30 Vincent is a distinguished exception here, pp. 325–33. His defence is realistic, well founded and robust.
31 Southey is the chief culprit, although more because of the literary success of his text that the sophistication of his argument. For his treatment of these events, and an effective demonstration of his many errors of fact and interpretation, see Callender’s 1922 edition, at p. 166. The entire chapter on Naples repays close reading.
32 Herbert Butterfield’s short book of this title, published in 1931, examines the mindset of this school with elegance and insight.
33 Southey, Callender edn., pp. 165–6
List of Source
ARCHIVES
The National Archives (formerly the Public Record Office):
Admiralty Papers (ADM)
Foreign Office Papers (FO)
War Office papers (WO)
Pitt/Chatham Correspondence PRO/30/8/-
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich:
Croker, Phillips, Monserrat, Girdlestone, Nelson, Keats, Hood, Yorke
British Library:
Nelson, Bridport, Liverpool, Davison, Vansittart, Nicolas, Pettigrew,
Althorp, St Vincent, Lord Aberdeen.
Additional (Add.) and Egerton (Eg.) manuscripts
Nelson Museum, Monmouth:
Nelson Papers
Duke University Library, North Carolina:
Admiral Sir Graham Hamond
John Wilson Croker
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor:
John Wilson Croker
PRINTED DOCUMENTARY COLLECTIONS
(Place of publication is London unless otherwise stated.)
Anon. The Letters of Lord Nelson to Lady Hamilton; with a supplement of Interesting letters by Distinguished Characters. 1814
Aspinall, A. ed. Later Correspondence of George III. Cambridge, 1962 – The Correspondence of George, Prince of Wales. Cambridge, 1963–71
Baring, Mrs. ed. The Diary of the Rt. Hon. William Windham MP 1794–1811, 1866.
Battaglini, M. & Placanica, A. Leggi, Atti, Proclami ed altri Documenti Della Repubblica Napoletana, 1798–1799. 4 vols. Naples, 2000–2
Bickley, F. ed. The Diareis of Sylvester Douglas, Lord Glenbervie. 1928
Buckingham, Duke of. Courts and Cabinets of George III. 2 vols. 1855
Churchill, R. S. ed. Churchill. Companion Volume II, Parts II and III. 1965
Corbett, J. S. and Richmond, H. The Private Papers of George, Second Earl Spencer. 4 vols. Navy Records Society 1913–14, 1923–4
Manuscripts of Cornwallis Wykeham Martin. Historical Manuscripts Commission, 1909
Coupland, R. ed. The War Speeches of William Pitt the Younger. Oxford, 1915 The Cumloden Papers. nd.
Curry, K. ed. New Letters of Robert Southey. 1965
Desbrière, Colonel E. Projets et tentatives de débarquement aux Iles Britanniques 1792–1805 5 vols. Paris 1900–2
Duffy, M. ed. The Naval Miscellany VI. Navy Records Society, 2003
Fortescue Manuscripts (at Dropmore; Lord Grenville’s Correspondence) 10 vols. Historical Manuscripts Commission, 1892–1927
Fox, C. J. Speeches During the French Revolution. 1924
Gilbert, M. ed. The Churchill War Tapers I: The Admiralty. 1993
Granville, Countess. Lord Granville Leveson Gower, Private Correspondence 1781–1821. 2 vols. 1916.
Greig, J. ed. The Farington Diary. 1922–3
Gutteridge, H. C. Nelson and the Neapolitan Jacobins: Documents relating to the Suppression of the Jacobin Revolution at Naples, June 1799. Navy Records Society, 1903
Hamilton, Sir R. V. ed. Journals and Letters of Sir Thomas Byam Martin. Vol. III Navy Records Society, 1901
Hannay, D. ed. Letters Written by Sir Samuel Hood (Viscount Hood) in 1781–2–3. Navy Records Society, 1895
Harcourt, Rev. L. V. ed. Diaries and Correspondence of the Rt. Hon. George Rose. 2 vols. 1860
Hughes, E. ed. The Private Correspondence of Admiral Lord Collingwood. Navy Records Society, 1952
Lambert, A. ed. Letters and Papers of Professor Sir John Knox Laughton: 1830–1915. Navy Records Society, Aldershot, 2002
Lang, C. Y. and Shannon, E. F. The Letters of Alfred, Lord Tennyson Volume III. Oxford, 1990
Laughton, J. K. ed The Naval Miscellany Vols. I and II. Navy Records Society, London, 1901
– Letters of Lord Barham. II–III. Navy Records Society, 1909–10
Leyland, J. ed. The Blockade of Brest 1803–1805. 2 vols. Navy Records Society, 1900 and 1901
Lloyd, C. ed. The Naval Miscellany Vol. IV. Navy Records Society, 1952
– The Keith Papers, selected from the Papers of Admiral Viscount Keith. Vol. II. Navy Records Society, 1950
Londonderry, Lord. Correspondence, Dispatches etc, of Lord Castlereagh. 12 vols. 1851–3
Marder, A. J. ed. Fear God and Dreadnought: The Correspondence of Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fisher of Kilverstone. Vol. II 1904–1914. 1956
Morrison, A. ed. The Hamilton and Nelson Papers. 2 vols. 1893–4
Morriss, R., ed. The Channel Fleet and the Blockade of Brest 1793–1801. Navy Records Society, Aldershot, 2001
Naish, G. P. B. Nelson’s Letters to his Wife and other Documents. Navy Records Society, 1958
Nicol, J. The Life and Adventures of John Nicol. Edinburgh, 1822
Nicolas, Sir H. N. The Dispatches and Letters of Vice-Admiral Lord Viscount Nelson. 7 vols. 1844–6
Pool, B. ed. The Croker Papers. 1967
Rawson G. ed. Nelson’s Letters from the Leeward Islands. 1953
Smith, D. B. Letters of Admiral of the Fleet the Earl St Vincent; 1801–1804. Navy Records Society, 1922 and 1927
Steffan, T. G. and Pratt, W. W. Byron’s Don Juan, 2 Vols. Austin, Texas, 1957
The Windham Papers. 2 vols. 1913
BOOKS
Acton, H. The Bourbons of Naples. 1956
Albion, R. G. Forests and Seapower: The Timber Problem of the Royal Navy. Cambridge, Mass., 1926
Arthur, C. B. The Remaking of the English Navy by Admiral St Vincent, Key to Victory over Napoleon. Lanham MD, 1986
Auerbach, J. A. The Great Exhibition of 1851: A Nation on Display. Yale, 1999
Barker, J. Wordsworth: A Life. 2000
Battesti, M. La Battaille d’Aboukir: Nelson contrarie la Stratégie de Napoleon. Paris, 1998
Beatty, W. The Authentic Narrative of the Death of Lord Nelson. 1807
Behrman, C. F. Victorian Myths of the Sea. Athens, Ohio, 1977
Bennett, G. Nelson the Commander. 1972
Berckman, E. Nelson’s Dear Lord: A Portrait of St Vincent. 1962
Beresford, Lord C. and Wilson, H. W. Nelson and his Times. 1897
Beresford, Lord C. Memoirs. 1916
Berry, Sir E. An Authentic Narrative, drawn up by an Officer of Rank. 1798
Billing, V. The Panorama of the Battle of Trafalgar: Painted by WL Wyllie RA. Portsmouth, 2002
Boase, T. S. R. English Art, 1800–1870. Oxford, 1959
Bold, J. Greenwich Hospital. Yale, 2000
Bolger, W. and Share, B. And Nelson on his Pillar, 1808–1966. Dublin, 1976
Bourchier, Lady. Memoir of Sir Edward Codrington. 2 vols. 1873
Brenton, E. P. The Naval History of Great Britain. 2 vols. 1837
Brewer, J. The Sinews of Power: War, Money and the English State 1688–1783. 1988
British Maritime Doctrine BR 1806. 1999
Burrows, E. H. Captain Owen of the African Survey, 1774–1857. Rotterdam, 1979
Butlin, M. and Joll, E. The Paintings of J. M. W. Turner. 2 vols. Yale, 1977
Butterfield, H. The Whig Interpretation of History. 1931
Carlyle, T. Heroes and Hero Worship. Everyman edition, 1908
– ‘Nelson’, in Montaigne and other Essays. 1898
Cavanagh, T. Public Sculpture of Liverpool. Liverpool, 1997
Chancellor, V. E. History for Their Masters; Opinion in English History Textbook, 1800–1914. Bath, 1970
Chandler, D
. The Campaigns of Napoleon. 1967
Charnock, J. Life of Nelson. 1802
Clarke, J. S. and McArthur, J. The Life of Admiral Lord Nelson, KB, from His Lordship’s manuscripts. 1809; 2nd edn, 1840
Clarke, W. K. L. A History of the SPCK. 1959
Clausewitz, C. von. On War, transl. Paret, P. and Howard, M. Princeton, 1970
Coleridge, S. T. The Friend I, ed. Rooke, B. 1969
Colley, L. Britons: Forging the Nation 1707–1837. 1992
Conrad, J. The Mirror of the Sea. Collected edn, 1923
Cook, R. The Palace of Westminster. 1987
Cookson, J. E. The British Armed Nation, 1793–1815. Oxford, 1997
Corbett, J. S. The Campaign of Trafalgar. 1910
– Some Principles of Maritime Strategy. 1911
Cordingly, D. Nicholas Pocock, 1740–1821. 1986
Corlett, E. The Iron Ship. Bradford-upon-Avon, 1975
Cornwallis-West, G. The Life and Letters of Admiral Cornwallis. 1927
Crook, M. Toulon in War and Revolution. Manchester, 1991
Crook, J. M. and Port, M. H. The History of the King’s Works VI 1782–1851 1973
Darby, E. and Smith, N. The Cult of the Prince Consort. Yale, 1983
Deane, A. Nelson’s Favourite: HMS Agamemnon at War, 1781–1809. 1996
De la Gravière, Capt. E. Jurien, Sketches of the Late Naval War. transl. Capt. Plunkett RN. 2 vols. London, 1848
Desbrière, Col. E. The Campaign of Trafalgar, transl C. Eastwick. 2 vols. Oxford, 1933.
Dupin, C. Voyages dans la Grand-Bretagne. Vol. IV. Paris, 1821
Eardley-Wilmot, S. Life of Vice Admiral Lord Lyons. 1898
Edgerton, J. Making and Meaning: Turner, The Fighting Temeraire. 1995
Ehrman, J. The Younger Pitt. 3 vols. 1969, 1983, 1996
Erdman, D. V. Blake: Prophet Against Empire. 3rd edn. Princeton, 1977
Eyre-Matcham, M. The Nelsons of Burnham Thorpe. 1911
Feldbaek, O. The Battle of Copenhagen, 1801: Nelson and the Danes. Copenhagen, 1985; English edn transl. Wedgewood, T. 2002
– Denmark and the Armed Neutrality:1800–1801. Small Power Policy in a World War. Copenhagen, 1990
Fenwick, K. HMS Victory. 1959
Foote, E. J. Vindication of his Conduct when Captain of HMS Seahorse etc. 1799. 1807; 2nd edn, 1810
Foreman, A. Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire. 1998
Fortescue, J. W. A History of the British Army, Vol. IV. 1906
Fraser, J. L. John Constable. 1976
Frost, A. The Precarious Life of James Mario Matra. Melbourne, 1995
Fry, M. The Dundas Despotism. Edinburgh, 1992
Gardiner, R. ed. Fleet Battle and Blockade. 1996
– Nelson against Napoleon: From the Nile to Copenhagen. 1997
– The Campaign of Trafalgar 1803–1805. 1997
Gash, N. Lord Liverpool. 1984
Gatty A. and Gatty, M. Recollections of the Life of the Rev. A. J. Scott DD. 1842, reprinted as Nelson’s Spy? Bridgenorth, 2003
George, D. English Political Caricature: 1793–1832. Oxford, 1959
Geyl, P. Napoleon: For and Against. English edn. 1949
Gilbert, M. Churchill Vol. III. 1971
Gill, E. Nelson and the Hamiltons on Tour. Monmouth, 1987
Girouard, M. The Return to Camelot: Chivalry and the English Gentleman. 1981
Gooch, G. P. History and Historians in the Nineteenth Century. 1913
Goodwin, P. Nelson’s Ships: A History of the Vessels in Which he Served, 1771–1805. 2002
Gordon, G. A. H. The Rules of the Game: Jutland and British Naval Command. 1996
Gore, J. Nelson’s Hardy and his Wife. 1935
Guerin, W. Horatia Nelson. Oxford, 1981
Harbron, J. Trafalgar and the Spanish Navy. 1988
Hardman, W. A History of Malta during the Period of French and British Occupation, 1798–1815. 1909
Harrison, J. The Life of Horatio, Lord Viscount Nelson of the Nile. 2 vols. 1806
Hemmings, F. J. W. The King of Romance: A Portrait of Alexandre Dumas. 1979
Heuser, B. Reading Clausewitz. 2002
Hill, D. Mr Gillray: The Caricaturist. 1965
Hill, Adm. J. R. The Prizes of War: The Naval Prize System in the Napoleonic Wars, 1793–1815. Stroud, 1998
Hobhouse, H. Prince Albert; His Life and Work. 1983
Hoffman, F. A Sailor of King George: Journals of Captain Frederick Hoffman RN 1793–1814. 1901
Holland, Lord, ed. Memoirs of the Whig Party. 2 vols. 1854
Holmes, R. Coleridge, Darker Visions. 1998
Hood, D. The Admirals Hood. 1940
Hornsby, C. ed. The Impact of Italy: The Grand Tour and Beyond. 2000
Howard, M. The Causes of Wars. 1983.
Imbruglia, G. ed. Naples in the Eighteenth Century: The Birth and Death of a Nation State. Cambridge, 2000
James, W. The Naval History of Great Britain. 6 vols. 1836
James, Admiral Sir W. The Portsmouth Letters. 1946
– The Durable Monument: Horatio Nelson. 1948
– Old Oak: The Life of John Jervis, Earl St Vincent. 1950
Jupp, P. Lord Grenville, 1759–1834. Oxford, 1985
Kennedy, L. Nelson’s Band of Brothers. 1951
Kennedy, P. M. The Rise and Fall of British Naval Mastery. 1976
Lambert, A. D. The Crimean War: British Grand Strategy against Russia 1853–1856. Manchester, 1990
– The Foundations of Naval History: John Knox Laughton, the Royal Navy and the Historical Profession. 1998
Laughton, J. K. Nelson. 1895
Lavery, B. Nelson’s Navy: The Ships, Men and Organisation, 1793–1815. 1989
– Nelson and the Nile: The Naval War against Bonaparte, 1798. 1998.
Le Donne, J. The Russian Empire and the World 1700–1917: The Geopolitics of Expansion and Containment. Oxford, 1997
LeFevre, P. and Harding R. eds. Precursors of Nelson: British Admirals in the Eighteenth Century. 2000
LeFevre, P. and Harding, R. eds. Contemporaries of Nelson. 2004
Levy, J. The Royal Navy’s Home Fleet in World War II. 2003
Littlewood, K. and Butler, B. Of Ships and Stars: Maritime Heritage and the Founding of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. 1998
Lucas, J. ed. William Blake. 1998
Lukacs, J. The Hitler of History: Hitler’s Biographers on Trial. London, 1997
MacCarthy, F. Byron: Life and Legend. 2002
Mace, R. Trafalgar Square: Emblem of Empire. 1976
Mackay, R. Fisher of Kilverstone. Oxford, 1973
Mackenzie, J. M. Propaganda and Empire: The Manipulation of British Public Opinion, 1880–1960. Manchester, 1986
Mackesy, P. The War in the Mediterranean, 1803–1810. 1957
– Statesmen at War: The Strategy of Overthrow. 1974
– War without Victory: The Downfall of Pitt, 1799–1802. Oxford, 1984
McNairn, A. Behold the Hero: General Wolfe and the Arts in the Eighteenth Century. Liverpool, 1997
Mahan, A. T. The Life of Nelson: The Embodiment of the Sea Power of Great Britain. 1st edn, 1897; 2nd edn, 1899; reduced edn, 1942
Marder, A. J. The Anatomy of British Sea Power: Naval Policy 1880–1905. 1940
– From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow. Vol. I 1904–1914. Oxford, 1961
Martin, T. Life of the Prince Consort. 5 vols. 1875–80
Miles, J. Vindication of Admiral Lord Nelson’s Proceedings in the Bay of Naples. 1843
Minto, Countess of. Life and Letters of Sir Gilbert Elliot, First Earl of Minto from 1751–1806. 3 vols. 1874 Mitchell, L. G. Charles James Fox. Oxford, 1992
Morgan, K. O. Callaghan, A Life. Oxford, 1997
Morriss, R. Cockburn and the British Navy in Transition: Sir George Cockburn 1772–1853. Exeter, 1997
Newsome, D. The Victorian World Picture. 1997
The Norfolk Pillar. Norwich, 1977
Oman, C. Nelson. 1947
Pakenham, T. The Year of Liberty. 1969
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Paret, P. and Moran, D. eds. Carl von Clausewitz: Historical and Political Writings. Princeton, 1992
Parissien, S. George IV: The Grand Entertainment. 2001
Parker, H. Herman Melville: A Biography Volume One 1819–1851. Baltimore, 1996
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Phillimore, A. Life of Sir William Parker, Vol. I. 1876
Pitt, V. Tennyson Laureate. 1962
Pocock, T. Remember Nelson: The Life of Captain Sir William Hoste. 1977
– Young Nelson in the Americas. 1980
– Horatio Nelson. 1987
Prentice, R. A Celebration of the Sea. 1994
Pugh, P. D. Nelson and his Surgeons. 1968
Raine, K. Blake and Tradition. 2 vols. Princeton, 1968
Ralfe, J. Naval Biography. London, 1828
Ramage, N. H. and Ramage, A. Roman Art: Romulus to Constantine. 2nd edn. Cornell, 1995
Ramsden, J. Man of the Century: Winston Churchill and his Legend since 1945. 2002
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Robbins-Landon, H. C. Haydn: The Years of ‘The Creation’, 1796–1800. 1977 Roberts, A. Eminent Churchillians. 1994
Rodger, A. B. The War of the Second Coalition, 1798–1801: A Strategic Commentary. Oxford, 1964
Rodger, N. A. M. The Wooden World: An Anatomy of the Georgian Navy. 1986
– The Insatiable Earl: A life of John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich. 1993
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– Lord Hood and the Defence of Toulon. Cambridge, 1922
Rosenberg, J. D. Carlyle and the Burden of History. Harvard, 1985
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– Nelson and the Hamiltons. 1969
Russett, A. George Chambers, 1803–1840. 2000
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Schama, S. Landscape and Memory. 1995
Schroeder, P. W. The Transformation of European Politics, 1763–1848. Oxford, 1994
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