [from] talking”: Ibid.
89he began to have his conversations secretly taped: Salter, Nazi War Crimes, 119.
89Wolff’s letters to President Truman and Major General Lemnitzer, and Wolff-related correspondence between Dulles and Lemnitzer: AWD papers, Mudd Library.
89Wolff insisted that Dulles must come to his aid: Norbert George Barr papers, 1942–1953, Columbia University Rare Books Library.
91“It seemed like old times”: Gaevernitz letter to Dulles, June 18, 1949, AWD papers, Mudd Library.
91“KW doesn’t realize what a lucky man”: AWD letter to Waibel, June 12, 1950, AWD papers, Mudd Library.
92Hitler . . . “completely approved” of his Operation Sunrise machinations: Lang, Top Nazi, 339.
93Wolff had developed a side business: Christopher Simpson, Blowback (New York: Collier Books, 1989), 236.
93Wolff . . . “was most polite”: Wolff file, NARA. All of Names files released under Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act courtesy of Freedom of Information Act attorney James Lesar.
Chapter 5: Ratlines
95“At least in Dachau they had wooden huts”: Eugen Dollmann, Call Me Coward (London: William Kimber, 1956), 46.
95“a delicate alabaster statue”: Ibid., 58.
96His wife, Cicely, would rhapsodize about his “El Greco face”: Tom Mangold, Cold Warrior: James Jesus Angleton, the CIA’s Master Spy Hunter (New York: Touchstone, 1991), 37.
97In Rome, the two men conferred: Burton Hersh, The Old Boys: The American Elite and the Origins of the CIA (St. Petersburg, FL: Tree Farm Books, 2002), 166.
97“He was talking like a young university lecturer”: Dollmann, Call Me Coward, 85.
97“a leather-faced Puritan archangel”: Ibid., 30.
98“We were all afraid you had been killed”: Ibid., 93.
99In Naples, he was invited: Eugen Dollmann, The Interpreter (London: Hutchinson, 1967), 37–41.
100Dollmann later tried to make sense: Ibid., 76–78.
101“She loved crocodile in every shape and form”: Ibid., 117.
101by reading selections from Hitler’s thick police dossier: Robert Katz, “The Talented Doktor Dollmann,” The Boot.it, http://www.theboot.it/dollmann’s_talent.htm.
102Heydrich demanded that Dollmann take him: Dollmann, The Interpreter, 94–95.
102“a self-serving opportunist”: Michael Salter, Nazi War Crimes, U.S. Intelligence and Selective Prosecution at Nuremberg (Abingdon, UK: Routledge-Cavendish, 2007), 73.
103“one of my most disagreeable acquaintances”: Dollmann, Call Me Coward, 48.
103For more on Rauff’s mobile crematoria, see Ernst Klee, ed., “The Good Old Days”: The Holocaust as Seen by Its Perpetrators and Bystanders (Old Saybrook, CT: Konecky and Konecky, 1991), 68–74; “Walter Rauff: Letters to the Gas Van Expert,” Holocaust Education and Archive Research Team, http://www.holocaustresearchproject.org/einsatz/rauff.html; and “The Development of the Gas-Van in the Murdering of the Jews,” Jewish Virtual Library, www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/vans.html.
104Dollmann felt a firm hand: Dollmann, Call Me Coward, 108.<
br />
105“Please call this number”: Author interview with William Gowen.
105“a devious and arrogant son of a bitch”: Ibid.
106Rauff would cap his bloody career in Chile: Names file: Rauff, NARA; “Wanted Nazi Walter Rauff Was West German Spy,” BBC News, Sept. 27, 2011.
107“When I got to Rome”: Author interview with William Gowen.
112U.S. surveillance of Dollmann began getting interesting: Names file: Dollmann, NARA.
114Siragusa had proved very useful to Angleton: Douglas Valentine, The Strength of the Wolf: The Secret History of America’s War on Drugs (London: Verso, 2004), 109 and 227.
116“From the little English I know”: Katz, “The Talented Doktor Dollmann.”
Chapter 6: Useful People
119But, still, the imposing figure struck her as “arrogant”: Author interview with Joan Talley.
120“I want you to know I can see how much you and Allen care for each other”: Peter Grose, Gentleman Spy: The Life of Allen Dulles (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1994), 224.
120“the most complex and overwhelming”: MB journal, Feb. 23, 1978, MB papers.
120“those cold, blue eyes of his”: Ibid.
120“that rather peculiar, mirthless laugh”: Mary Bancroft, Autobiography of a Spy (New York: Morrow, 1983), 133.
120“in the presence of superior possibilities”: William McGuire and R. F. C. Hull, eds., C. G. Jung Speaking: Interviews and Encounters (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987), 258.
121“like a robot, or a mask of a robot”: Ibid., 127.
121“quite a tough nut”: Bancroft, Autobiography of a Spy, 140.
122“was constantly on his lips”: Ibid., 134.
122“I married Allen”: Grose, Gentleman Spy, 75.
123“some poor convicts”: Ibid., 74.
123Her mother would make “fairy circles”: “Parents Journal,” MCD papers.
123“We simply weren’t ready for Latin yet”: Ibid.
124“To me it was a terrible strain”: Ibid.
125“I suppose I did kill [Paul]”: MCD journal, Feb. 17, 1947.
125“his life was somewhere else”: Author interview with Joan Talley.
126“As for Allen, . . . when anyone was in trouble”: MB journal, Feb. 23, 1978.
127“Dad asked for news”: Clover Dulles letter to Joan Talley, Feb. 18, 1945, MCD papers.
127“My husband doesn’t converse with me”: Grose, Gentleman Spy, 246.
128“My wife is an angel”: Bancroft, Autobiography of a Spy, 241.
128Clover drew herself as a crying, forlorn donkey: Ibid., 246.
128“nothing short of a miracle”: “Freudian Analysis, Jungian Analysis,” May 7, 1947, MCD papers.
129“My whole stomach had collapsed”: MCD dream journal, Nov. 25, 1945.
130“no solution but for you and me to be killer whales”: Bancroft, Autobiography of a Spy, 244.
131“at the height of my sexual prowess”: Deirdre Bair, Jung: A Biography (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 2003), 488.
132“He actually shimmered with it”: MB journal, Feb. 23, 1978.
132“I longed for a life of adventure”: Bancroft, Autobiography of a Spy, 7.
132“One of my [OSS] colleagues was frantic”: MB, Columbia University oral history project, Schlesinger Library.
133“What do those people actually do?”: Bancroft, Autobiography of a Spy, 132.
133he gave the psychologist an OSS number—Agent 488: Bair, Jung: A Biography, 492.
133“Quick!” he barked: Bancroft, Autobiography of a Spy, 152.
134“Why the hell didn’t you go?” Ibid., 191.
134“saturated with Nazi ideology”: Bair, Jung: A Biography, 494.
134“Power was my natural element”: Bancroft, Autobiography of a Spy, 112.
135by Mary’s standards, he was by no means sexually reckless: MB journal, Feb. 23, 1978.
135“In order to engage in intelligence work”: Bancroft, Autobiography of a Spy, 89.
135“I like to watch the little mice”: MB journal, Feb. 23, 1978.
136“just like music”: Author interview with Joan Talley.
137the spymaster kept asking the young man to “prove himself”: See Fritz Molden, Exploding Star: A Young Austrian Against Hitler (New York: William Morrow & Co., 1979), 203.
137Joan found Fritz a “very erratic character”: Author interview with Joan Talley.
138“would have gone on trying endlessly”: Letter to AWD, July 3, 1959, MCD papers.
139The opposite of love is not hate: Bancroft, Autobiography of a Spy, 95.
Chapter 7: Little Mice
142she christened her “house of horrors”: Erica Wallach, Light at Midnight (New York: Doubleday, 1967), 4.
142“This business of nothing to look at”: Philadelphia Inquirer, March 29, 1987.
143“Horror, fear, mental torture”: Wallach, Light at Midnight, 6.
143“A person living a normal life”: Hermann Field and Kate Field, Trapped in the Cold War: The Ordeal of an American Family (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999), 101.
144“I must admit that these days I find it hard to concentrate”: Peter Grose, Gentleman Spy: The Life of Allen Dulles (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1994), 257.
145“Our war is over”: Joseph Trento, The Secret History of the CIA (Roseville, CA: Prima Publishing, 2001), 44.
146“The difference between us”: Grose, Gentleman Spy, 267.
146“that bastard”: Leonard Mosley, Dulles (New York: Doubleday, 1978), 251.
147The CIA . . . “has the duty to act”: The Central Intelligence Agency: A Report to the National Security Council, Allen Dulles, chairman, January 1949, http://www.foia.cia.gov/sites/default/files/document_conversions/45/dulles_correa.pdf.
147Dulles scrutinized the election tallies from Rome: Grose, Gentleman Spy, 285.
148At least $2 million of the money: Christopher Simpson, Blowback (New York: Collier Books, 1989), 126.
151“I want to work for world peace”: Mosley, Dulles, 49.
151dedicate his life to becoming a “saint”: Tony Sharp, Stalin’s American Spy: Noel Field, Allen Dulles and the East European Show Trials (London: Hurst & Company, 2013), 16.
151“by far the most practical field”: Ibid., 20.
152“a stupid child in the woods”: Ibid., 29.
153Schlesinger took a strong disliking to Field: Arthur Schlesinger Jr., A Life in the Twentieth Century (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 2002), 334. See also Schlesinger’s review of Red Pawn: The Story of Noel Field by Flora Lewis in The New York Review of Books, Feb. 11, 1965.
154Hermann was taken from his cell for another round of grilling: Field and Field, Trapped in the Cold War, 155–70.
155Operation Splinter Factor succeeded beyond the OPC’s wildest dreams: See Stewart Steven, Operation Splinter Factor: The Untold Story of the West’s Most Secret Cold War Intelligence Operation (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1974).
155“The comrades are merrily sticking knives”: Mosley, Dulles, 277.
155“Dulles wished to leave Eastern Europe devoid of hope”: Steven, Operation Splinter Factor, 146.
156“He would never talk to me about his years in prison”: Schlesinger, Life in the Twentieth Century, 502.
157“I was continuously interrogated”: Philadelphia Inquirer, March 29, 1987.
157“From a European point of view”: Wallach, Light at Midnight, 396.
157“Allen Dulles’s motives are easy to imagine”: From Erica Wallach interview with James Srodes, Feb. 10, 1993, courtesy of the George C. Marshall Foundation Library.
Chapter 8: Scoundrel Time
159“one of the greatest thrills of my life”: Peter Grose, Gentleman Spy: The Life of Allen Dulles (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1994), 280.
159“the hangover philosophies of the New Deal”: Roger Morris, Richard Milhous Nixon: The Rise of an American Politician (New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1990), 363.
160“This
will be no junket”: Ibid.
161he spent a frigid Christmas week: Ibid., 179–80.
162“we have worked together”: AWD letter to Nixon, Feb. 20, 1961, AWD papers, Mudd Library.
162“Allen Dulles . . . told him to keep quiet”: John Loftus and Mark Aarons, The Secret War Against the Jews: How Western Espionage Betrayed the Jewish People (New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1994), 221; and author interview with John Loftus.
163by demanding a congressional investigation of the controversial Bank for International Settlements: Charles Higham, Trading with the Enemy: The Nazi-American Money Plot, 1933–1949 (New York: Authors Guild Backprint Edition, 2007), 11.
164by calling for the nationalization: See Jerry Voorhis, Beyond Victory (New York: Farrar & Rinehart, Inc., 1944).
164“typical representatives of the Southern California middle class”: Anthony Summers, The Arrogance of Power: The Secret World of Richard Nixon (London: Victor Gollancz, 2000), 46.
164“young man fresh out of the Navy”: Ibid., 47.
166“This is a friend of yours”: Stephen E. Ambrose, Nixon: The Education of a Politician, 1913–1962 (New York: Touchstone, 1988), 138.
166“Of course I knew”: Ibid., 140.
167“We’ve been had!”: Richard Nixon, Six Crises (New York: Touchstone, 1990), 10.
168Chambers was “short and pudgy”: Ibid., 2.
168“I am a graduate of Harvard Law School”: Summers, Arrogance of Power, 67.
168“It absolutely ripped Nixon apart”: Ibid.
169“One of the most trying experiences”: Nixon, Six Crises, 19.
170“an orgy in unconscious self-revelation”: Arthur Schlesinger Jr., Journals: 1952–2000 (New York: Penguin Press, 2007), 153.
170Nixon was a “sick” man: Ibid., 154.
170“It was clear he did not want to proceed”: Ambrose, Nixon: The Education of a Politician, 178.
171Some of this confidential information about Hiss: Summers, Arrogance of Power, 78.
171The HUAC investigation could have been “acutely embarrassing”: Nixon, Six Crises, 21.
172“He was no more concerned about whether Hiss”: Summers, Arrogance of Power, 67.
173“We built [the typewriter]”: John Dean, Blind Ambition: The White House Years (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1976), 57.
173“unparalleled venom”: Nixon, Six Crises, 67.