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Enlightenment: Britain and the Creation of the Modern World

Page 101

by Roy Porter

Hugh West, ‘The Limits of Enlightenment Anthropology: Georg Forster and the Tahitians’, History of European Ideas, xx (1989), 147–60

  Richard S. Westfall, Science and Religion in Seventeenth-century England (Garden City, New York: Doubleday Anchor, 1970)

  ———, Never at Rest: A Biography of Isaac Newton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980)

  Roxann Wheeler, ‘The Complexion of Desire: Racial Ideology and Mid-Eighteenth-century British novels’, Eighteenth-century Studies, xxxii (1999), 309–32

  Frederick G. Whelan, ‘Population and Ideology in the Enlightenment’, History of Political Thought, vii (1991), 35–72

  H. Whitbread (ed.), I Know My Own Heart: The Diaries of Anne Lister (1740–1840) (London: Virago, 1987)

  Gilbert White, The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne, Richard Mabey (ed.)(Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1977 [1789])

  R. J. White, Political Thought of Samuel Taylor Coleridge (London: Jonathan Cape, 1938)

  ——— (ed.), Political Tracts of Wordsworth, Coleridge and Shelley (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1953)

  Lois Whitney, Primitivism and the Idea of Progress, English Popular Literature in the Eighteenth Century (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1934)

  A. Whyte, Characters and Characteristics of William Law: Nonjuror and Mystic (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1898)

  Robert Isaac Wilberforce and Samuel Wilberforce, The Life of William Wilberforce, 5 vols. (London: Murray, 1838)

  William Wilberforce, A Practical View of the Prevailing Religious System of Professed Christians in the Higher and Middle Classes in This Country Contrasted with Real Christianity (London: Cadell and Davies, 1797)

  ———, The Correspondence of William Wilberforce, R. I. and S. Wilberforce (eds.), 2 vols. (London: Murray, 1840)

  C. B. Wilde, ‘Hutchinsonians, Natural Philosophy and Religious Controversy in Eighteenth-century Britain’, History of Science, xviii (1980), 1–24

  ———, ‘Matter and Spirit as Natural Symbols in Eighteenth-century British Natural Philosophy’, British Journal for the History of Science, xv (1982), 99–131

  R. McKeen Wiles, Freshest Advices: Early Provincial Newspapers in England (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1965)

  ———, ‘The Relish for Reading in Provincial England Two Centuries Ago’, in Paul J. Korshin (ed.), The Widening Circle: Essays on the Circulation of Literature in Eighteenth-century Europe (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1976), 85–115

  ——, Serial Publication in England before 1750 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1957)

  John Wilkes, An Essay on Woman (London: André Deutsch, 1972 [1763])

  Basil Willey, The Eighteenth Century Background: Studies on the Idea of Nature in the Thought of the Period (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1962)

  Carolyn Williams, ‘The Genteel Art of Resuscitation’, Transactions of the International Congress of Enlightenment, viii (1982), 1887–90

  Clare Williams (ed. and trans.), Sophie in London, 1786, Being the Diary of Sophie v. La Roche (London: Jonathan Cape, 1933)

  David Williams, Lectures On Education (London: Bell, 1789)

  [———], Incidents in My Own Life Which Have been Thought of Some Importance, Peter France (ed.) (Brighton: University of Sussex Library, 1980 [1802])

  David Williams (ed.), The Enlightenment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999)

  Ernest Neville Williams, The Eighteenth Century Constitution, 1688–1815 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960)

  Gwyn Williams, Madoc: The Making of a Myth (London: Eyre Methuen, 1979)

  ———, ‘Romanticism In Wales’, in Roy Porter and Mikulás Teich (eds.), Romanticism in National Context (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 1–8

  Raymond Williams, The Country and the City (London: Chatto & Windus, 1973)

  ———, Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society (London: Fontana Press, 1988)

  G. Williamson, ‘Mutability, Decay and Seventeenth-century Melancholy’, in Seventeenth-century Contexts (London: Faber, 1961), 73–101

  Tom Williamson, Polite Landscapes: Gardens and Society in Eighteenth-century England (Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 1996)

  Adrian Wilson, The Making of Man-Midwifery (London: University College Press, 1995)

  Arthur M. Wilson, ‘The Enlightenment Came First to England’, in Stephen B. Baxter (ed.), England's Rise to Greatness, 1660–1763 (Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1983), 1–28

  A. N. Wilson, God's Funeral (London: John Murray, 1999)

  Kathleen Wilson, The Sense of the People: Politics, Culture and Imperialism in England, 1715–1785 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995)

  John Wiltshire, Samuel Johnson in the Medical World: The Doctor and the Patient (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991)

  W. K. Wimsatt, Philosophic Words: A Study of Style and Meaning in the Rambler and Dictionary of Samuel Johnson (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1948)

  ———, Samuel Johnson on Shakespeare (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1960)

  William Wimsatt Jr and Frederick A. Pottle, Boswell for the Defence 1769–1774 (London: Heinemann, 1960)

  Donald Winch, Adam Smith's Politics: An Essay in Historiographic Revision (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978)

  ———, Malthus (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987)

  ———, Riches and Poverty: An Intellectual History of Political Economy in Britain, 1750–1834 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996)

  James Anderson Winn, John Dryden and his World (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1987)

  Robert Wokler, ‘Apes and Races in the Scottish Enlightenment: Monboddo and Kames on the Nature of Man’, in Peter Jones (ed.), Philosophy and Science in the Scottish Enlightenment (Edinburgh: John Donald, 1988), 152–56

  ———, ‘From l'homme physique to l'homme moral and Back: Towards a History of Enlightenment Anthropology’, History of the Human Sciences, vi (1993), 121–38

  ———, ‘Anthropology and Conjectural History in the Enlightenment’, in Christopher Fox, Roy S. Porter and Robert Wokler (eds.), Inventing Human Science: Eighteenth-century Domains (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1995), 31–52

  ———, ‘The Enlightenment Project and its Critics’, in S. E. Liedman (ed.), The Postmodernist Critique of the Project of Enlightenment, Poznan Studies in the Philosophy of the Sciences and the Humanities, lviii (1997), 13–30

  Larry Wolff, ‘When I Imagine a Child: The Idea of Childhood and the Philosophy of Memory in the Enlightenment’, Eighteenth Century Studies, xxxi (1998), 377–401

  William Wollaston, The Religion of Nature Delineated (London: Palmer, 1724)

  Mary Wollstonecraft, Thoughts on the Education of Daughters, Janet Todd (ed.) (Bristol: Thoemmes, 1995 [London: sn, 1787])

  ———, Mary: A Fiction (London: Johnson, 1788)

  ———, Letters, Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, Carol H. Poston (ed.) (Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press, 1976 [1796])

  ———, Maria or The Wrongs of Woman, Anne Mellor (ed.) (New York: Norton, 1994 [1798])

  ———, A Vindication of the Rights of Men with A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, Sylvana Tomaselli (ed.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995 [1790 and 1792])

  Marcus Wood, Radical Satire and Print Culture 1790–1822 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994)

  Paul B. Wood, The Aberdeen Enlightenment: The Arts Curriculum in the Eighteenth Century(Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1993)

  ———, ‘Methodology and Apologetics: Thomas Sprat's History of the Royal Society', British Journal for the History of Science, xiii (1980), 1–26

  ———, ‘The Natural History of Man in the Scottish Enlightenment’, History of Science, xxviii (1990), 89–123

  Samuel Wood, Strictures on the Gout (London: J. Bell and J. Sewel, 1775)

  Martha Woodmansee, ‘The Genius
and the Copyright: Economic and Legal Conditions of the Emergence of the “Author” ’, Eighteenth Century Studies, xvii (1984), 417–32

  J. Woodward, To Do the Sick No Harm: A Study of the British Voluntary Hospital System to 1875 (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1974)

  John Woodward, An Essay towards a Natural History of the Earth (London: R. Wilkin, 1695)

  Thomas Woolston, Six Discourses on the Miracles of Our Saviour and Defences of His Discourses (New York: Garland, 1979 [1727–30])

  J. Wordsworth, M. H. Abrams and S. Gill (eds.), William Wordsworth, the Prelude 1799, 1805, 1850 (London: W. W. Norton, 1979)

  William Wordsworth, The Prelude. Or, Growth of a Poet's Mind (Text of 1805), Ernest de Selincourt and Stephen Gill (eds.) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970)

  ———, The Prose Works of William Wordsworth, W.J. B. Owen and Jane Worthington Smyser (eds.), 3 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974)

  Donald Worster, Nature's Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985)

  ———, The Wealth of Nature. Environmental History and the Ecological Imagination (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993)

  William Worthington, An Essay on the Scheme and Conduct, Procedure and Extent of Man's Redemption (London, sn, 1743)

  John P. Wright, ‘Association, Madness, and the Measures of Probability in Locke and Hume’, in Christopher Fox (ed.), Psychology and Literature in the Eighteenth Century (New York: AMS Press, 1987), 103–27

  Ian Wylie, Young Coleridge and the Philosophers of Nature (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989)

  Deborah Baker Wyrick, Jonathan Swift and the Vested Word (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1988)

  E. Yeo (ed.), Mary Wollstonecraft and 200 Years of Feminism (London: Rivers Oram Press, 1997)

  Richard Yeo, ‘Genius, Method and Mortality: Images of Newton in Britain, 1760–1860’, Science in Context, ii (1988), 257–84

  —, Encyclopaedic Visions: Scientific Dictionaries and Enlightenment Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming) John W. Yolton, John Locke and the Way of Ideas (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1956)

  ———, Thinking Matter: Materialism in Eighteenth-century Britain (Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota Press, 1983)

  ———, Perceptual Acquaintance from Descartes to Reid (Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota Press, 1984)

  ——, Locke: An Introduction (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1985)

  ———, ‘Schoolmen, Logic and Philosophy’, in L. S. Sutherland and L. G. Mitchell (eds.), The History of the University of Oxford, vol. v: The Eighteenth Century (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986), 565–91

  ———, Locke and French Materialism (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991)

  Arthur Young, The Farmer's Letters to the People of England (London: W. Nicoll, 1767)

  ———, A Six Weeks’ Tour through the Southern Counties of England and Wales (London: W. Nicoll, 1768)

  ——, A Six Months' Tour Through the North of England, 4 vols., 2nd edn (London: W. Strahan, 1771)

  ———, The Farmer's Tour through the East of England, 3 vols. (London: Strahan and Nicoll, 1771)

  ———, An Enquiry into the State of the Public Mind (London: Richardson, 1798)

  ———, Annals of Agriculture and Other Useful Arts, 46 vols. (London: Arthur Young, 1784–1815)

  ———, View of the Agriculture of Oxfordshire (London: R. Phillips, 1809)

  B. W. Young, ‘ “The Soul-sleeping System”: Politics and Heresy in Eighteenth-century England’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History, xlv (1994), 64–81

  ———, Religion and Enlightenment In Eighteenth-century England: Theological Debate From Locke to Burke (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998)

  Edward Young, Conjectures on Original Composition (London: Millar and Dodsley, 1759)

  ———, Night Thoughts on Life, Death and Immortality (London: Toplis and Bunney, 1780)

  ———, The Merchant (Dublin: Risk, 1730)

  R. M. Young, ‘David Hartley’, in Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vi (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1972), 138–40

  R. M. Young, ‘Association of Ideas’, in P. P. Wiener (ed.), Dictionary of the History of Ideas (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1973), 111–18

  WORKS OF REFERENCE

  Jeremy Black and Roy Porter (eds.), The Basil Blackwell Dictionary of World Eighteenth-century History (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1994)

  Philip P. Wiener (ed.), Dictionary of the History of Ideas (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1973)

  John W. Yolton (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to the Enlightenment (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991)

  John Yolton, John Valdimir Price and John Stephens (eds.), The Dictionary of Eighteenth-century Philosophers, 2 vols. (Bristol: Thoemmes Press, 1999)

  INDEX

  Aberdeen 242 see also Scotland

  Académie Royale des Sciences (Paris) 135

  accountability 167, 219 see also morality/morals

  Act of Settlement (1701) xvi

  Act of Toleration (1689) 31–2, 107

  Act of Toleration (1813) 107

  Act of Uniformity (1662) 25

  Act of Union (1707) xvi-xvii, 34, 242, 243

  Act of Union (1801) xvi-xvii

  actuarial statistics 207, 208

  Adam, Robert 243

  Addison, Joseph 4, 8, 35, 36, 40, 69, 79, 93, 105, 277, 298, 311

  on ballads 365

  on gardens 311–12

  on the imagination 279

  influence/importance 88, 201, 203–4, 265, 482

  on morals/morality 194–7, 198

  as MP 276

  ‘Pleasures of the Imagination’ 69

  on trade 384

  on witchcraft 220–21, 222

  on women's rights 331–2 see also The Spectator, Steele, Richard

  adult education 353–8, 361, 363

  the aesthetic 163–5, 194–7, 215, 226–7, 261–2, 279, 281, 283, 313–14

  chinoiserie, vogue for 358

  industrialization as threat to 316–18

  possessors of 369 see also human nature

  Africa 148, 354, 359

  African Society 148

  agricultural improvement 306–9, 317–18, 428–9, 430, 451

  agricultural societies 307, 308

  agriculture 147, 148, 267, 297, 301, 306–11

  enclosure 306, 309–10, 317, 318, 366, 386–7, 451, 459

  science and 307–8

  as stewardship 306, 317–18 see also rural life

  Aikenhead, Thomas 244

  Aikin, John 154–5, 352, 398

  Letters from a Father… 425

  Aikin, Lucy:

  Poetry for Children 352

  Akenside, Mark 279

  The Pleasures of Imagination 303, 304

  alcohol see drunkenness

  d'Alembert, Jean le Rond 8, 10, 57

  Encyclopédie 57, 92, 246

  Alexander, William:

  History of Women 321

  Algarotti, Francesco 134

  Newtonianismo… (Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy…) 134

  Alison, Sir Archibald 164–5

  almanacs 151 see also printing/books

  Almon, John 192

  America xviii, 1

  attitudes to 402–3

  Declaration of Independence (1776) 402

  discovery of 52, 240

  emigration to 240

  Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina xx-xxi

  Thirteen Colonies 239, 240

  trade with 386

  American Revolution 9, 148, 188, 240, 402, 432, 448, 458

  Analytical Review 81, 335

  anarchism 455–9

  Anderson, Perry 12, 481

  Andrews, Robert and Frances 310

  Anglican Church 5, 25, 99, 185, 404–5 see also religion

  animals 348–51

  Anne, Queen of Gt Britain and Ireland 28, 152

  anthropology 355–6

  A
ntigallicans 37

  Anti–Jacobin Review 74, 293, 423, 465–6

  antiquarianism 230, 231, 267

  Arbuthnot, John 345

  archaeological excavations 72

  Archenholz, Johan Wilhelm von 18, 44, 191, 324

  architecture 34, 44, 215

  Arden, James 143

  Argand, Louis 44

  Arianism 104, 109–10

  definition 102, 109

  Isaac Newton and 133, 137

  Arkwright, Sir Richard 316, 431

 

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