San Nicolas 1, 2, 3
San Pietro d’ Arena 1
San Pietro island 1
Sandwich, Lord 1
Sandys, Captain 1
Sans Culotte (later L’Orient) 1
Santa Ana 1
Santa Sabina 1
Santissima Trinidad 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Sardinia 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Sardinia, King of 1
Saumarez, Sir James 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
battle of the Nile 1, 2, 3, 4
Savoy 1
Scapa Flow 1
Scheldt River 1
Schomberg, Isaac 1
Scilly Isles 1
Scott, Reverend Alexander 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Scott, John 1, 2, 3, 4
Sea Fencibles 1, 2, 3
Seahorse, HMS 1, 2, 3, 4
Sebastiani, General 1
Second Bonapartist Empire 1
Second Coalition, collapse of 1, 2, 3
Second World War 1
Septinsular Republic see Ionian Islands
Sèrieuse 1, 2
Serocold, Walter 1
Seymour–Conway, Lord Hugh 1, 2
Shakespeare, William 1
Shaw, George Bernard 1
Sheerness 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Shelburne, Lord 1
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley 1
Shirley, Governor 1
Shorncliffe 1
Sicily 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
N removes French èmigrès from 1
defence of 1, 2
butchery of French patients 1
N tries to secure a Sicily-Tunis-Tripoli truce 1
newly raised Sicilian forces 1
N as the Kingdom’s Saviour 1, 2
and secret agreement between Elliot and Acton 1
feeds and supplies Malta 1
protecting 1
Sidmouth, Lord see Addington, Henry
Simcoe, General 1, 2
Sirius 1
Skaw, the 1, 2
Slovenia 1
Smith, Captain Sir William Sidney 1, 2, 3, 4
Smyrna convoy 1
Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge (SPCK) 1
Sound, the 1, 2, 3
Sound Dues 1
Southey, Robert 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Life of Nelson 1, 2, 3, 4
Spain
seeks revenge for Treaty of Paris humiliation xx
enters the war (1796) 1
France dominates 1
conduct of 1
intelligencemissions 1
blockade of 1
Spanish central America 1
Spanish fleet 1
well-built three-deckers 1
lack of manpower 1
in Cadiz 1, 2
defeat of 1
Spartiate 1, 2, 3
Spectator 1
Spedillo, Gaetano 1
Spencer, Earl 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26
Spencer, Earl (in 1904) 1
Spencer, Lady 1
Spithead 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
Stansfield, Clarkson 1
Portsmouth Harbour 1
The Victory Being Towed into Gibraltar 1
Stead, William 1
Stephens, Edward: History of the French Revolution 1
Stewart, Lieutenant Colonel William 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Strachan, Captain Richard 1, 2
Straits of Gibraltar 1, 2, 3
Straits of Messina 1, 2, 3
Stromboli 1
Stuart, General Sir Charles 1
at Corsica 1
resignation of 1
and Messina 1
takes command in the bay of Naples 1
acting on the spirit of instructions 1
Stuart, Don Jacobo 1
Suckling, Captain Maurice (N’s uncle) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Suckling, William (N’s uncle) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Suez crisis 1
Sun 1
Superb 1, 2, 3
Sutton, Captain Samuel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Suvarov, General Alexander 1
Sweden 1, 2, 3
coerced into following a Russian programme 1
alarmed by Russian shift in position 1
prepares for war 1
offered the same terms as the Danes 1
accepts maritime Convention 1
Swiftsure (British) 1
Sydney, Lord 1, 2
Syracuse 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Tagus River 1
Taine, Hippolyte 1
Talleyrand–Perigord, Charles Maurice de 1, 2
Tangier 1
Taranto 1
Tartar, HMS 1
taxation 1, 2
Telamon Bay, Malta 1
Temeraire, HMS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Tenerife 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord: ‘The Fleet’ 1
Tetuan 1, 2
Texel River 1, 2, 3
Thames River 1, 2, 3
Thatcher, Margaret, Baroness 1, 2
Theseus 1, 2, 3, 4
Thesiger, Lieutenant Frederick 1, 2, 3
Third Coalition 1
Thompson, Admiral 1, 2, 3
Thompson, Captain Thomas 1, 2
battle of the Nile 1, 2
Thugut, Chancellor 1, 2
Thunder 1
Tigre 1
Times, The 1, 2
Timoleon 1, 2
Tippoo Sultan 1, 2, 3
Tomlinson, Nicholas 1
Tonnant 1, 2, 3
Totty, Rear Admiral 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Toulon 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
blockade of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
convention signed by Hood 1
Neapolitan troops sent to 1
fall of 1, 2, 3, 4
burning of the French fleet 1
battleships built 1
watch on 1
Toulon squadron 1, 2
Trafalgar, battle of 1, 2
N discusses weapons 1
Bonaparte’s orders for the fleet to sail 1
Trafalgar Memorandum 1, 2, 3, 4
Villeneuve makes the decision to sail 1
N’s last thoughts before the battle 1
casualties 1
N is fatally wounded 1
Villeneuve surrenders 1
centenary 1
Trafalgar Day 1, 2, 3, 4
Trafalgar House 1
Trafalgar Square, London 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Trekroner battery 1, 2, 3, 4
Trieste 1
Tripoli 1
Triumph, HMS 1
Trotter, Fleet Physician Dr 1
Troubridge, Admiral Sir Thomas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
meets N 1
and Jervis 1
and battle of Cape St Vincent 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
and plan to capture treasure galleons 1, 2, 3, 4
commands a division 1
sent ashore at Naples 1
battle of the Nile 1, 2, 3, 4
N’s trust in 1
blockades Toulon and Genoa 1
at the Levant station 1
and Sicily 1
at Naples 1, 2, 3, 4
sent to secure Capua and Gaeta fortresses 1
appointed Commodore 1
sent to operate against Rome and Leghorn 1
he and Louis take Rome 1
seizes Sicilian grain to help Maltese 1
and the Admiralty Board 1
and the Sea Fencibles 1, 2
provides information on Flushing 1
change in relationship with N 1
Tunis 1
Tunis, Dey of 1
Tunisia 1
Turin 1
Turkey 1, 2
N instructed to secure 1
declares war 1
pleased at N’s appointment 1
Turk’s Island, southern Bahamas 1
Turner, J. M. W.
The Battle of Trafalgar, as seen from the M
izzen Starboard Shrouds of the Victory 1, 2
The Victory returning from Trafalgar 1
Tuscany 1, 2, 3
Tuscany, Grand Duke of 1
Ulm, battle of (1805) 1, 2
Unsworth, Barry: Losing Nelson 1, 2
Ushant 1, 2, 3
Vado Bay 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Valetta, Malta 1, 2
fortress 1
French garrison in 1
French ships squadron 1
Grand Harbour 1, 2
siege of 1, 2, 3
Vanguard, HMS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
Vansittart, Nicholas 1, 2, 3
Vauban, Sebastien le Prestre de 1
VE Day 1
Vendome, Marshal 1
Veteran 1
Victoria, Queen 1
Victory, HMS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
described 1
N calls on Hood 1
St Vincent praises 1
prepared for N’s flag 1
N boards her (18 May 1803) 1
reaches the Mediterranean fleet 1
detailed to join Cornwallis 1
N hoists his flag 1
N’s discussion with Collingwood 1
N chats with his men while they prepare for battle 1
casualties 1
absence of his flag at his death 1
and Queen Victoria 1
restoration 1, 2, 3
visited by heads of state 1
Victualling Board 1, 2
Vienna 1, 2
Vigo 1
Ville de Paris 1, 2
Ville France 1
Villeneuve, Rear Admiral Pierre 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
battle of the Nile 1
Trafalgar 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Virgin Islands 1
VJ Day 1
Volage, HMS 1
Voltri 1
Waldegrave, Rear Admiral 1, 2
Walpole, Horatio (N’s godfather) 1
Walpole, Sir Robert (later Lord Orford) 1
Walpole family 1, 2
War Office 1
warships
cross-section 1
lack of technical change in N’s lifetime 1
six rates 1
Washington Treaty 1
Waterloo, battle of 1, 2
Weatherhead, Lieutenant John 1, 2
Weazle (sloop) 1
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
West, Benjamin 1, 2, 3
Apotheosis of Nelson 1, 2
Death of Wolfe 1, 2
Death of Nelson 1, 2, 3
West India Merchant community 1
West Indies
British disposable troops sent to 1
the chase there and back 1
and convoys 1
Dundas fears for 1
and the medal issue 1
priority given to 1
sugar islands 1, 2, 3, 4
Westall, Richard 1, 2
Westcott, Captain 1, 2
Western Approaches 1, 2
Westmacott and Wyatt 1
Westminster Abbey, London 1
Whigs 1, 2
White House, Richmond Park, Surrey 1
Whitworth, Lord 1
Wilkins, William 1, 2
William IV, King (Prince William, then Duke of Clarence) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17
Williams, Helen Maria: Sketches of the State of Manners and Opinions in the French Republic 1
Windham, William 1, 2
Windsor Castle (Linzee’s flagship) 1
Winthuysen, Admiral 1
Wolfe, General James 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Wolsey, Cardinal 1
Woodward, Admiral ‘Sandy’ 1
Woolwich dockyard 1, 2
Worcester, HMS 1
Wordsworth, William: ‘Character of a Happy Warrior’ 1
Wyndham, William 1
Young, Admiral William 1, 2
Zealous 1, 2, 3, 4
Young, Admiral William 1, 2
Zealous 1, 2, 3, 4
Zealous 1, 2, 3, 4
About the Author
Andrew Lambert is Professor of Naval History at King’s College, London. His books include Nelson: Britannia’s God of War, Admirals: The Naval Commanders Who Made Britain Great and Franklin: Tragic Hero of Polar Exploration. His highly successful history of the British Navy, War at Sea, was broadcast on Channel 5.
Copyright
This ebook edition published in 2010
by Faber and Faber Ltd
Bloomsbury House
74–77 Great Russell Street
London WC1B 3DA
All rights reserved
© Andrew Lambert, 2004
The right of Andrew Lambert to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with Section 77 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
This ebook is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorised distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and publisher’s rights, and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly
ISBN 978–0–571–26570–1
1 The first portrait of Nelson, by John Francis Rigaud, begun in 1777 when he was appointed a Lieutenant, but heavily modified after his return to England as a heroic Captain in 1780. The sword was a gift from his mentor, Maurice Suckling – patronage enabled Nelson to reach a high rank early in his career, and this was a talisman he would take with him in every battle, bar Trafalgar.
2 In 1785 Nelson’s lifelong friend Cuthbert Collingwood painted him more as a boy than a man. Collingwood was a decade older than his friend, but as his junior on the Navy List he was condemned forever to follow in his footsteps from their first ship to their final command.
3 Nelson Boarding the San Josef at Cape St Vincent: George Jones added a touch of romance to the drama of the double boarding that made Nelson (with Suckling’s sword in his hand) a household name. No one else had ever taken two enemy ships in such dramatic style, or taken such care to ensure the world heard of his achievement.
4 As his boat approached the beach at Tenerife, Nelson was hit in the right arm, which had to be amputated. Richard Westall’s image of the wounded hero celebrated the quick thinking of Josiah Nisbet, whose tourniquet saved the Admiral’s life. Despite his wound Nelson was careful to keep hold of his uncle’s sword.
5 The Battle of the Nile: Thomas Whitcombe shows the moment the French ships opened fire, as Goliath and Zealous shaped to round the head of their line. The French have been caught at anchor, with the wind blowing down their line: they will be annihilated by the skilful application of overwhelming force.
6 George Arnaud’s The Destruction of L’Orient at the Battle of the Nile: HMS Alexander remains close to the exploding French flagship, as debris is hurled into the night sky. Among the burning wreckage to land on her deck was one of Admiral Bruey’s silver forks.
7 Nelson recreating with his brave tars after the glorious battle of the Nile: Rowlandson exaggerates Nelson’s common touch, and misses the powerful religious element in his response to the triumph. However, such images helped to cement his popular appeal, and establish his central role in the national identity.
8 Nicolas Pocock’s The Battle of Copenhagen, along with the other canvases commissioned for the official life, has become a standard way of viewing Nelson. After twenty years as a merchant ship captain, Pocock was a painstaking and exact painter of ships and coasts.
9 J. M. W. Turner’s The Battle of Trafalgar: one of the most insightful artistic responses to Nelson. Commissioned by George IV, who recognised the magic of Nelson’s life and was desperate to capture it for himself, the picture was ultimately given away by a King who did not under
stand the subject or the artist.
10 The Death of Nelson: Benjamin West’s first attempt, engraved by James Heath, sold very well on publication in 1811. Despite its patent absurdity – having the crew as an audience on the upper deck, in the midst of a battle – it became the defining print.
11 Arthur Devis’s The Death of Nelson: an altogether more impressive image than West’s stylised inaccuracy. It catches the moment when the hero slipped away to join the gods, his earthly span at an end.
12 Nelson’s uniform coat: complete with the hole caused by the fatal bullet on the left shoulder, this remains the most potent relic of his life.
Nelson: Britannia's God of War Page 63