How the French Invented Love

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How the French Invented Love Page 34

by Marilyn Yalom


  Claudine in Paris (Colette), 289, 293–96, 299

  Claudine Married (Colette), 285, 293–94, 297

  Clef d’amors, La, 361

  Clélie, histoire romaine (Scudéry), 61

  Clinton, Bill, 42

  Cocteau, Jean, 263

  Colet, Louise, 219–20, 230–31

  Colette, 41, 255, 256, 282, 286–302, 306, 362

  Claudine at School, 288, 290–93, 297

  Claudine in Love, 297

  Claudine in Paris, 289, 293–96, 299

  Claudine Married, 285, 293–94, 297

  The Vagabond, 300–301

  Colette, Adèle Eugénie Sidonie “Sido,” 288, 289, 290, 295, 298

  Condé, Prince de, 54

  Condorcet, Antoine Nicolas de, 132, 153, 154, 171

  Condorcet, Sophie de, 170–71

  Confession d’un enfant du siècle, La (Musset), 211–14

  Confessions (Rousseau), 116, 173–74, 253

  Conflit: La femme et la mère, Le (Badinter), 44

  Conon de Béthune, 16, 33–35, 251

  Constant, Benjamin, 174–76, 182

  Adolphe, 175, 176–78, 186

  Contes d’Espagne et d’Italie (Musset), 195

  Corneille, Pierre, 76, 149

  Corydon (Gide), 262

  Courbet, Gustave, 224

  courtly love, 11–48, 52, 68, 173

  courts, 22, 49

  Cousin, Victor, 230

  Crébillon fils, 107, 127, 129

  The Wayward Head and Heart, 112–15, 139, 163, 173, 212

  crystallization, 348

  Cyrano de Bergerac (Rostand), 98, 235, 239–47, 343

  d’Albon, Claude, 137

  d’Albon, Hilaire, 137, 138

  d’Albon, Julie-Claude, 136–37, 138

  d’Alembert, Jean le Rond, 132–36, 140–46, 148, 151, 153–55, 157

  Dangerous Liaisons (Laclos), 103, 116, 123–27, 129, 163, 212, 361

  Dante Alighieri, 126, 347, 362

  Danton, Georges, 162–63

  Darblay, Pierre, 72, 237

  Daudet, Léon, 282

  de Botton, Alain, 69

  de Bourges, Michel, 199, 214–15

  Debussy, Claude, 289

  de Charrière, Isabelle, 174

  de Gouges, Olympe, 170

  de Grandsagne, Stéphane Ajasson, 200

  Delaborde, Sophie-Victoire, 196, 197–98

  Delacroix, Eugène, 194–95, 211, 215

  Delafosse, Léon, 282

  Delamare, Delphine, 230–31

  De l’amour (Stendhal), 220

  Delanoë, Bertrand, 344

  Delarue-Mardrus, Lucie, 287

  de Pougy, Liane, 255, 286

  de Rougemont, Denis, 42

  Desbordes-Valmore, Marceline, 41

  Descartes, René, 68

  de Sèze, Aurélien, 200

  Despentes, Virginie, 350–51

  de Staël, Germaine, 41, 174–78, 362

  de Staël-Holstein, Baron, 175

  d’Estaing, Giscard, 43

  Destouches, Louis-Camus, 141

  de Warens, Louise, 174, 178

  d’Holbach, Baron, 144

  Diane de Poitiers, 56, 173, 362

  Dickens, Charles, 183

  Diderot, Denis, 132, 133, 253

  Die, Comtesse de, 18–19

  d’Indy, Vincent, 289

  Divine Comedy (Dante), 126

  Don Juan (Molière), 101, 364

  Dorval, Marie, 256

  Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 215

  Douglas, Alfred, Lord, 249–50, 257

  du Barry, Madame, 104, 106, 170

  du Châtelet, Madame, 362

  du Deffand, Madame, 139–42, 143, 145, 170, 189

  Dudevant, Casimir, 198, 199–200, 206, 208, 214–15

  Dudevant, Maurice, 200, 206, 208, 214

  Dudevant, Solange, 200, 206, 208, 214

  Dumas, Alexandre, 194

  du Parc, Thérèse, 95

  Dupin, Maurice, 196, 198

  Dupin de Francueil, Madame, 196, 198

  Duras, Marguerite, 41, 329–39, 362

  Eclogues (Virgil), 262

  Égarements du coeur et de l’esprit, Les (The Wayward Head and Heart) (Crébillon fils), 112–15, 139, 163, 173, 212

  Eleanor of Aquitaine, 18, 21, 22, 33

  Elementary Particles, The (Houellebecq), 349

  Eliot, George, 215

  Elkaïm, Arlette, 322

  Émile (Rousseau), 116

  Encyclopédie, 133, 253

  Encyclopédistes, 132, 149

  Enlightenment, 133, 145, 153, 194

  Enthoven, Raphaël, 43–44

  “Equitan” (Marie de France), 36–37

  Ermengarde, Vicomtesse of Narbonne, 23

  Ernaux, Annie, 41

  Esther (Racine), 95

  Euripides, 90–91, 95–96

  Fabius, Laurent, 43

  family, 47

  fathers, 99

  Fauré, Gabriel, 289

  Faÿ, Bernard, 306

  Female Brain, The (Brizendine), 6

  Feydeau, Georges, 238–39

  film, 351–57, 364–65

  Flaubert, Gustave, 190, 215, 235, 236, 347

  Madame Bovary, 12, 219–32, 362

  Fontainebleau, 237

  Fontenelle, Bernard le Bovier de, 133

  Fragonard, Jean-Honoré, 104

  France, Anatole, 289

  François I, King, 52–53, 362

  Franklin, Benjamin, 156

  Frederick II, King, 133, 142

  French Revolution, 99, 127, 159–71, 175

  Freud, Sigmund, 178, 179, 180, 188, 272, 307

  Fruits of the Earth (Gide), 257–58

  Fuller, Margaret, 216

  Gabrielle d’Estrées, 53

  Gace Brulé, 20, 36

  gallantry, 49–74, 75, 98, 101, 104–8, 128, 171

  change in meaning of word, 105

  Molière and, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84–85, 88–89, 98

  Gauthiers-Villars, Willy, 289–90, 294, 297, 298

  Gautier, Théophile, 194

  Gauvain, Sir, 26

  gay nineties, 235–38

  General Essay on Tactics, A (Guibert), 148

  Genet, Jean, 263

  Geoffrin, Madame, 145, 170, 189

  Gide, André, 255, 256–63, 264, 268, 278, 282, 287, 363

  Gide, Catherine, 263

  Girard, Abbé, 104

  Girard, René, 222, 347

  Godard, Jean-Luc, 351

  Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 362

  Goncourt, Edmond and Jules de, 108, 220

  Goudeket, Maurice, 301

  Grand Hôtel, Cabourg, 237

  Gray, Francine du Plessix, 325

  Gréco, Juliette, 313

  Greece, ancient, 14, 90, 96, 144, 287

  Greuze, Jean-Baptiste, 164

  Grimm, Friedrich Melchior, Baron von, 146, 153

  Guibert, Jacques Antoine Hippolyte de, 132–34, 137, 148–57

  “Guigemar” (Marie de France), 37–38

  Guilhem de Poitiers, 19

  Guinevere, 12, 15, 24–30, 33, 68, 155, 362

  Hahn, Reynaldo, 272, 282

  Hall, Radclyffe, 293

  Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 42

  Heine, Heinrich, 194

  Héloïse d’Argenteuil, 1–9, 13, 15, 118, 206, 208, 311, 325, 362

  Helvétius, Claude, 144, 156

  Helvétius, Madame, 156

  Hemingway, Ernest, 302, 303

  Henri I, Count of Champagne, 22, 33

  Henri II, King, 53, 56, 173, 362
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br />   Henri III, King, 251

  Henri IV, King, 53–54, 361, 362

  Henric, Jacques, 350

  Henriette d’Entragues, 53

  Henry II, King, 18, 21

  Hériot, Auguste, 301

  Hernani (Hugo), 195

  Herzen, Alexander, 215–16

  Hippolytus (Euripides), 90–91, 95–96

  Histoire de ma vie (Sand), 197

  Historia calamitatum (Abélard), 1, 5

  Hollande, François, 44

  Homme et une femme, Un, 355, 365

  homosexuality, 278, 281–82, 305–6, 344

  female, 255–56, 279–80, 285–309

  male, 249–64

  Houellebecq, Michel, 349, 350

  How Proust Can Change Your Life (de Botton), 69

  Hugo, Victor, 194, 195, 199, 200, 211, 215, 255

  Hume, David, 143, 144

  Ibsen, Henrik, 239

  Idylle Saphique (de Pougy), 286

  Illusion conjugale, L’ (Assous), 343–44

  Immoralist, The (Gide), 257–60, 261

  Indiana (Sand), 199, 201–5

  Intimate Journal (Sand), 191, 209

  Isabelle de Hainaut, 33

  Iseult, 12, 33, 68, 155, 343, 362

  “It Was Just One of Those Things” (Porter), 3–4

  Jagger, Mick, 43

  Jasinski, René, 221

  Jeanson, Francis, 316

  Jefferson, Thomas, 156

  Jeu de l’amour et du hasard, Le (Marivaux), 71

  Jour de souffrance (Millet), 350

  Jouvenel, Bertrand de, 301

  Jouvenel, Colette de, 301

  Jouvenel, Henri de, 301

  Joyce, James, 304

  Julie, or The New Eloise (Rousseau), 103, 112, 115–23, 124, 125, 126, 134, 146–47, 167, 168, 169, 180, 347, 362

  Justine (de Sade), 127

  King Kong théorie (Despentes), 350–51

  Königsmark, Aurore de, 198

  Kosakiewicz, Olga, 317–18, 319–20

  Kristeva, Julia, 349

  Labé, Louise, 41

  La Boétie, Étienne de, 251–52

  “Lac, Le” (Lamartine), 193–94

  Lacan, Jacques, 98

  Laclos, Choderlos de, 107, 129

  Dangerous Liaisons, 103, 116, 123–27, 129, 163, 212, 361

  La Fayette, Comte de, 58

  La Fayette, Madame de, 41, 101

  La Princesse de Clèves, 49, 55–72, 76, 90, 95, 100, 107, 168, 232, 353–54, 363

  La Fontaine, Jean de, 104, 139, 153

  Lamartine, Alphonse de, 193–94, 362

  Lamblin, Bernard, 321

  Lamblin, Bianca Bienenfeld, 320, 321–22

  Lancelot, 12, 15, 24–30, 33, 68, 155, 362

  Lancelot: The Knight of the Cart (Chrétien de Troyes), 25–30, 32, 38

  language, 98, 363–64

  La Rochefoucauld, François de, 55, 68

  Laumond, Jean-Claude, 43

  La Vallière, Louise de, 57, 82

  Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent, 171

  Lavoisier, Marie-Anne, 171

  Le Bas, Elisabeth, 159, 160–67, 169, 171

  Le Bas, Philippe, 160–67, 171

  Le Bon, Sylvie, 323

  Leduc, Violette, 41, 306–9, 360

  Leibniz, Gottfried, 170

  Lélia (Sand), 204–6

  Lelouch, Claude, 351, 355–57, 365

  Lemaire, Ria, 40

  lesbian love, 255–56, 279–80, 285–309

  Lesnes, Elisabeth, 19

  Lespinasse, Julie de, 108, 129, 131–57, 168, 170, 189, 209, 229–30, 362

  Leszczynska, Marie, 106

  letters, 131–32, 155–57

  Letters from a Voyager (Sand), 207–8

  Lettres galantes et philosophiques (Saint-Mard), 106

  Levy, Harriet, 303

  Lévy, Justine, 44

  Lewinsky, Monica, 42

  Liaisons dangereuses, Les (Laclos), 103, 116, 123–27, 129, 163, 212, 361

  libertinage, 107–8, 113–14, 115, 127, 128–29, 347

  Liberty Leading the People (Delacroix), 194–95

  Life of Henry Brulard, The (Stendhal), 178–79

  Lily of the Valley, The (Balzac), 173, 183–86, 363

  Liszt, Franz, 211, 215

  Lorrain, Jean, 255

  Louis VII, King, 18, 22, 23, 33

  Louis XIII, King, 252

  Louis XIV, King, 53, 57, 58, 71, 79, 81, 82, 85, 89, 90, 100, 105, 106, 128, 194, 251, 362

  Louis XV, King, 53, 104, 105, 106, 107, 362

  Louis-Philippe, King, 195

  Louÿs, Pierre, 255, 287

  love-as-sickness, 271

  love letters, 132, 155–57

  Lover, The (Duras), 329, 333–39

  lovesickness, 271

  Lubin, Georges, 216–17

  Madame Bovary (Flaubert), 12, 219–32, 362

  Maintenon, Madame de, 57, 106

  Male Brain, The (Brizendine), 6

  Malovany-Chevallier, Sheila, 325

  Man and a Woman, A, 355, 365

  Manceau, Alexandre, 215, 363

  Mancini, Mademoiselle de, 57

  Manon Lescaut (Prévost), 109–12, 115, 129, 272

  Manuscrit de Mme Le Bas (Le Bas), 159, 160–67

  Marat, Jean-Paul, 161

  Maria Theresa of Spain, 57

  Marie-Antoinette, 148, 255

  Marie de Champagne, 15, 22–23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 60, 71, 271

  Marie de France, 16, 36–38, 41

  Marivaux, Pierre de, 71

  Marmontel, Jean-François, 144, 146, 153

  marriage:

  arranged, 60

  lifelong, 344–45

  Marriage of Figaro, The (Beaumarchais), 170, 364

  Martial, Philippe, 238

  Mary, Virgin, 17, 20, 29

  Matisse, Henri, 302

  Maupassant, Guy de, 220, 232–33

  Maximes (La Rochefoucauld), 55

  Médicis, Catherine de, 56

  Médicis, Marie de, 53

  Memoirs of a Dutiful Daughter (Beauvoir), 313, 324

  Mendès, Catulle, 289

  Mérimée, Prosper, 194, 195

  Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 316

  Mickiewicz, Adam, 194

  Mill, John Stuart, 215

  Millet, Catherine, 350

  Misanthrope, The (Molière), 85–89, 100, 107, 111, 272, 343

  Mitterrand, Danielle, 43

  Mitterrand, François, 43, 260

  Mitterand, Frédéric, 260–61

  Moderato Cantabile (Duras), 332, 333

  Molière, 76, 77–89, 90, 98, 99, 100, 101, 153, 364

  The Misanthrope, 85–89, 100, 107, 111, 272, 343

  Montaigne, Michel de, 68, 251–52

  Montespan, Madame de, 57

  Montesquieu, 133, 145

  Montesquiou, Robert de, 282

  Montherlant, Henry de, 263

  Montmorency, Mademoiselle de, 54, 361

  Montsauge, Madame de, 148

  Mora, Gonçalve de, 133–35, 145–51, 154, 155

  mother figures, 173–90

  Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 364

  Musset, Alfred de, 194, 195, 199, 204, 206–14, 230, 232, 362

  Napoleon I, 99, 148, 175

  Narbonne, Vicomte de, 175

  Natural History of Love, A (Ackerman), 45–46

  Necker, Jacques, 175

  Necker, Suzanne, 175

  Nerval, Gérard de, 194

  New York Times, 325, 350

  Nietzsche, Friedrich, 258

  No Exit (Sartre), 277

/>   Nous, Princesses de Clèves, 353–55

  Nouvelle Héloïse, La (Julie, or The New Eloise) (Rousseau), 103, 112, 115–23, 124, 125, 126, 134, 146–47, 167, 168, 169, 180, 347, 362

  Nouvel Observateur, 323

  “On Friendship” (Montaigne), 251–52

  On Love (Stendhal), 220, 347–48

  Ovid, 14

  Ozon, François, 352

  Pagello, Pietro, 207–8

  Pamela (Richardson), 115, 124

  Paris, 237–38, 263–64, 341

  Partage de midi (Claudel), 344

  Pascal, Blaise, 100

  Patterson, Yolanda, 325

  Peyrefitte, Roger, 263

  Phèdre (Racine), 75, 89–101, 111, 152, 155

  Philippe Auguste, King, 33, 251

  Philippe d’Orléans, 106, 139

  Physiologie de l’amour (Darblay), 72, 237

  Piaf, Edith, 155

  Picasso, Pablo, 302, 303

  Pingeot, Anne, 43

  Plato, 14, 287

  Pompadour, Madame de, 104, 106, 170

  Porter, Cole, 3–4

  Potiche, 352–53

  précieuses, 61–62, 63, 77

  Précieuses ridicules, Les (Molière), 77–79

  Prévost, Abbé, 107, 115, 129, 131

  Manon Lescaut, 109–12, 115, 129, 272

  Prime of Life, The (Beauvoir), 315

  Princesse de Clèves, La (de La Fayette), 49, 55–72, 76, 90, 95, 100, 107, 168, 232, 353–54, 363

  Proust, Adrien, 272

  Proust, Marcel, 38, 237, 256, 263, 265–83, 288, 289, 306

  Psyché (La Fontaine), 104

  Puccini, Giacomo, 109

  Queensberry, Marquess of, 249

  Racine, Jean, 76, 145, 153, 332

  Phèdre, 75, 89–101, 111, 152, 155

  Raimbaut d’Orange, 19

  Raoul-Duval, Georgie, 296–97

  Red and the Black, The (Stendhal), 178, 179–82, 186–87, 212, 347

  Remembrance of Things Past (Proust), 255, 256, 265–83

  repression, 347

  Richardson, Samuel, 115, 124, 126, 131, 155

  Rien de grave (Lévy), 44

  Rimbaud, Arthur, 254–55, 258

  Robespierre, Augustin, 161, 166

  Robespierre, Charlotte, 161

  Robespierre, Maximilien, 160–66

  Rohmer, Eric, 98, 351, 363

  Roland, Jean-Marie, 168, 169

  Roland, Madame, 160, 167–69, 171

  Roman de gare, 355–56

  romantic love, 191–217, 220, 227, 232, 233, 235, 246, 347

  Rome, ancient, 39

  Rondeaux, Madeleine, 258, 261, 263

  Rose and Blanche (Sand and Sandeau), 200–201

  Rostand, Edmond, 239–40

  Cyrano de Bergerac, 98, 235, 239–47, 343

  Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 89, 107, 116, 126, 129, 133, 155, 169–70, 171, 173–74, 178, 182, 199, 213

  Confessions, 116, 173–74, 253

  Julie, or The New Eloise, 103, 112, 115–23, 124, 125, 126, 134, 146–47, 167, 168, 169, 180, 347, 362

 

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