40 AC 4:127; MD to MP, December 10, 1767.
41 AC 3:600; MP to Rev. John Dewes, April 27, 1768.
42 Mary Barber, “A Hymn to Sleep, Written When the Author was Sick,” Poems on Several Occasions (London: C. Rivington, 1734), in Women Writers Online. Women Writers Project, Brown University: http://textbase.wwp.brown.edu/cgi-bin/newphilo/getobject.pl?c.185:3:31.wwo.
43 AC 4:143-44; cited in Lady Llanover’s commentary.
44 AC 4:142-43; Lady Llanover’s commentary.
45 AC 4:143; Lady Llanover’s commentary.
CHAPTER ELEVEN: BLOODROOT
1 AC 3:570-71; MD to AD, October 13, 1759.
2 “In the Garden of Paghat the Ratgirl – Sanguinaria Canadensis: The Flower that Bleeds.” http://www.paghat.com/bloodroot.html.
3 Quoted in Fry, “John Bartram and His Garden,” p. 178.
4 Conversation with Ruth Hayden, June 20, 2008. The other conversations quoted in this chapter occurred at Ruth Hayden’s house in Bath on this date, as well as on June 22 and November 28, 2008, February 21, 2010, and in scattered telephone conversations between 2008 and 2010.
5 Hayden, Mrs. Delany: Her Life and Her Flowers, p. 7.
6 Conversation with Mark Laird, Toronto, July 9, 2008.
7 E-mail correspondence with John Edmondson, April 21, 2010.
8 Bachelard, Poetics of Space, p. 107.
9 AC 4:18; MD to MP, ca. summer 1763.
10 “Chelsea Physic Garden”: http://www.chelseaphysicgarden.co.uk/garden/index.html.
CHAPTER TWELVE: PORTLANDIA
1 John Edmondson, “Novelty in Nomenclature: The Botanical Horizons of Mary Delany,” in Laird and Weisberg-Roberts, Mrs. Delany and Her Circle, p. 193.
2 “Gardino Nursery Corp.: Rare and Unusual Plants” Web site. http://www.rareflora.com/portlandiagran.htm; “Classic Encyclopedia – Based on the 11th Edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (pub. 1911): Rubiaceae”: http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Rubiaceae.
3 AC 4:157; MD to MP, September 2, 1768.
4 AC 1:70; MD to AD, July 14, 1722.
5 AC 2:230; MD to AD, November 30, 1743.
6 University of Nottingham Manuscripts and Special Collections, “Biography of Margaret Cavendish-Bentinck, Duchess of Portland (1715–1785)”: http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/
collectionsindepth/family/portland/biographies/biographyofmargaretcavendish-
bentinck,duchessofportland%281715-1785%29.aspx.
7 AC 3:317; MD to AD, January 1, 1755. Lady Llanover identifies Lord G. as Lord Granville on p. 3:237.
8 AC 4:146; Duchess of Portland to MP, May 1768.
9 AC 4:161; MD to MP, September 6, 1768. The next quotation is also from this letter and is on page 4:162.
10 AC 4:170; MD to MP, October 4, 1768.
11 AC 4:170-71; MD to MP, October 4, 1768. The next quotation is also from this letter and is on 4:172.
12 Marianna is transcribed by Alicia Weisberg-Roberts in Laird and Weisberg-Roberts, Mrs. Delany and Her Circle, pp. 250-61.
13 AC 4:200; MD to Lady Andover, January 19, 1769.
14 AC 4:214; MD to MP, June 7, 1769.
15 AC 4:149-53; MD to MP, August 25, 1768; AC 4:167; MD to MP, September 21, 1768.
16 “The Duchess of Curiosities: Exhibition at the Harley Gallery,” “Nottinghamshire Tourism” Web site: http://www.visitnottingham.com/exec/102918/9068/.
17 Quoted in Jane Wildgoose, Preface to Promiscuous Assemblage, Friendship, and the Order of Things: An Installation by Jane Wildgoose in Celebration of the Friendship Between Mrs. Mary Delany and the Duchess Dowager of Portland (New Haven: Yale Center for British Art, 2009), p. ix.
18 Jean K. Bowden, “Lightfoot, John (1735–1788),” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004): http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/16649; Royal Society, Table of Contents, Philosophical Transactions, January 1, 1786: http://rstl.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/76.toc.
19 AC 3:255; Lady Llanover’s commentary.
20 AC 4:162-63; MD to MP, September 6, 1768. The next quotation is also from this letter and is on 4:163.
21 AC 4:163; MD to MP, September 6, 1768.
22 Deb Williams, “The Writing [Implement] of Jane Austen – The Quill Pen”: http://www.jasa.net.au/quillpen.htm.
23 AC 4:243; described and quoted in Lady Llanover’s commentary. The next quotation is also from Lady Llanover’s commentary, on the same page.
24 AC 4:255; MD to MP, January 15, 1770.
25 AC 4:272; MD to Lady Andover, June 24, 1770.
26 AC 4:285; MD to MP, 1770 (probably mid-July).
27 AC 4:290; MD to MP, July 22, 1770, and Lady Llanover’s commentary.
28 AC 4:318, 319; MD to Lady Andover, December 27, 1770.
29 AC 4:324; MD to MP, January 18, 1771.
30 AC 4:341; MD to Lady Andover, June 3, 1771; 4:353; MD to Lady Andover, June 28, 1771; 4:357; MD to MP, September 5, 1771.
31 AC 4:384, MD to Bernard Granville, December 17, 1771. The next two quotations are also from this letter and are on pages 4:384 and 4:384-85.
32 John Gascoigne, “Banks, Sir Joseph (1743–1820),” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004): http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/1300.
33 John Robson, The Captain Cook Encyclopaedia (London: Chatham, 2004), p. 38.
34 AC 4:372; MD to MP, November 19, 1771.
35 AC 4:416; John Fitzwilliam to MP, February 13, 1772.
36 AC 4:389; Countess Cowper to MP, December 22, 1771.
37 AC 4:407; MD to MP, January 27, 1772. The next quotation is also from this letter and is on page 4:406.
38 AC 4:447; MD to Lady Andover, August 16, 1772.
39 Horace Walpole, Essay on Modern Gardening (1780; rpt. BiblioBazaar, 2008), p. 87.
40 AC 4:454; MD to Rev. John Dewes, September 5, 1772. The next quotation is also on this page.
41 AC 4:469; MD to MP, October 4, 1772. Lady Llanover describes the Duchess of Portland’s first reaction in her commentary on page 5:215.
42 Lady Llanover discusses Mrs. Delany’s technique, including her scissors, in her commentary on AC pages 5:215 and 6:95-98.
43 AC 6:95; quoted in Lady Llanover’s commentary. The poem that follows is also quoted in Lady Llanover’s commentary on the same page.
44 AC 4:418; MD to Lady Andover, November 20, 1772.
45 “Bulstrode – WEC Headquarters,” “WEC International – UK” Web site: http://www.wec-int.org.uk/cms/content/view/175/402/.
46 AC 4:201; MD to Lady Andover, January 19, 1769.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: WINTER CHERRY
1 Mark Laird, “Introduction (2): Mrs. Delany and Compassing the Circle: The Essays Introduced,” in Laird and Weisberg-Roberts, Mrs. Delany and Her Circle, p. 34.
2 AC 5:443; quoted in Lady Llanover’s commentary.
3 AC 5:12; quoted in Lady Llanover’s commentary.
4 AC 5:48; MD to MP, October 28, 1774.
5 AC 5:40; MD to Bernard Granville, October 10, 1774.
6 AC 5:54; MD to Lady Andover, November 3, 1774.
7 Ford, “A Progress in Plants: Mrs. Delany’s Botanical Sources,” in Laird and Weisberg-Roberts, Mrs. Delany and Her Circle, p. 212.
8 AC 5:134; MD to MP, June 11, 1775.
9 Emily Dickinson, Letters of Emily Dickinson, p. 505; Emily Dickinson to Louise and Frances Norcross, ca. April 1873.
10 AC 5:210; MD to MP, April 27, 1776.
11 AC 5:214; MD to MP, April 29, 1776.
12 Ford, “A Progress in Plants,” p. 212.
13 AC 5:189; MD to MP, December 21, 1775.
14 AC 5:224; MD to Lady Andover, June 9, 1776.
15 AC 5:223; MD to MP, June 9, 1776. The following quotation is also from this letter and is on the same page.
16 AC 5:249; MD to MP, August 5, 1776
17 AC 5:251; MD to Lady Andover, August 12, 1776. The other quotations in this and the next paragraph are also from this letter and are on pages 5:250-51.
18 Quoted in Alicia
Weisberg-Roberts, “Introduction (1): Mrs. Delany from Source to Subject,” in Laird and Weisberg-Roberts, Mrs. Delany and Her Circle, p. 10.
19 AC 5:318; MD to MP, August 31, 1777.
20 AC 5:320; MD to MP, September 19, 1777.
21 AC 5:326; MD to MP, October 20, 1777.
22 AC 5:366; MD to MP, July 27, 1778.
23 AC 5:370; MD to MP, undated (August 12 or 13, 1778). The details that follow in this paragraph and the next are also from this letter and are on pp. 5:370-71.
24 AC 5:372; MD to MP, undated (August 12 or 13, 1778). The quotations in the next three paragraphs are also from this letter and are on pages 5:372 and 5:373.
25 Reeder, “The ‘Paper Mosaick’ Practice of Mrs. Delany and Her Circle,” p. 231. The facts on watercolors in this paragraph are from Reeder’s essay.
26 Reeder, “The ‘Paper Mosaick’ Practice,” p. 230.
27 Ford, “A Progress in Plants,” p. 212.
28 AC 5:404; MD to Mrs. John Dewes, January 22, 1778.
29 AC 5:406; Lady Llanover’s commentary.
30 AC 5:407; MD to MP, February 27, 1779. The other quotations in this paragraph are also from this letter and are on pages 5:407-8.
31 AC 5:421; MD to MP, April 17, 1779. The next quotation is also from this letter and is on page 5:422.
32 The information in this paragraph is from Peter Bower, “An Intimate and Intricate Mosaic: Mary Delany and Her Use of Paper,” in Laird and Weisberg-Roberts, Mrs. Delany and Her Circle, p. 237.
33 Bower, “An Intimate and Intricate Mosaic,” p. 238.
34 Bower, “An Intimate and Intricate Mosaic,” pp. 239-40.
35 Bower, “An Intimate and Intricate Mosaic,” p. 242.
36 Bower, “An Intimate and Intricate Mosaic,” p. 243.
37 AC 5:379; MD to MP, August 21, 1778.
38 AC 5:527; MD to MP, May 24, 1780.
39 AC 5:571-72; MD to MP, November 3, 1780.
40 Ford, “A Progress in Plants,” p. 212, citing AC 6:17; MD to MP, May 3, 1781.
41 AC 5:361; quoted in Lady Llanover’s commentary.
42 George Keate, Poetical Works of George Keate, Esq. (1781), quoted in Weisberg-Roberts, “Introduction (1): Mrs. Delany from Source to Subject,” p. 11.
43 AC 6:114; MD to MP, September 29, 1782. The quotation at the end of this paragraph is also from this letter and is on the same page.
44 AC 5:377; MD to MP, August 21, 1778.
45 David Stuart and James Sutherland, Plants From the Past (New York: Viking, 1987), p. 214.
46 Alice M. Coats, Flowers and Their Histories (London: Adam and Charles Black, 1956, 1968), pp. 205-6.
47 Conversation with Ruth Hayden, Bath, November 28, 2008.
48 AC 5:443-44; quoted in Lady Llanover’s commentary.
49 J. Frederick Rankin, Down Cathedral: The Church of Saint Patrick of Down (Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation in association with the Board of Down Cathedral, 1997), Chapters 8 and 9, esp. pp. 91 and 119.
50 Avigdor Arikha, quoted in Stephen Coppel, “The Prints,” in Duncan Thomson and Coppel, Avigdor Arikha: From Life: Drawings and Prints 1965–2005 (London: British Museum Press, 2006), p. 23.
51 Alicia Weisberg-Roberts, introduction to her transcription of Marianna in Laird and Weisberg-Roberts, Mrs. Delany and Her Circle, p. 250.
52 Marianne Moore, The Poems of Marianne Moore, ed. Grace Schulman (New York: Viking, 2003), p. 254.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: LEAVES
1 AC 6:272; quoted in Lady Llanover’s commentary. The Duchess’s words later in this paragraph are also from Lady Llanover’s commentary, on the same page.
2 Quoted in Olwen Hedley, “Mrs. Delany’s Windsor Home,” Berkshire Archæological Journal 59 (1961), p. 51 n. 3.
3 Quoted in Hedley, “Mrs. Delany’s Windsor Home,” p. 51.
4 AC 6:451; MD to Mrs. Frances Hamilton, August 11-13, 1787. The next quotation is also from this letter and is on page 6:450. The first collection of Mrs. Delany’s letters, published more than forty years before Lady Llanover’s six volumes, was the short one-volume Letters from Mrs. Delany (Widow of Doctor Patrick Delany,) to Mrs. Frances Hamilton, From the Year 1779, to the Year 1788 (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown, 1820). The two quotations are on pages 93 and 90 of this book.
5 AC 6:472; Lady Llanover’s commentary. The following quotations in this paragraph are from Lady Llanover’s commentary on the same page.
6 AC 2:504; MD to the Duchess of Portland, February 14, 1749.
7 AC 2:468; MD to AD, June 20, 1747.
8 AC 3:388; Dean Patrick Delany to AD, December 25, 1755. The next two quotations are also from Dean Delany’s description in this letter and are on pages 3:388 and 3:389. The full description is on pages 3:387-93.
9 AC 6:341; Lady Llanover’s commentary.
10 AC 6:417; quoted in Lady Llanover’s commentary.
11 AC 6:480; quoted in Lady Llanover’s commentary. The other quotations in this paragraph are from Lady Llanover’s commentary on the same page.
12 AC 6:480; quoted in Lady Llanover’s commentary.
13 AC 6:481; quoted in Lady Llanover’s commentary. The epitaph is also quoted in Lady Llanover’s commentary, on the same page.
14 Virginia Woolf, A Writer’s Diary: Being Extracts From the Diary of Virginia Woolf, ed. Leonard Woolf (London: Hogarth Press, 1953), p. 102.
Flowers and Faces
A List
All images from the British Museum © The Trustees of the British Museum
col4.1: Portrait of Mary Granville Pendarves (later Delany) in gold box, by Christian Friedrich Zincke, ca. 1740. © The Stuart Collection / Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, London
1.1: Scarlet Geranium and Lobelia cardinalis, Bulstrode, 1773; Collage of colored papers, with body color and watercolor; 11-1/4 × 7-1/4 in. (28.7 × 18.3 cm); British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings (1897,0505.529*) [Vol. 6, p. 29]; Inscribed on label with Latin name; verso inscribed with place and date of composition, “first essay” and “[5 - erased]”
1.2: A silhouette cut by Mrs. Delany in the late 1760s at Longleat, thought to be the children of the third Viscount Weymouth and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of the Duchess of Portland (Margaret Cavendish Bentinck). Courtesy of Longleat Historic Collections
2.1: Silhouette of children, detail
2.2: Cynoglossum omphalodes, Hound’s Tongue [now known as Omphalodes verna], Pentandria monogynia; St. James’s Place, April 1, 1776; collage of colored papers, with body color and watercolor and a leaf sample; 8-3/4 × 7-3/8 in. (22.3 × 18.7 cm); British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings (1897,0505.260) [Vol. 3, p. 59]; Inscribed on label with Latin and common name; verso inscribed with Linnaean classification, place and date of composition: “1[st?] april 1776”
3.1: Cynoglossum omphalades, detail of plant matter (bottom leaf) and painted leaf (top)
3.2: Rosa gallica, Cluster Damask Rose, Bulstrode, July 1780; collage of colored papers, with body color and watercolor; 13-1/4 × 8-7/8 in. (33.5 × 22.6 cm); British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings (1897,0505.739) [Vol. 8, p. 38]; Signed with monogram, and inscribed on label with Latin and common names; verso inscribed with place and date of composition: “July 1780”
4.1: Rosa gallica, detail
4.2: Rosa gallica, detail of leaf
4.3: Parts of a Flower
4.4: Carduus nutans, Musk or Nodding Thistle, Syngenesia polyandria aequalis, Bulstrode, November 26, 1776; collage of colored papers, with body color and watercolor; 12-1/2 × 9-1/8 in. (31.8 × 23.1 cm); British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings (1897,0505.161) [Vol. 2, p. 60]; Signed with monogram in collage and inscribed on label with Latin and common name; verso inscribed with Linnaean classification, place and date of composition: “26 Novr 1776”
5.1: Carduus nutans, detail
5.2: Papaver somniferum, the Opium Poppy, Polyandria monogynia, Bulstrode, October 18, 1776; collage of colored papers, with body color and watercolor; 13-1/2 �
� 9 in. (34.3 × 23.0 cm); British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings (1897,0505.648) [Vol. 7, p. 48]; Signed with monogram in collage and inscribed on label with Latin and common name; verso inscribed with Linnaean classification, place and date of composition: “18 Octr 1776”
6.1: Papaver somniferum, detail
6.2: Lilium canadense, St. James’s Place, August 20, 1779, Prov.: Mr. Lee; collage of colored papers, with body color and watercolor; 13-5/8 × 9 in. (34.5 × 23.0 cm); British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings (1897,0505.514) [Vol. 6, p. 14]; Signed with monogram in collage and inscribed on label with Latin name; verso inscribed with place and date of composition: “20 Augt 1779” and with donor of plant to Mrs. Delany: James Lee
7.1: Lilium canadense, detail
7.2: Passiflora laurifolia, Bay Leaved, Gynandria pentandria, Luton, August 1777, Prov.: Lord Bute; collage of colored papers, with body color and watercolor; 13-7/8 × 9-1/2 in. (35.2 × 24.2 cm); British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings (1897,0505.654) [Vol. 7, p. 54]; Signed with monogram in collage and inscribed on label with Latin and common name; verso inscribed with Linnaean classification, place and date of composition: “Augt 1777” and donor of plant to Mrs. Delany: Lord Bute
8.1: Passiflora laurifolia, detail
8.2: Patrick Delany, attributed to Rupert Barber, ca. 1740. Courtesy of the National Gallery of Ireland. Photo © National Gallery of Ireland
8.3: Magnolia grandiflora, the Grand Magnolia, Polyandria polygynia, Bill Hill, August 26, 1776; collage of colored papers, with body color and watercolor; 13-1/4 × 9-1/4 in. (33.8 × 23.4 cm); British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings (1897,0505.557) [Vol. 6, p. 57]; Signed with monogram in collage and inscribed on label with Latin name; verso inscribed with Linnaean classification and place and date of composition: “[27 - crossed through] 26 Augt 1776”
9.1: Magnolia grandiflora, detail
9.2: Lathyrus latifolius, Broad-leav’d Everlasting Pea, Bulstrode, August 22, 1781; collage of colored papers, with body color and watercolor; 13-1/8 × 9-1/2 in. (33.3 × 24.0 cm); British Museum, Department of Prints and Drawings (1897,0505.501) [Vol. 6, p. 1]; Signed with monogram in collage and inscribed on label with Latin and common names; verso inscribed with place and date of composition: “22 Augt 1781”
The Paper Garden Page 32