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by Jeremy Paxman


  121 ‘From the mutilated’: Quoted in ‘The Lost Arctic Voyagers’, Household Words, 2 December 1854.

  122 ‘the savage has’: Ibid.

  122 ‘The better educated’: Ibid.

  122 ‘heroic little monkey’: Darwin, The Descent of Man, vol. II, pp. 796–7.

  123 ‘Survival of the’: Rusden, ‘Labour and Capital’, pp. 67–83.

  123 ‘an iron-handed and’: F. J. McLynn, Burton: Snow upon the Desert, quoted in Brendon, The Decline and Fall of the British Empire, p. 154.

  124 ‘the very abomination’: Burton, Wanderings in West Africa from Liverpool to Fernando Po, vol. II, p. 295.

  124 ‘Except some knowledge’: Hunt, On the Negro’s Place in Nature, p. 27.

  124 ‘This premature union’: Ibid., p. 8.

  125 ‘the analogies are’: Ibid., pp. 51–2.

  125 ‘my statement of’: Ibid., Dedication.

  125 ‘Our Bristol and’: Ibid., p. 53.

  125 ‘hierarchy of civilisation’: Report by Commission VII on missions and governments to the Edinburgh conference in 1910, quoted in Brian Stanley, ‘Church, State and the Hierarchy of Civilisation’, in Porter, ed., The Imperial Horizons of British Protestant Missions, p. 65.

  126 ‘the form of Africa’: David Clement Scott, Life and Work in British Central Africa, quoted in Andrew C. Ross, ‘Christian Missions and the Mid-Nineteenth-Century Change in Attitudes to Race: The African Experience’, in Porter, ed., The Imperial Horizons of British Protestant Missions, p. 85.

  126 ‘Watching that the’: Ogilvie, Our Empire’s Debt to Missions, p. 217.

  Chapter Seven

  128 ‘the matter [had]’: Haggard, She, p. 118.

  128 ‘This beauty, with’: Ibid., pp. 158–9.

  128 ‘I am but’: Ibid., p. 193.

  129 ‘I can safely’: Haggard, King Solomon’s Mines, p. 10.

  130 ‘I now commenced’: Quoted in James, The Rise and Fall of the British Empire, p. 222.

  130 ‘to prostitute themselves’: Sellon, Annotations on the Sacred Writings of the Hindüs, pp. 55–6.

  130 ‘not very much’: Ibid.

  130 ‘the handsomest Mohammedan’: Sellon, The Ups and Downs of Life, pp. 52–3.

  131 ‘if a young’: Quoted in Leigh, ed., The Erotic Traveller, p. 24.

  132 Colonel James Skinner: Hyam, Empire and Sexuality, p. 115.

  132 The records show: William Dalrymple, ‘White mischief’, Guardian, 9 December 2002.

  133 ‘She keeps house’: Burton, The Life of Captain Sir Richard F. Burton, vol. I, p. 135.

  133 ‘born in India’: Quoted in James, Raj, p. 218.

  134 ‘insinuating manners and’: Quoted in ibid., p. 219.

  134 ‘eastern princess’: Garnet Wolseley to Richard Wolseley, 7 August 1859, Wolseley Private Papers, Hove, 163/1, quoted in Kochanski, Sir Garnet Wolseley, p. 24.

  135 ‘more perfect than’: Shore, Memoirs of the Life, Writings and Correspondence of Sir William Jones, vol. II, p. 170.

  135 ‘standing for half’: Quoted in James, Raj, p. 225.

  136 ‘In the hot’: Quoted in Allen, Plain Tales from the British Empire, p. 155.

  137 ‘observed that those’: S. Sneade Browne, Home Letters written from India, 1828–41, quoted in Hyam, Empire and Sexuality, p. 117.

  138 ‘Dogs and other’: Sharp, Goodbye India, p. 138.

  139 ‘hot-weather housekeeping’: Quoted in Barr, The Memsahibs, p. 99.

  139 ‘The menu was’: Forster, A Passage to India, p. 43.

  140 ‘Dirt, illimitable, inconceivable’: Steel and Gardiner, The Complete Indian Housekeeper and Cook, p. 86.

  140 ‘the Indian servant’: Ibid., p. 12.

  140 ‘Never do work’: Ibid., p. 15.

  141 the grass widow: Diver, The Englishwoman in India, p. 24.

  141 ‘deranged menstruation’: Quoted in Ardis and Lewis, eds., Women’s Experience of Modernity, p. 146.

  142 ‘die out about’: Quoted in MacMillan, Women of the Raj, p. 99.

  142 ‘The House of Desolation’: Ricketts, Rudyard Kipling, p. 15.

  142 ‘When the time’: Ross, Blindfold Games, p. 69.

  142 ‘What would India’: Count von Königsmark, ‘Die Engländer in Indien’, quoted in Diver, The Englishwoman in India, Preface.

  144 ‘the interests of’: The Times, 3 December 1908. See also Hyam, Understanding the British Empire, pp. 417–39.

  145 ‘injurious and dangerous’: Quoted in Hyam, ‘Concubinage and the Colonial Service: The Crewe Circular (1909)’, p. 182.

  145 ‘Pity the poor’: Quoted in Nicholls, Red Strangers, pp. 72–3.

  146 ‘Guides! remember the’: Baden-Powell and Baden-Powell, The Handbook for Girl Guides, p. 413.

  146 ‘Britain has been’: Ibid., p. 45.

  146 They were taught: For example, the headmistress of Wycombe Abbey, who wrote that ‘I think I do not speak too strongly when I say that games [for girls], i.e., active games in the open air, are essential to a healthy existence, and that most of the qualities, if not all, that conduce to the supremacy of our country in so many quarters of the globe, are fostered, if not solely developed, by the means of games’: Jane Frances Dove, quoted in Beale, Soulsby and Dove, Work and Play in Girls’ Schools, p. 398.

  146 ‘It is men’s’: Baden-Powell and Baden-Powell, The Handbook for Girl Guides, p. 414.

  147 ‘delightful prospects’: Ibid.

  147 ‘To a true-hearted’: Ibid., p. 235.

  Chapter Eight

  149 ‘a lascar familiar’: ‘The Bridge-Builders’, in Kipling, Collected Stories, p. 442.

  149 ‘kill all weariness’: Ibid., p. 454.

  150 ‘This embodiment of’: Roosevelt, African Game Trails, p. 2.

  151 ‘Our work was’: Patterson, The Man-Eaters of Tsavo and Other East African Adventures, p. 20.

  152 ‘The wily man-eaters’: Ibid., pp. 105–6.

  153 ‘prostitutes, small boys’: Jackson, quoted in Miller, The Lunatic Express, p. 387.

  153 ‘Pumping-engine employee’: Quoted in Hardy, The Iron Snake, p. 266.

  153 ‘Indian trade, enterprise’: Ibid., p. 479.

  154 ‘the entire continent’: ‘Confession of Faith’, Oxford, Bodleian Library of Commonwealth and African Studies at Rhodes House, MSS Afr. t.1.

  156 ‘That book has’: Flint, Cecil Rhodes, p. 24.

  156 ‘I contend’: Ibid.

  156 ‘It is our duty’: Ibid.

  157 ‘the native is’: Verschoyle, Cecil Rhodes, pp. 159, 163.

  158 ‘When he stands’: Twain, Following the Equator, p. 708.

  159 The imperial historian: Hyam, Britain’s Imperial Century, p. 25.

  159 ‘shipful of failures’: ‘The Amateur Emigrant’, in Stevenson, The Works of Robert Louis Stevenson, ch. XVIII, pp. 10, 14.

  160 ‘How like a King’: Defoe, Robinson Crusoe, p. 236.

  160 ‘the true symbol’: James Joyce, Daniel Defoe, quoted in Hulme, Colonial Encounters, p. 216.

  160 ‘brave, ruthless, decisive’: R. H. W. Reece, ‘Brooke, Sir Charles Anthoni Johnson (1829–1917)’, Dictionary of National Biography.

  160 ‘I have never’: Quoted in Maugham, Collected Stories, p. xxii.

  161 ‘If British East’: Bell, Glimpses of a Governor’s Life, pp. 106–7.

  162 ‘primarily Kenya is’: Quoted in Hyam, Understanding the British Empire, pp. 225–6.

  164 ‘A fertile and’: William Pember Reeve, Long White Cloud, quoted in Brendon, The Decline and Fall of the British Empire, p. 91.

  164 ‘This is what she’: Ruskin, Lectures on Art, pp. 29–30.

  165 ‘I do not know’: Most editions of The Voyage of the Beagle do not include this line (Darwin himself made changes to succeeding editions). The line was included in the 1839 Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the various countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle, under the command of Captain FitzRoy, R.N., from 1832–1836. The full passage appears in Nicholas and Nicholas, Charl
es Darwin in Australia, p. 97.

  Chapter Nine

  168 ‘[From my heart’: Strachey, Queen Victoria, p. 419.

  169 ‘should rank in’: The Times, 19 August 1875, quoted in Port, Imperial London, p. 28.

  170 ‘How many millions’: Quoted in ibid., p. 31.

  170 ‘Up they came’: G. W. Steevens, Daily Mail, 23 June 1897, quoted in Judd, Empire, p. 134.

  171 ‘No one ever’: Hibbert, Queen Victoria, p. 457.

  171 ‘imperialism is in’: Quoted in Judd, Empire, p. 133, and Hammertown and Cannadine, ‘Conflict and Consensus on a Ceremonial Occasion: The Diamond Jubilee in Cambridge in 1897’, p. 112.

  172 ‘patriotism, conventionally defined’: Robertson, Patriotism and Empire, p. 138.

  173 ‘mere victory is’: Callwell, Small Wars, p. 151. Callwell’s book went through three editions by 1910.

  173 ‘necessity by which’: Melbourne to Howick, 16 December 1837, quoted in Darwin, ‘Imperialism and the Victorians: The Dynamics of Territorial Expansion’, p. 624.

  173 ‘foster some sort’: Earl of Cromer, ‘The government of subject races’, Political and Literary Essays, quoted in J. G. Darwin, ‘Baring, Evelyn, first earl of Cromer’, in Dictionary of National Biography.

  174 ‘any more than’: Quoted in Cromer, Modern Egypt, vol. I, p. 92, n. 1.

  177 ‘Much as I like’: Letter from Robert Hart (Inspector General of Chinese Maritime Customs) to J. D. Campell (his agent in London), 11 August 1880, printed in Fairbank, Bruner and Matheson, eds., The I.G. in Peking, p. 332.

  178 ‘The Soudanese are’: Pall Mall Gazette, 9 January 1884.

  179 ‘He seems to’: Quoted by Richard Davenport-Hines in Dictionary of National Biography entry.

  180 ‘It’s funny that’: Ibid.

  180 ‘When God was’: Quoted in Moorehead, The White Nile, p. 263.

  180 In his journal: Quoted in ibid., p. 245.

  180 ‘NOW MARK THIS’: Quoted in ibid., p. 258.

  180 ‘Khartoum is all’: Quoted in ibid., p. 261.

  182 ‘a mongrel scum’: Quoted in Longford, A Pilgrimage of Passion, p. 214.

  182 ‘not help singing’: Quoted in ibid., p. 215.

  182 ‘for I am’: Gordon, Khartoum Journal, pp. 56–7.

  182 ‘A man who’: Cromer, Modern Egypt, vol. I, p. 448.

  183 ‘That the promises’: Quoted in Moorehead, The White Nile, pp. 270–71.

  183 Sir Edward Elgar: He abandoned the idea, but much of the music found its way into his oratorio The Dream of Gerontius, a setting to music of Newman’s poem, which was a favourite of Gordon’s.

  183 ‘England stands before’: Stevenson, Selected Letters of Robert Louis Stevenson, p. 276.

  183 ‘to try to nurse’: W. T. Stead, in The Century: A Popular Quarterly, vol. 28 (August 1884), p. 561.

  183 ‘In him were’: Pall Mall Gazette, 11 February 1885.

  183 ‘General Gordon does’: Cromer, Modern Egypt, vol. II, p. 11.

  184 ‘Thou shalt be’: Quoted in Moorehead, The White Nile, p. 287.

  185 ‘to regard the’: Churchill, The River War, vol. II, p. 196.

  185 ‘a good dusting’: Quoted in D’Este, Warlord, p. 105.

  186 ‘even ham sandwiches’: Brendon, Winston Churchill, p. 28.

  186 ‘disentombment’ of the Mahdi: Hansard, 4th series, vol. 72, col. 359, 5 June 1899.

  188 ‘wrangle between two’: Blunt, My Diaries, vol. I, p. 367.

  188 ‘a bitterness and’: Churchill, The River War, vol. II, p. 212.

  189 ‘persuade most people’: Forster, 13 May 1884, House of Commons, quoted in Shannon, Gladstone, p. 332.

  189 ‘Our side in’: Quoted in Hopkins, ‘The Victorians and Africa: A Reconsideration of the Occupation of Egypt, 1882’, p. 384.

  Chapter Ten

  193 ‘Many there were’: Hyam, Britain’s Imperial Century, p. 7.

  193 ‘What is he’: The story is told in Henderson, Set under Authority, p. 14, and obviously needs to be taken with a large pinch of salt.

  194 ‘in forty years’: Scott, The Jewel in the Crown, pp. 223–4.

  195 ‘produced an English’: Lugard, The Dual Mandate in Tropical Africa, p. 132.

  196 ‘the white man’s burden, Lord’: Blunt, The Poetical Works of Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, vol. II, p. 285.

  196 ‘In Memory of’: Kernot, British Public Schools War Memorials, p. 30.

  198 ‘Rapidly we learned’: James, Beyond a Boundary, pp. 25, 26.

  198 ‘every department of’: Cromer, Political and Literary Essays, 3rd Series, pp. 13–14.

  198 ‘we do not merely’: Miles, ‘Sport and Athletics, and the British Empire’, pp. 491, 499.

  199 ‘I am Sandi’: Quoted in Anthony Kirk-Greene, ‘Imperial Administration and the Athletic Imperative: The Case of the District Officer in Africa’, in Baker and Mangan, eds., Sport in Africa, pp. 87–8.

  199 ‘Documents no longer’: Quoted in Morris, Pax Britannica, p. 189.

  199 ‘Why, some of’: Quoted in Bell, Glimpses of a Governor’s Life, p. 79.

  200 a tiny force: Kirk-Greene, ‘The Sudan Political Service: A Profile in the Sociology of Imperialism’, p. 21.

  200 ‘by accident’: Kirk-Greene, Britain’s Imperial Administrators, p. 180.

  201 from country families: Or ‘from the families of members of the imperial civil service or professional classes who had their roots and traditions in the English countryside’, writes Robert Collins, who analysed the recruitment figures in ‘The Sudan Political Service: A Portrait of the “Imperialists” ’.

  201 ‘Beware and take’: Quoted in Walvin, Black Ivory, p. 26.

  201 ‘Bankrupts, divorcees, cashiered’: Pakenham, Out in the Noonday Sun, p. 48.

  201 ‘Mr Rowland called’: Robert V. Kubicek, The Administration of Imperialism, quoted in ibid., p. 48.

  202 ‘We had often’: Furse, Aucuparius, p. 189.

  202 ‘Don’t turn round’: Ibid., p. 148. This last wasn’t necessarily a trick question. When another candidate was asked what he planned to do that afternoon and replied that he was planning to go to Lord’s, he was met with the disarming ‘Splendid. I’ll just get my hat and come along with you.’ (W. A. Dodd, manuscript contribution to Oxford Development Records Project, ‘The Development of Education in Tanzania’ (1982), Bodleian Library of Commonwealth and African Studies at Rhodes House, Oxford, MSS Afr. s. 1755, quoted in Baker and Mangan, eds., Sport in Africa, p. 94.

  203 ‘A man’s face’: Furse, Aucuparius, p. 67.

  203 the handshake: Ibid., pp. 230–31.

  203 ‘YOU HAVE BEEN’: This was the title of Alan Forward’s recollections of his time there as a district officer, although he did not receive his telegram until 1954.

  203 ‘that admirable class’: Furse, Aucuparius, p. 9.

  203 ‘a service of’: Bradley, Once a District Officer, p. 29.

  203 ‘I was head’: Allen, Plain Tales from the British Empire, p. 313.

  204 ‘spent three months’: Ibid., p. 28.

  205 ‘What shall it’: Furse, Aucuparius, p. 145.

  205 ‘The abolition of’: Ibid., p. 309.

  205 ‘An occasional lick’: Brendon, Eminent Edwardians, p. 220.

  205 ‘a tussle with’: Ibid., p. 223.

  207 ‘They are bad’: Jeal, Baden-Powell, p. 220.

  208 ‘burrowed into the’: Maj. H. de Montmorency diary, quoted in Jeal, Baden-Powell, p. 222.

  208 ‘A second shell’: Quoted in ibid., p. 247.

  210 ‘I suppose every’: Quoted in ibid., p. 391.

  210 ‘ “Country first, self’: Baden-Powell, Scouting for Boys, p. 28.

  210 ‘to be very clever’: Ibid., pp. 173–4.

  210 ‘It is very necessary’: Ibid., p. 156.

  210 ‘because he may’: Ibid., p. 142.

  211 ‘and if he’: Jeal, Baden-Powell, p. 107.

  211 ‘Scouts breathe through’: Ibid., pp. 25–6.

  211 ‘one of the first’: Baden-Powell, Sco
uting for Boys, p. 215.

  212 ‘trained in the’: Brendon, Eminent Edwardians, p. 243.

  212 ‘The Boy Scout’: Evening Standard, 24 January 1911.

  212 ‘Such small things’: Baden-Powell, Scouting for Boys, p. 221.

  213 ‘happiness doesn’t come’: http://scout.org/en/about_scouting/facts_figures/baden_powell/b_p_gallery/b_p_s_last_message.

  Chapter Eleven

  215 ‘His Majesty rules’: St James’s Gazette, undated press cutting, presumably January 1901, quoted in Adams, Edwardian Heritage, p. 18.

  216 ‘no economic, no’: ‘Will the Empire Live’, in Wells, An Englishman Looks at the World, pp. 37–40.

  216 ‘Empire first and’: Kaul, Reporting the Raj, p. 73.

  216 ‘projects for general’: The Times, 4 February 1862, quoted in Schuyler, ‘The Climax of Anti-Imperialism in England’, pp. 540–41.

  216 ‘We can no’: Imperialism: Its Meanings and its Tendencies, published by the city branch of the ILP, May 1900, quoted in Porter, Critics of Empire, p. 136.

  216 ‘England for the’: Clarion, 4 March 1893, quoted in Claeys, Imperial Sceptics, p. 173.

  216 Wilfrid Scawen Blunt: Blunt, My Diaries, vol. I, pp. 375–6.

  216 Lord Curzon shuddered: Lord Curzon, ‘The True Imperialism’, Nineteenth Century 63 (1908), quoted in Bernard Porter, ‘The Edwardians and their Empire’, in Read, ed., Edwardian England, p. 136.

  217 ‘the weary Titan’: Quoted in Amery, The Life of Joseph Chamberlain, vol. IV, p. 421.

  217 ‘Far-called our navies’: Rudyard Kipling, ‘Recessional’, The Times, 17 July 1897, reprinted in Kipling, Poems, Ballads and Other Verses, p. 55.

  218 ‘sunk, burned or’: Quoted in Ransford, Livingston’s Lake, p. 238.

  219 ‘Gott for damn’: Ibid., p. 241.

  219 ‘Thanks to your’: From the Imperial War Museum Archives, quoted in Paice, World War I, p. 20.

  221 ‘We are, above’: Quoted in Ferguson, Empire, pp. 305–6.

  221 ‘Our consuls in’: Marginal note by the Kaiser on a telegram from the German Ambassador in St Petersburg, quoted in Manjapra, ‘The Illusions of Encounter: Muslim “Minds” and Hindu Revolutionaries in First World War Germany and After’, p. 364.

 

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