Goddess of Anarchy
Page 47
21. Smith, Urban Disorder, 153; Timothy Messer-Kruse, The Haymarket Conspiracy: Transatlantic Anarchist Networks (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2012), 2–3; Timothy Messer-Kruse, The Trial of the Haymarket Anarchists: Terrorism and Justice in the Gilded Age (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), 118–121. See also Timothy Messer-Kruse, James O. Eckert Jr., Pannee Burkel, and Jeffrey Dunn, “The Haymarket Bomb: Reassessing the Evidence,” Labor 2 (Summer 2005): 39–52; “Braggadocio”: Schaak, Anarchy and Anarchists, 535; Parsons, ed., Life, 100–106.
22. “People’s Exhibits,” CHS, HADC; “Dynamite”: Alarm, June 27, 1885.
23. “war with all means”: Alarm, May 30, 1885; “get dynamite”: ibid., February 6, 1886; “One man armed”: ibid., October 21, 1884; ibid., January 13, 1885; “We rejoice”: ibid., January 24, 1885.
24. “former assistant”: testimony of LMS, vol. M, 280–307, CHS, HADC; Messer-Kruse, Trial, 89–90; Parsons, ed., Life, 100–101.
25. “Mr. and Mrs…. Yes”: testimony of LMS, vol. M, 109, CHS, HADC; “I left my house”: testimony of ARP, vol. N, 109, ibid.; testimony of Samuel Fielden, vol. M, 312, ibid.
26. The speech is included in testimony of ARP, vol. N, 117–135, CHS, HADC (“compulsory idleness”), and Parsons, ed., Life, 117–127; “was the original”: vol. N, 140, CHS, HADC; testimony of G. P. English, vol. K, 298, ibid.; LE, August 14, 1886; Avrich, Haymarket Tragedy, 193–194.
27. See, though, his recounting of the day in KL, October 23, 1886, 2–3; Messer-Kruse, Trial, 86–90.
28. “At least I wrote”: testimony of ARP, vol. N, 109, CHS, HADC; Parsons, ed., Life, 191; Messer-Kruse, Trial, 83, 177; cf. Ashbaugh, Lucy Parsons, 73.
29. Testimony of William Snyder, vol. M, 98, CHS, HADC; testimony of Samuel Fielden, vol. M, 310–311, ibid.; Messer-Kruse, Trial, 86–87.
30. “many innocent”: “Albert R. Parsons autobiography, 1886” (written in jail for publication in KL, October 23, 1886); “he said he had”: testimony of Thomas Brown, vol. M, 135, CHS, HADC.
31. “to be near… disowned”: CT, August 11, 1886, 1; CT, November 27, 1880, 7; DI-O, May 20, 1875, 2; Galveston DN, December 1, 1880.
32. Messer-Kruse, Trial, 226; “disconsolate”: Galveston DN, August 21, 1886; CT, August 21, 1886, 2; “sharing… haggard”: Lansing (MI) Sentinel, August 28, 1886. For the judge’s instructions to the jury, see vol. O, 1–10, 24–38, CHS, HADC (“consummation”).
33. “a profound”: Parsons, ed., Life, 110; ibid., 129; “against anarchy”: Galveston DN, August 21, 1886.
34. Philadelphia Inquirer, August 21, 1886, 1; “Why not… of course be arrested”: clipping, n.d. [c. August 23, 1886], ARP Papers; Fort Worth DG, August 21, 1886; “Secret Meeting”: Austin WS, August 26, 1886.
35. St. Louis G-D, September 15, 1886; Waco City Directories for 1887–1888; John Dennis Anderson, “Cooper, Madison Alexander, Jr.,” Handbook of Texas Online, Texas State Historical Association, n.d., www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fco59; London Anglo American Times, October 9, 1886.
36. “step-father… drawing her away”: St. Louis G-D, September 15, 1886.
37. “there is nothing”: St. Louis G-D, September 15, 1886; “’Ostler Joe… women of the town”: “The Poem Which Shocked Washington Society,” Daily Alta-California, March 13, 1886.
38. FMC for McLennan County, Texas, for 1880, 1900, 1910.
39. “wife and ally… Oliver now”: St. Louis G-D, September 15, 1886.
40. “the radical scalawag… tony clothes”: ibid., September 18, 1886, 3.
41. “and have all… near Waco”: ibid.
42. “carefully scanning… child unborn”: St. Louis G-D, September 19, 1886, 6; “not accountable… in her veins”: CT, September 20, 1886, 3.
43. “as a dusky… her environments”: Kansas City Star, September 15, 1886.
CHAPTER 8: “THE DUSKY GODDESS OF ANARCHY SPEAKS HER MIND”
1. “You I bequeath… lay it down”: Lucy E. Parsons, ed., Life of Albert R. Parsons with Brief History of the Labor Movement in America (Chicago: Mrs. Lucy E. Parsons, 1889), 211; KL, November 20, 1886; “The boy”: NYT, October 17, 1886, 9.
2. The Accused, the Accusers: The Famous Speeches of the Eight Chicago Anarchists in Court When Asked If They Had Anything to Say Why Sentence Should Not Be Passed upon Them. On October 7th, 8th and 9th, 1886, Chicago, Illinois (Chicago: Socialistic Publishing Society, 1886).
3. “stump speaking”: DI-O, October 10, 1886; Accused, Accusers, 95; “Your honor”: ibid., 188.
4. “advised murder… dead”: DI-O, October 10, 1886, 7; “vehemently”: Muskegon (MI) Chronicle, October 12, 1886; Carolyn Ashbaugh, Lucy Parsons: American Revolutionary (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2013 [1976]), 98–100.
5. Ashbaugh, Lucy Parsons, 105; Gail Ahrens, ed., Lucy Parsons: Freedom, Equality and Solidarity. Writings and Speeches, 1878–1937 (Chicago: Charles H. Kerr, 2004), 56–57; “upon this all-important… dying for”: Rockford DR, October 11, 1886, 4; NYT, October 17, 1886, 9; Carlotta R. Anderson, All-American Anarchist: Joseph A. Labadie and the Labor Movement (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1998), 138–139.
6. “Resistance to tyranny… unrewarded”: Wheeling (WV) Register, September 6, 1886, 1.
7. “mercy”: KL, September 11, 1886, 4; Edward P. Mittelman, “Chicago Labor Politics, 1877–1896,” JPE 28 (May 1920): 418; Baltimore Sun, November 1, 1886.
8. William Scharnau, “Thomas J. Morgan and the United Labor Party of Chicago,” JISHS 66 (Spring 1973), 41–47.
9. “freaks… offer was refused”: NYT, October 18, 1886, 2.
10. Dallas MN, November 16, 1886; clipping, n.p., n.d., ARP Papers.
11. “no more consideration… even by a woman”: CT, September 10, 1886, 4; “feared this one”: HW, November 20, 1886; “Lucy Parsons, you”: Peoria Transcript quoted in Wichita (KS) Globe, October 8, 1887; “dusky representative”: NYT, October 17, 1886, 9; “sanguinary Amazon”: clipping, n.d., n.p., ARP Papers; “quadroon”: NYT, November 5, 1886, 2; “one of the most”: clipping, n.p. [Saint Joseph, MO], January 31, 1887, 1; “The Dusky”: Box 2, folder “Reproduced Copies of Materials Re the Parsons and Haymarket,” Ashbaugh Papers.
12. DI-O, November 1, 1886, 4; NYT, November 1, 1886, 1; Albert Clark Stevens, Cyclopedia of Fraternities (New York: Hamilton Printing and Publishing Company, 1899), 144.
13. “Alles ist”: undated handwritten letter in ARP Papers (translated by Matthew Bunn); KL, November 13, 1886.
14. Timothy Messer-Kruse, The Haymarket Conspiracy: Transatlantic Anarchist Networks (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2012), 117–119; Milwaukee Sentinel, December 30, 1886, 3; DI-O, January 4, 1887, 8; Edward O’Donnell, Henry George and the Crisis of Inequality: Progress and Poverty in the Gilded Age (New York: Columbia University Press, 2015); Armond Fields, Lillian Russell: A Biography of “America’s Beauty” (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1999).
15. DI-O, October 16, 1886, 3; CT, January 16, 1887, 11; “like thieves”: CT, November 8, 1886; “committee… their names”: clipping, n.p. [Buffalo], January 31, 1887, 1, ARP Papers; NYT, October 16, 1886, 5; Richard Oestreicher, Solidarity and Fragmentation: Working People and Class Consciousness in Detroit, 1875–1900 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989), 201.
16. NYT, October 16, 1886, 5; “everybody should”: handbill dated December 20, 1886, ARP Papers; “Mrs. Lucy E. Parsons”: handbill dated November 17, 1886, ibid.; “She is a very fluent… language”: handbill dated May 5, 1887, ibid.
17. “Do you think”: New York Herald, October 18, 1886; “Is that the way”: clipping, n.p. [New Haven, CT], n.d. [November 17, 1886], ARP Papers. For perhaps the fullest rendering of her standard speech, see Kansas City Journal, December 21, 1886, 1.
18. Kansas City Journal, December 21, 1886, 1; “Free speech”: Detroit FP, January 23, 1887.
19. “But the red flag”: Kansas City Journal, December 21, 1886, 1; “This is our color”: clipping, n.p. [Allegheny, Pennsylvania], November 22, 1886, ARP Pa
pers; “conservative trade unionists”: Ahrens, ed., Lucy Parsons, 57; “bloodthirsty”: clipping, n.p. [Philadelphia], n.d. [c. November 1, 1886], 1, ibid.; New York World, c. November 6, 1886, ibid.
20. “Bartholdi’s big girl”: clipping, n.p. [New York], n.d. [c. November 5, 1886], ARP Papers; clipping, n.p. [New York World], n.d. [c. November 1, 1886], ibid.; clipping, n.p. [Cincinnati], n.d. [c. October 11, 1886], ibid.; Cincinnati T-S, October 18, 1886; Paul Avrich, The Haymarket Tragedy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984), 142.
21. “Mrs. Lucy E. Parsons”: Milwaukee Journal, February 14, 1887; “taking sides”: Philadelphia Inquirer, October 18, 1886, 4; “gained the enmity”: Galveston DN, October 19, 1886; Dallas MN, October 19, 1886, 6.
22. “I don’t”: NYT, October 18, 1886, 8; “would rend”: Detroit Advance and Labor Leaf, January 26, 1887.
23. CT, January 23, 1887, 9; DI-O, November 5, 1886, 2; NYT, November 8, 1886, 5; “the missiles of today… advantage of it”: DI-O, October 15, 1886, 5; “as a waltzing”: Detroit FP, January 23, 1887; “a slaughterer”: Omaha Republican, December 22, 1886, 1; “that chief”: DI-O, October 15, 1886; “the scum”: Cincinnati T-S, October 18, 1886; “dumb as oysters”: clipping, n.p. [Detroit], January 22, 1887, ARP Papers; “she would have no more compunction”: clipping, n.p. [Omaha], December 22, 1886, ibid.; “I will take the red flag”: NYT, October 16, 1886, 5.
24. “damnable”: NYT, October 16, 1886, 5; “at times… shame”: Cincinnati Enquirer, October 13, 1886.
25. “as it bothered”: NYT, October 18, 1886, 8; “Keep quiet”: clipping, n.p., n.d., ARP Papers; “My dear sir”: clipping, New York CA, n.d., ibid.; “remarked that smoking”: Detroit FP, January 23, 1887.
26. The examples are from her appearance in Allegheny, Pennsylvania (November 21, 1886), recorded in the Pittsburgh Dispatch, November 22, 1886, ARP Papers; KL, November 13, 1886.
27. “the detective”: clipping, n.p. [Buffalo], January 31, 1887, 1, ARP Papers; “fear-laden”: clipping, Bismarck DT, November 7, 1886, ibid.
28. DI-O, October 25, 1886, 1; Philadelphia Inquirer, October 25, 1886, 8; NYT, October 25, 1886, 2; clipping, n.p. [Orange], n.d. [c. October 25, 1886], ARP Papers.
29. See the article “Lucy Parsons’ Pluck,” in National Police Gazette, November 6, 1886; clipping, n.p. [Orange], n.d. [c. October 25, 1886], ARP Papers.
30. “a woman of commanding”: Milwaukee DJ, February 14, 1887; “She has a handsome… South”: NYT, October 18, 1886, 8.
31. See, for example, “quadroon”: NYT, November 5, 1886, 2; “light”: clipping, n.p. [Philadelphia], n.d. [c. November 1, 1886], ARP Papers; NYT, October 17, 1886, 9; Atchison DG, November 4, 1886; clipping, n.p. [Buffalo], January 31, 1887, ARP Papers.
32. “there is no trace… Indian origin”: NYT, October 17, 1886, 9.
33. “Her dense”: Cincinnati Enquirer, October 11, 1886; “intelligence… interference”: clipping, n.p. [Buffalo], January 31, 1887, ARP Papers; “Negro-Mexican”: Cincinnati Star, October 13, 1886.
34. “the biggest demonstration… feathers”: NYT, November 1, 1886, 1; “Her nose”: Bismarck DT, November 7, 1886; “a modern Cleopatra”: Cincinnati Enquirer, October 13, 1886.
35. “an unusually”: Detroit ALL, January 26, 1887; “strange-looking”: Cincinnati Enquirer, October 11, 1886; “the tangle-haired”: clipping, n.p. [New York], November 5, 1886, ARP Papers.
36. “roughly clad”: Omaha Republican, December 22, 1886; “sharp-featured… force of character”: clipping, n.p. [Buffalo], January 31, 1887, ARP Papers.
37. Peter Rachleff, Black Labor in Richmond, 1865–1890 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1989).
38. “She addresses”: clipping, n.p. [Omaha], n.d. [c. December 19, 1886], ARP Papers; “loud-mouthed”: clipping, n.p. [Kansas City], December 20, 1886, ibid.; “she has a tongue”: clipping, n.p. [Omaha], n.d., ibid.
39. “dangerous classes”: “The Labor Vote,” HW, November 20, 1886, 742; “peaceful means… repair it”: Labor Tribune, quoted in KL, December 4, 1886, 10; The Congregationalist, November 4, 1886; clipping, Omaha Republican, n.d., ARP Papers; “She is doing”: Detroit Tribune, January 27, 1887; “give her a fair hearing”: Omaha Truth, December 18, 1886; “it greatly admire[d]”: Kansas City Times, December 21, 1886.
40. CT, November 1, 1886, 5; “red-mouthed anarchist… ruins”: clipping, n.p. [Cincinnati], n.d. [March 1887), ARP Papers.
41. “in a beautiful… labor”: DW, March 11, 1942.
CHAPTER 9: THE BLOOD OF MY HUSBAND
1. William Salisbury, The Career of a Journalist (New York: B. W. Dodge, 1908), 107–108.
2. “disgrace to your Sex… same ills”: Rattler to LP, Chicago, January 28, 1889, ARP Papers.
3. “most affectionate”: clipping, n.p., n.d., ARP Papers; “They think”: clipping, CT, March 29, 1887, ibid.
4. “furnish first-page… poetry”: Salisbury, Career, 109–110.
5. “completely broken”: Los Angeles Times, quoting Chicago Herald, October 30, 1887; CT, September 24, 1887, 2.
6. New York Herald, June 29, 1886, 3; “the amorous… Zandt”: clipping, n.p. [Detroit], January 23, 1887, ARP Papers; clipping, “They Worship Spies: Women Kissing His Portrait,” n.p., n.d., ibid.; “could only”: Michael J. Schaack, Anarchy and Anarchists: A History of the Red Terror, and the Social Revolution in America and Europe, Communism, Socialism, and Nihilism in Doctrine and Deed, the Chicago Haymarket Conspiracy and the Detection and Trial of the Conspirators (Chicago: F. Schulte, 1889), 159; Carl Smith, Urban Disorder and the Shape of Belief: The Great Chicago Fire, the Haymarket Trial, and the Model Town of Pullman (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 164–165; San Francisco Bulletin, October 10, 1887.
7. “She is with the kindest”: Lizzie Swank Holmes to ARP, December 23, 1886, ARP Papers; Lum to ARP, December 25, 1886, ibid.
8. New York World, June 10, 1887; James R. Buchanan, The Story of a Labor Agitator (New York: Outlook, 1903), 373; “bright… brainless”: Clarence Darrow, In the Clutches of the Law: Clarence Darrow’s Letters (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013), 58–59; “a very impulsive… claim relation”: Chicago News, June 10, 1887.
9. “cheery manner”: Buchanan, Story of a Labor Agitator, 379; “is destructive”: Chicago Times, August 25, 1886; Lucy E. Parsons, ed., Life of Albert R. Parsons with Brief History of the Labor Movement in America (Chicago: Mrs. Lucy E. Parsons, 1889), 107, 213–214, 218; Alarm, November 17, 1888.
10. “His anarchist arms”: Chicago News story reprinted in Baltimore Sun, December 2, 1886, Supplement, 2; “and have every comfort”: Chicago MN, November 29, 1886; clipping, “Cook County’s Big Jail,” n.p., n. d., ARP Papers; Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, October 1, 1887, 1; Timothy Gilfoyle, “‘America’s Greatest Criminal Barracks’: The Tombs and the Experience of Criminal Justice in New York City, 1838–1897,” JUH 29 (July 2003): 525–534.
11. “What Parsons Thinks”: Chicago Times, September 26, 1886; “but they can’t keep us”: CT, March 9, 1887, 4; William Scharnau, “Thomas J. Morgan and the United Labor Party of Chicago,” JISHS 66 (Spring 1973): 45–48; David Roediger and Franklin Rosemont, eds., Haymarket Scrapbook (Chicago: Charles H. Kerr, 1986), 86.
12. Scharnau, “Morgan,” 52–55; Richard Schneirov, Labor and Urban Politics: Class Conflict and the Origins of Modern Liberalism in Chicago, 1864–1897 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 205, 213, 218, 229–230.
13. “Mrs. Lucy Parsons”: Knights of Labor, November 13, 1886, 4; ibid., November 20, 1886, 4; “Parsons be let out”: ibid., November 13, 1886, 4.
14. Quotations in Gail Ahrens, ed., Lucy Parsons: Freedom, Equality and Solidarity. Writings and Speeches, 1878–1937 (Chicago: Charles H. Kerr, 2004), 61–68, and Parsons, ed., Life, 235–241.
15. “Your liberty”: Columbus Capital, March 13, 1887; NYT, March 10, 1887, 1; DI-O, March 10, 1887.
16. “acted more like”: CT, March 10, 1887, 1; “Arrested to prevent”:
telegram in ARP Papers; “unnecessary arrest… Mahomedanism”: Columbus Capital, March 13, 1887.
17. “Have you not sworn… Columbus, Ohio?”: clipping, n.p., May 7, 1887, ARP Papers; “secret circular”: New York Herald, October 10, 1887, 3; Roediger and Rosemont, eds., Haymarket Scrapbook, 136; “My answer is because”: October 1887 correspondence, reel 23, Papers of Terence V. Powderly, 1864–1924, and John William Hayes, 1880–1921, American Catholic History Research Center and University Archives University, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC (available on microfilm).
18. “press of admirers”: Chicago Herald, November 29, 1886, 1; “I will bow down”: Chicago MN, November 29, 1886; “I am an anarchist”: AG, March 20, 1888; “Dance for the Doomed”: ibid.; “bloodthirsty”: CT, February 14, 1887, 1; “a dangerous woman… others of this fact”: Chicago Herald, November 30, 1886.
19. “Mind what… where you came from”: Chicago DN, July 18, 1887; Dallas MN, July 19, 1887.
20. “I stand before you… speech”: Chicago Herald, August 29, 1887.
21. “Am I tired… papa”: Alarm, August 30, 1887; Paul Avrich, The Haymarket Tragedy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984), 360.
22. Alarm, June 23, 1888; CT, September 24, 1887, 2; “To the American People… or give me death!”: CT, September 22, 1887, 1.
23. “Sorrow and care”: Chicago Mail, September 27, 1887; “There is not the slightest”: CT, September 25, 1887, 11; Milwaukee Sentinel, September 25, 1887; “I am the last”: CT, September 28, 1887, 2.
24. “talented and beautiful”: Galveston DN, September 26, 1887, 1; CT, October 12, 1887, 4.
25. “O, my God!”: CT, September 24, 1887, 2; NYT, September 24, 1887, 1; DI-O, September 24, 1887, 6.
26. “throw me off”: CT, September 26, 1887, 1; “most implacable”: St. Paul DG, September 10, 1887.
27. “the reporter… in their place”: CT, October 1, 1887, 6; “only served”: St. Paul DG, September 10, 1887.
28. “hope and fear… So have I”: Chicago Mail, October 27, 1887, 1; “Workingmen and their friends”: Decatur HD, October 29, 1887; “the catastrophe”: Albert R. Parsons: Anarchism: Its Philosophy and Scientific Basis as Defined by Some of Its Apostles (Chicago: Mrs. A. R. Parsons, 1887), 52; “He was free”: ibid., 15.