10. Letters in the J. O. Young Collection.
11. Magnino, Jim’s Journey, p. 139.
12. Johnson interview, March 26, 2002.
13. Stewart, legal deposition.
14. Murray Kidd interview, April 13, 2002.
15. Holewinski interview, June 28, 2002.
16. Statement of Lee Bong Moon regarding war crimes, August 11, 1948, National Archives.
17. Watanabe Mitsumasa diary, from the James P. S. Devereux Collection in the Special Collections at Boston University.
18. Goicoechea, Memoirs, p. 49.
19. Thomas J. Elliott, “Perpetuation of Testimony,” April 23, 1947, National Archives.
20. Murray Kidd interview, April 13, 2002.
21. Goicoechea, Memoirs, p. 49; Goicoechea interview, April 12, 2002.
22. Read, Reminiscences, pp. 12–13.
23. Devereux, The Story of Wake Island, p. 14.
24. Whitney, Guest of the Fallen Sun, p. 63.
25. Murray Kidd interview, April 13, 2002.
26. Linda Goetz Holmes, Unjust Enrichment: How Japan’s Companies Built Postwar Fortunes Using American POWs (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001), p. 116.
27. Brown, Memoir.
28. Laporte interview, March 14, 2001.
29. Author’s interview with George Rosandick, April 12, 2002.
30. Marvin interview, February 12, 2002.
31. Devereux, The Story of Wake Island, p. 238; Cunningham and Sims, Wake Island Command, pp. 239–240.
32. Johnson interview, April 2, 2002.
33. Sanders, Autobiography of Jacob R. Sanders, p. 10.
34. Hanna interview, February 13, 2002.
35. Laporte interview, March 14, 2001.
36. Cunningham and Sims, Wake Island Command, p. 241.
37. Cunningham and Sims, Wake Island Command, p. 168.
38. Don Caswell, “Devereux, Wake Hero, Is Found,” Washington Daily News, September 13, 1945, p. 1.
39. Young, Reminiscences, p. 14.
40. Martin Gatewood interview, February 28, 2002.
41. Kephart, Wake, War and Waiting…, pp. 80–81.
42. Author’s interview with Ernie Harwell, January 21, 1989.
43. Sgt. Ernie Harwell, “The Wake Story,” Leatherneck, November 15, 1945, pp. 6–7.
CHAPTER 13—“I Was Doing What I Was Trained to Do”
1. Roland Nicholson, “Bethesda Greets Devereux On Homecoming,” Washington Times-Herald, September 30, 1945.
2. Cunningham and Sims, Wake Island Command, pp. 246, 277.
3. Hanna interview, June 20, 2002.
4. Marvin interview, February 14, 2002.
5. Martin Gatewood interview, February 27, 2002.
6. Laporte interview, March 14, 2001.
7. Murray Kidd interview, April 13, 2003.
8. Read, Reminiscences, p. 18.
9. Kinney and McCaffrey, Wake Island Pilot, pp. 162–163.
10. Kephart, Wake, War and Waiting…, p. 78.
11. Martin Gatewood interview, February 28, 2002.
12. Lewis H. Carlson, We Were Each Other’s Prisoners (New York: Basic Books, 1997), p. 225.
13. Hanna interview, February 20, 2002.
14. John Rogge interview, April 11, 2002.
15. Martin Gatewood interview, February 28, 2002.
16. Author’s interview with Lena Kidd, April 13, 2003.
17. Murray Kidd interview, April 13, 2003.
18. Laporte interview, March 14, 2001; Holewinski interview, May 16, 2001.
19. Martin Gatewood interview, February 28, 2002.
20. Laporte interview, March 14, 2001.
21. Grace Gatewood interview, February 28, 2002.
22. Gross interview, March 13, 2001.
23. Kessler, To Wake Island and Beyond, p. 144.
24. Stewart, legal deposition.
25. Goicoechea interview, April 12, 2002.
26. Virginia Rogge interview, April 11, 2002.
27. Marvin interview, February 12, 2002.
28. Holewinski interview, May 16, 2001.
29. Goicoechea interview, April 12, 2002.
30. Letter of John Valov to Colonel Devereux, April 18, 1946, from the James P. S. Devereux Collection in the Special Collections at Boston University.
31. Martin Gatewood interview, February 28, 2002.
32. Gross interview, March 5, 2001.
33. King interview, March 26, 2002.
34. Goicoechea interview, April 12, 2002.
35. Johnson interview, April 2, 2002.
36. Gross interview, March 13, 2001.
37. Hanna interview, June 20, 2002.
38. John Rogge interview, April 10, 2002.
39. Hanna interviews, June 20, 2002; June 21, 2002.
40. Author’s interview with Mark Cruz, October 30, 2002.
Bibliography
PRIMARY SOURCES
AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES
The National Archives is where the researcher will locate most of the official military records. Especially pertinent are the:
Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel, Casualty Branch, Records Relating to POWs in Japanese Camps, Box 6
Records of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, World War II and Operational Reports, Individual Personnel, Boxes 1730, 1723
Records of the Office of the Judge Advocate General (Navy), War Crimes Branch, Correspondence, 1944–1949, Boxes 2, 3, 9
Records of the United States Marine Corps, USMC Geographic Files, Boxes 359, 360
Records of the United States Marine Corps, Marine Garrison Forces Correspondence, Box 2
The most helpful documents were:
Barninger, Major C. A. To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, October 8, 1945.
Barninger, Lt. Col. Clarence A. Official reply to Historical Section questionnaire, February 18, 1947.
Bayler, Maj. Walter L. J. To the Commanding Officer, Marine Aviation Detachment, Marine Aircraft Group 21, “Report on Wake Island, Period of the 7th to 20th December, 1941,” February 18, 1942.
Borth, WO Harold C. To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, October 23, 1945.
Campbell, Francis C. “Perpetuation of Testimony,” October 11, 1946.
Cunningham, Captain W. S. To Commandant of the Marine Corps, “Report of VMF-211 on Wake Island,” November 1, 1945.
Cunningham, Comdr. W. S. To Commandant, 14th Naval District, “Report on Conditions at Wake Island,” December 20, 1941.
Elliott, Thomas J. “Perpetuation of Testimony,” April 23, 1947.
Freuler, Herbert. To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, October 9, 1945.
Godbold, Lt. Col. Bryghte D. To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, October 9, 1945.
Goodman, Capt. W. H., and Mr. Joel D. Thacker. “An interview with 1st Lt. John F. Kinney,” July 23, 1945.
Gordon, Ellis. “Perpetuation of Testimony,” November 19, 1945.
Greeley, 1st Lt. Robert W. To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, October 9, 1945.
Hamas, 2nd Lt. John. To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, October 12, 1945.
Hanna, 1st Lt. Robert M. To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, October 11, 1945.
Heinl, Lt. Col. “Notes on Interview with Lieutenant Colonel John F. Kinney,” March 13, 1947.
Hevenor, H. P. Letter to Colonel Clark, December 20, 1941.
Keene, Capt. Campbell. To the Secretary of the Navy, “Activities of Task Group 9.2 at Wake Island, November 29–December 23, 1941,” December 20, 1945.
Kessler, Capt. Woodrow M. To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, October 11, 1945.
Ketner, WO Bernard O. Legal deposition, February 24, 1948.
Kinney, 1st Lieutenant John F. To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, October 12, 1945.
Kliewer, 1st Lt. David D. To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, October 23, 1945.
Lewis, Maj. William W.
To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, October 9, 1945.
Lewis, Lt. Col. William W. Official reply to Historical Section questionnaire, February 28, 1947.
McAlister, 1st Lt. John A. “Perpetuation of Testimony,” September 11, 1945.
McAlister, 1st Lt. John A. To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, October 12, 1945.
McAlister, Lt. Col. John A. Official reply to Historical Section questionnaire, June 18, 1947.
McKinstry, MGUN Clarence B. To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, undated [1945].
Platt, Lt. Col. Wesley M. To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, undated [1945].
Platt, Lt. Col. Wesley M. Official reply to Historical Section questionnaire, March 10, 1947.
Potter, Col. George H. To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, October 13, 1945.
Potter, Col. George H. To the Director, Division of Public Information, “Defense of Wake,” March 27, 1947.
Potter, Lt. Col. George H. Legal deposition, May 5, 1947.
Putnam, Lt. Col. Paul A. To Secretary of the Navy, “Recommendation for the Navy Cross, case of Second Lieutenant Robert Melton Hanna,” October 25, 1945.
Putnam, Lt. Col. Paul A. To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, October 9, 1945.
Putnam, Lt. Col. Paul A. To Commandant of the Marine Corps, “Report of VMF-211 on Wake Island,” October 18, 1945.
Putnam, Lt. Col. Paul A. “Prisoner of War Report,” October 17, 1945.
Stewart, MTSgt Jesse L. Legal deposition, January 24, 1947.
Tharin, Maj. Frank C. To Lt. Col. James P. S. Devereux, informal report, October 16, 1945.
What, Wong Sen. “Perpetuation of Testimony,” January 18, 1947.
THE MARINE HISTORICAL CENTER
The Marine Historical Center in Washington, D.C., holds the personnel files of most Marines, as well as official papers and interviews with prominent individuals. The facility is indispensable for any serious research on World War II.
Bayler, Maj. Walter L. J. To the Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet, “Report on Wake Island, Period of the 7th to 20th December, 1941,” January 7, 1942.
Devereux, Brig. Gen. James P. S. Personnel files.
Devereux, Col. James P. S. Historical Section interview, February 12, 1945.
Devereux, Col. James P. S. To Commandant of the Marine Corps, “Discrepancies in a Report on the Defense of Wake Island,” November 19, 1947.
Elrod, Maj. Henry T. Personnel files.
Hamas, John. Letter to Commandant of the Marine Corps, October 11, 1946.
McAlister, Colonel John A. Personnel files.
Poindexter, Lt. Col. Arthur A. “An Informal Report of the Operations of the Machine Gun Battery and the Mobile Reserve During the Defense of Wake, December 1941,” March 25, 1947.
Poindexter, 2nd Lt. Arthur A. Personnel files.
Putnam, Major Paul A. Personnel files.
Putnam, Major Paul A. To the Commanding Officer, Marine Aircraft Group 21, “Report of Operations, December 4–20, 1941,” December 20, 1941.
MARINE CORPS RESEARCH CENTER
This beautiful facility on the grounds of the Marine base at Quantico, Virginia, holds the personal papers of thousands of Marines. The names of the collections used for this book are:
William F. Delaney
Lester A. Dessez
Henry T. Elrod
Neal Hanley
John R. Himelrick
W. H. Kerr
Dan King
John F. Kinney
Frederick A. Knight
Edgar N. Langley
William P. McCahill
Frances M. McKinstry
Robert Murphy
John E. Pearsall
Arthur A. Poindexter
George H. Potter
William Rossiter
Vilmer W. Skavdahl
John G. Workman
BOSTON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
This library contains two key collections, the papers of Brig. Gen. James P. S. Devereux and of RADM Winfield S. Cunningham. Among the items in these collections were the Dan Teters Affidavit, dated November 24, 1945, and a moving letter from John Valov to General Devereux, dated April 18, 1946.
PERSONAL PAPERS
Fortunately, numerous Marines and civilians made their personal recollections, memorabilia, and photographs available to me. I obtained many fascinating pieces of information from these remarkable collections.
Martin Gatewood Collection
Joseph Goicoechea Collection
Robert M. Hanna Collection
Ralph Holewinski Collection
Kenneth L. Marvin Collection
Forrest Read Collection
John Rogge Collection
Jacob R. Sanders Collection
J. O. Young Collection
PERSONAL RECOLLECTIONS, DIARIES
Brown, Robert M. Memoir, www.azcentral.com/news/specials/veterans/brown.html.
Goicoechea, Joseph. Memoirs, June 14, 2001.
Gordon, Ellis. Radio interview, October 8, 1945.
Himelrick, John R. Diary, in the John R. Himelrick Collection, Marine Corps Research Center, Quantico, Virginia.
Katsumi, Seishi. Diary, in the Lester A. Dessez Collection, Marine Corps Research Center, Quantico, Virginia.
Kinney, John F. Diary, in the John F. Kinney Collection, Marine Corps Research Center, Quantico, Virginia.
Kliewer, David D. Personal Diary of First Lieutenant David D. Kliewer, National Archives.
Knight, Frederick A. Diary, in the Frederick A. Knight Collection, Marine Corps Research Center, Quantico, Virginia.
Ozeki, Dr. Shigeyoshi. “Wake Island in Sight,” interview with Dan King, in the Dan King Collection, Marine Corps Research Center, Quantico, Virginia.
Ozeki, Dr. Shigeyoshi. Reminiscence in Gregory J. W. Urwin Web site, astro.temple.edu/~gurwin/ffoozeki.htm.
Pearsall, John E. Diary, in the John E. Pearsall Collection, Marine Corps Research Center, Quantico, Virginia.
Potter, George H. Recipes, in the George H. Potter Collection, Marine Corps Research Center, Quantico, Virginia.
Read, Forrest. Reminiscences, in the Forrest Read Collection, privately published, undated.
Richardson, Bernard E. “Wake Island: End of Combat,” in Gregory J. W. Urwin Web site, astro.temple.edu/~gurwin/ffoozeki.htm
Sanders, Jacob R. Autobiography of Jacob R. Sanders, as Told to and Written by his Daughter, Cathy M. Sanders, undated, in the Jacob R. Sanders Collection.
Young, J. O. Reminiscences, undated, in the J. O. Young Collection.
INTERVIEWS
All interviews conducted by me, whether in person or by telephone, were tape recorded with permission. I cannot thank these individuals enough for sharing their time and information with me.
Marines
BUCKIE, WILLIAM B. Telephone interview on November 20, 2002.
BUEHLER, WILLIAM F. Telephone interview on November 30, 2002.
BYER, LAWRENCE. Personal interview on March 14, 2002.
DANA, MAX J. Telephone interview on November 25, 2002.
GATEWOOD, GRACE, wife of Martin Gatewood. Telephone interview on February 28, 2002.
GATEWOOD, MARTIN. Telephone interviews on February 13, 2002; February 20, 2002; February 27, 2002; February 28, 2002.
GROSS, FRANKLIN. Telephone interviews on March 5, 2001; March 13, 2001; March 29, 2002.
HANNA, ROBERT M. Telephone interviews on February 6, 2002; February 13, 2002; February 20, 2002; July 30, 2002. Personal interviews on June 20, 2002; June 21, 2002.
HARTUNG, ARVEL. Telephone interview on December 10, 2002.
HARWELL, ERNIE. Personal interview on January 21, 1989.
HASSIG, EDWIN F. Telephone interview on November 18, 2002.
HOLEWINSKI, RALPH. Telephone interview on May 16, 2001. Personal interview on June 28, 2002.
JOHNSON, JOHN S. Telephone interviews on March 19, 2002; March 26, 2002; April 2, 2002.
; KING, JAMES O. Telephone interviews on March 21, 2002; March 26, 2002.
KINNEY, GEN. JOHN F. Telephone interview on October 30, 2002.
LAPORTE, EWING. Telephone interviews on March 13, 2001; March 14, 2001.
MARVIN, KENNETH. Telephone interviews on February 5, 2002; February 12, 2002; February 14, 2002.
SCHNEIDER, LEROY. Personal interview on September 17, 1989.
Navy
BALHORN, MARVIN. Telephone interview on March 18, 2002.
CHAMBLESS, ORBAN R., Tangier crew member. Telephone interview on April 8, 1992.
FRIETAS, HENRY, Tangier crew member. Telephone interview on April 8, 1992.
FRUIN, RICHARD, Tangier crew member. Telephone interview on April 25, 1992.
GERBERDING, OLIVER. Telephone interview on November 18, 2002.
LARSON, WESLEY, Tangier crew member. Telephone interview on April 15, 1992.
PLATE, WILLIAM O. Telephone interview on October 28, 2002.
UNGER, JOHN. Telephone interview on October 29, 2002.
WILKINSON, C. A., Jr., Tangier crew member. Telephone interviews on April 7, 1992; April 20, 1992.
Civilians
COMSTOCK, BENJAMIN F., Jr. Telephone interview on November 20, 2002.
GOICOECHEA, JOSEPH. Telephone interviews on February 26, 2002; March 5, 2002. Personal interviews on April 10, 2002; April 12, 2002.
KIDD, LENA, wife of Murray Kidd. Personal interview on April 13, 2002.
KIDD, MURRAY. Personal interview on April 13, 2002.
ROGGE, JOHN. Telephone interview on March 19, 2002. Personal interviews on April 10, 2002; April 11, 2002; April 12, 2002.
ROGGE, VIRGINIA, wife of John Rogge. Personal interview on April 11, 2002.
ROSANDICK, GEORGE. Personal interview on April 12, 2002.
YOUNG, J. O. Telephone interviews on June 11, 2002, June 18, 2002.
YOUNG, PEARL ANN, wife of J. O. Young. Telephone interview on June 11, 2002.
Others
CRUZ, MARK, former Marine. Personal interview on October 30, 2002.
FARRELL, NANCY, Wake Island researcher. Telephone interview on March 6, 2001.
O’CONNOR, COMDR. MICHAEL P., USN. Personal interview on March 22, 1997.
SANDERS, CATHY, daughter of Pfc. Jacob R. Sanders. Telephone interviews on February 20, 2002; March 12, 2002.
NEWSPAPERS
The Atlanta Constitution
Pacific Alamo Page 40