games, 116–117
gene replacement therapy, 16
government-funded support services, 25, 27–28, 30, 32, 122, 126
grocery shopping, 86, 104–105, 108
grooming, 91–93
hair care, 87, 89–91, 93
hallucinations, 8, 42, 52, 124
handwashing, 68–69
health care planning, 21, 24–29, 125
hearing (auditory sense), 40, 126
heater safety, 77, 89
herbal remedies, 16, 51, 70, 74
hippocampus, 13–14, 124
hoarding, 44
home care, 26, 47, 104, 124
private vs. government, 27, 30
home environment: fall prevention, 72–80, 99
safety assessment, 63, 65, 67–68, 70–71
home health aides, 27, 47, 104
hospice care, 27, 124
hot water temperature, 74, 79, 89
housework, 104–108
hypertonia, 8, 72, 124
ID bracelets/cards, 55
illness/disease, 123–124
prevention, 84–85, 88, 90–94
signs of, 50–51
similar to AD, 11–13
impaction, bowel, 94, 96
inappropriate behaviors, 44, 46–47, 97
incontinence: causes, 8, 44, 51, 81, 94–95, 124
managing, 88, 94–97
independence: allowing safely, 39, 85–88, 90, 94, 97, 120
expectations for, 82–83
infection control, 68–70
incontinence and, 70, 96–97
instructions: for activities, 113, 117–120
breaking into steps, 37, 39–40, 82, 87, 126
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), 8, 104–106, 124
participation in, 106–112
insurance: health, 27, 30–31, 68
long-term care, 27–28
trip, 110
Internet resources, 23, 129
irritability, 8, 44, 90, 99, 118
judgment, loss of, 7–8, 17, 36
falls and, 71–73
kitchen safety, 70–71, 74, 77
language: ability for, 5, 7–8, 36
nonverbal, 18, 36–37, 40–42
large motor skills, 103, 124–125
activity for, 103–104, 106, 108, 116, 119
laundry, 70, 100, 103–105, 107
lifting, 62–65, 67
lighting: for ADLs, 89, 95
safety and, 71–72, 74, 78
living trusts, revocable, 30
long-term care, 20–21, 24–30, 32, 125
long-term planning, 20–34
financial, 21, 29–34
health care, 20–21, 24–29, 125
participation in, 22–23, 24
support systems, 21–24, 27, 37, 55, 104
loss of consciousness, 51
lying, proper position for, 65–66
medical care: around the clock, 28–29, 126
effective, 18, 25–26, 33
medication(s): behavior and, 49, 51, 94
managing, 16, 51–52, 54, 90, 105, 110, 124
safety with, 12, 68, 70, 74, 77–78
memory, 6, 111, 113
disorientation and, 54–55
loss of, 7–8, 36
mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 1–2, 125
“mirroring,” 36
money management, daily, 53, 105, 109
motor skills: activities for, 103–104, 106–108, 112–113, 115–117, 119
fine vs. large, 103, 124–125
movement: active vs. passive, 103–104
daily, 103
organization of, 4–5, 8, 104
muscles: healthy, 65, 84, 103
incontinence and, 94–95
music, 49, 89, 104
Namenda (memantine), 16
National Institute on Aging (NIA), 15, 23, 129
newsletters, 24, 129
nonverbal communication, 18, 36–37, 40–42
nursing care, skilled, 11, 26–29, 126
nutrition: goals, 69, 84–85, 96
mealtime approaches, 39–40, 53, 86–87, 104, 106, 108
problems, 8, 13, 44, 51, 81, 84–87
obsessive behavior, 8, 44, 108–109
obstructions: fall risk, 71–73, 75
incontinence and, 95–97
one-step activities, 112, 115–116
oral hygiene, 85, 91–92
outings, 34, 79, 104–105, 108–110, 112
outside environment: activities, 103, 106
safety cautions, 67–68, 71
overdose/overmedication, 70, 74
pacing, 44, 46, 73–74
pain, behavior and, 46–47, 50, 88, 92
PALMER symptoms, 3–7, 36, 104, 118, 122–123
falls and, 71–72
“patterning,” 87
perception: behavior and, 4, 8, 43, 72, 125–126
disorientation and, 54–55
spatial, 72–73
perseveration, 8, 41, 44, 54, 113, 125
physicians, 126
choosing, 25–26
interacting with, 18, 26, 33
“pick your battles,” 42, 45, 90–92, 97
“pocketing,” 85
poison control, 70, 74, 76, 78
police phone number, 52, 76
positioning: lying in bed, 65–66
safety for, 62–65
positive interaction techniques: for activities, 112–120
basics of, 36–41
example, 41–42
importance, 18–19, 36, 125
prevention: of dementia, 15–16
of falls, 68, 72–78, 99
of illnesses, 84–85, 88, 90–91, 94
privacy for ADLs, 87, 89–90, 94–95
public appearances, 97, 100
quality of life: activity and, 102–104
communication as key, 35–59
reasoning, loss of, 7–8, 16–17, 36
referrals: attorney, 29
dementiaspecific, 15, 23, 29, 129
long-term care, 21
physician, 25–26
refusal: during ADLs, 87, 90, 92–93, 98–100
to do anything, 49
to eat, 39–40, 44, 51
relaxation activities, 103–104, 106, 108, 113, 115–117
reminiscing boxes, 112, 114–115
Reminyl (galantamine), 16
residential care facility, 28, 32, 125–126
admissions, 11, 26–27
resistance. See refusal respite, 23, 27
rest, daily, 103
restlessness, 8, 49
reversals, night and day, 44, 49, 53
routines: flexible, 49, 53, 88, 90, 99–100
incontinence and, 95. See also activity(ies)
rugs, falls and, 71–73, 75, 89
rummaging, 44, 49, 99
Safe Return Program, 55
safety, 60–80
body mechanics, 60–68
car outings, 79, 109–110
home environment, 70–80
independence limitations, 39, 85–88, 90, 94, 97, 120
infection control, 68–70
medications, 12, 70, 74, 77–78
mental, 43, 47
samples for activities, 117–119
seating safety, 64–65, 73
seeing (visual sense), 4, 40, 54, 126
self-esteem: during ADLS, 87, 89–90, 93–94, 98, 100
maintaining positive, 37–39, 53, 105
senility, 10, 126
senses/sensory, 40, 126
during ADLs, 85–87, 91
use in communication, 40–41, 52, 54
“separation anxiety,” 35
shoewear safety, 67, 71, 100
shop/garage work, 71, 74, 78, 104, 107
shopping, 86, 104–105, 108
simple sentences, 37, 39–40, 117
skilled nursing care, 11, 26–29, 126
skin breakdown, 47, 65, 84, 88, 94, 96
s
kin care, 88–89, 91, 96
sleep difficulties, 12, 49, 103
smell (olfactory sense), 40, 126
social activities: daily, 28, 103, 111
outings, 79, 105, 109–110
planning, 34, 97, 100, 110–112
Social Services Department, 122, 126
stairway safety, 68, 70–73, 75
standard precautions for cleanliness, 68–70, 96–97
step, 113, 126
in instructions, 37, 39–40, 82, 87, 126
stimulation with activities, 102–104
stress management: for caregiver, 20–21, 102, 104
during interactions, 36–38, 47
nutrition and, 84–87
safety and, 62–63, 70. See also support system
success, redefining, 45, 63, 100
sundowning, 49, 126
supplemental nutrition, liquid, 87
supplies: for activities, 117–119
caregiving, 64–65, 68, 77, 95–96
support groups, 23–24
support services: governmentfunded, 25, 27–28, 30, 32, 122, 126
in-home, 26, 30, 47, 124
professional, 32–33
support system, long-term, 21–24, 27, 37, 55, 104
swallowing: difficulty with, 8, 85–87
during oral care, 91
symptoms: acceptance of, 16–19
basic, 3–7, 122–123
early, 1–3
tasks, once-familiar, 53–54
taste, as sense, 126
tau protein, 10–11
tax credits for long-term care, 30
telephone numbers: for resources, 129
safety and, 52, 54, 76
telephone use, 105, 108–109
temperature safety: food, 86
hot water, 74, 79, 89
therapeutic activity, 53, 101–102, 127
therapeutic program, 126–127
time factor: for activities, 113
for ADLs, 42, 85, 90, 97, 99
toileting: approaches, 94–97
problems, 8, 44, 50–51, 81, 94–95
touch (tactile sense), 40, 126
toxic chemicals, 106
transferring: body mechanics, 60–62
key points, 64–65
safety, 62–64
transportation: driving cautions, 53–54
for outings, 105, 109–110
travel planning, 34, 110
TV viewing, 103
two-step activities, 112, 115–116
understanding: of activities, 118–120
behavior problems, 3, 17, 42–43, 45, 122
disease symptoms, 3–7, 35
helping partner with, 39–42, 63
urination. See incontinence; toileting
utensils: eating, 84–87, 108
food preparation, 71, 107, 120
vaccines, 16
ventricles of brain, 13–14, 127
verbal communication, 37–38, 42, 47
vital signs, 50–51
vitamin E, 16
walks, 53, 68, 103, 110. See also ambulation
wandering, 44, 54–55, 73–74
waste disposal, 70, 96–97
Web sites for resources, 32, 129
weight maintenance, 85
“why” questions, 38–39
window safety, 71, 74, 79, 109
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