al-Ţarsūsī (judge, writer), 101
archery, 512, 514
axes and, 456
battle formation, 518–19
Greek fire and, 528
lance and, 451
mangonels and, 524
shields and, 458
Tarţūs, cathedral of, 331
textiles, 405–6 trade, Crusader-Muslim contact, 397
Theophile, lord of Kafartāb, conversion and, 377
Third Crusade, 24
Jerusalem and, 192
Thousand and One Nights, ‘Frankish filth’ in, 294
timber, naval dimension, 558
Tīmurtāsh, Frankish prisoners in captivity, 554
tolerance, pre-Crusading period, 408–10
trade, 391–98
Crusader-Muslim contact, 398–402
translations of primary Arabic sources, 13–14
travel, 366–70
Frankish women, 349–50
treaties, Crusader-Muslim contact, 392
Tripoli, 20, 29, 75, 76
pilgrims and, 366
Ţughtegin (of Damascus), 82, 83
Frankish prisoners in captivity, 552
Tunisia, navy and, 562
Turānshāh (son of al-Sālih Ayyūb), 222
Turcomans, 441–3
Turkey (Anatolia), 18
Turks/Turkish of Anatolia, 40–2
horsemen, 512–14
language barrier and, 331
nomads, Seljuq Turks and, 17, 100–1
role of, 5
Tyre, 29, 75, 204
dinars, Crusader-Muslim contact, 398
Frankish fortifications, 470
Frankish leaders and, 344
navy and, 569
Saladin and, 24, 172
al-’Udhrī (geographer), 272 ‘Umar, naval dimension, 557
al-’Umarī (writer), 232
images and, 308
Umayyad Mosque, Damascus, perspectival view, 105(fig.)
al-’Unayn (poet), chivalric values and, 355
under-glass paintings, 264–8
Universal History (Ibn al-Athīr), 10, 52–3 ‘Uqaylids, 351
Urban II, Pope, 1, 20, 259
Usāma b. Munqidh (writer), 10, 166, 259–62, 309, 518, 550, 613
arms, 451–3
bathhouse, 276–82
chivalric values, 355–6
Christian churches, 296
cleanliness, 276
conversion, 377
Crusader religious orders, 335
Crusader-Muslim contact, 397
Dome of the Rock, 290
Franks, 273, 274, 321, 347–8, 350, 351, 354, 365–6, 554
language barrier, 331
mangonels, 524
medicine, 352–3
Memoirs, 259–62
pilgrims, 367
sapping, 531
swords, 455
warfare, 433
‘Uthmānic Qur’an, 305
Wade Cup, inscription on, 360(fig.)
warfare, 431–504
conduct of, 511–81
warriors, Frankish women, 348–9
al-Wāşitī, Ghāzī b. (writer), 48, 162–3, 164
Frankish Christianity and, 312–13
water, Muslim fortifications, 484–9
Way of the Franks who went out to Syria in Those Years, The (Hamdān ibn ‘Abd al-Rahīm), 258
Ways of Life along the Frontiers (Siyar al-thughūr) (al-Ţarsūsī), 101
wheel crossbow, 526
Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 593
William the Frank, spies and, 549
Wisdom of Royal Glory (Yūsuf Khāşş Hājib), 439
women
armour and, 464
attitude to, 278–80
Franks, 313, 347–51
in jihād, 223
wood, naval dimension, 558
worship
appropriation of monuments, 370–5
freedom of, 378–81
written sources, Nūr al-Dīn in, 132–41
al-Yaghi-Siyānī, Şalāh al-Dīn, Frankish prisoners in captivity, 553
Yaghisiyān (ruler of Antioch), 68
al-Yūnīnī (chronicler), Frankish leaders and, 341–2
al-Zāhir, Fāţimid caliph
appropriation of monuments, 371–2
Jerusalem and, 147
al-Zāhir, al-Malik (Saladin’s son), 498
Crusader-Muslim contact, 399
Muslim fortifications, 484, 489
Sahyūn and, 535–6
Zakkār (Syrian scholar), 5
Zengi, ‘Imād al-Dīn, 22, 112–16
at Edessa, 110–11
fall of Edessa, 112–16
Jerusalem, 150
navy, 564
recognition of, 5
sieges, 533
Zionism, 601
zodiac signs
Artuq Shāh mirror, 38(fig.)
Vaso del Rota, 39(fig.)
Vaso Vescovali, 53(fig.)
Zubayda, 268
The Crusades- Islamic Perspectives Page 75