by Linda Porter
— EARLY LIFE AND MARRIAGES
birth, ref 1
childhood and upbringing, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
at court, ref 1, ref 2
courtship and early relationship with Thomas Seymour, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
and death of first husband (Borough), ref 1
and death of second husband (Latimer), ref 1
and downfall of Cromwell, ref 1
education and studies, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
held hostage at Snape Castle by northern rebels, ref 1
life at Snape Castle, ref 1
marriage to Edward Borough, ref 1, ref 2
marriage to Latimer, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
moves to Stowe Manor, ref 1
and Pilgrimage of Grace, ref 1
proposal of marriage by king and decision to accept, ref 1, ref 2
mother’s quest for husband, ref 1
relationship with stepchildren, ref 1, ref 2
residence at Sizergh Castle after death of first husband, ref 1
upbringing, ref 1
— QUEEN OF ENGLAND
approach to role, ref 1, ref 2
attitude towards property, ref 1
attributes, ref 1, ref 2
childlessness issue, ref 1
diplomacy and occasions of state, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
dismissal of Lady Wriothesley’s grief over death of son, ref 1, ref 2
and Duke of Najera visit, ref 1
and Edward’s education, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
and embroidery, ref 1
Hampton Court apartments, ref 1
hopes for a German alliance, ref 1
household composition, ref 1
image-building, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
jewellery given to by king, ref 1
Latin studies, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
marriage to and relationship with Henry, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11
and music, ref 1, ref 2
patronage of the arts, ref 1
physical relationship with Henry, ref 1
plot against (1546), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
portraits of, ref 1
regency of during Henry’s absence in France (1544), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9
relationship with Edward, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
relationship with Elizabeth, ref 1, ref 2
relationship with Mary, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
response to marriage at home and abroad, ref 1
reunion with Henry on return from France, ref 1
and Scotland, ref 1
separation from Henry in his final days, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
spare time activities, ref 1
tensions between Henry and, ref 1
wealth and lands, ref 1
wedding ceremony, ref 1
writing of prayer for men entering battle against France, ref 1
— DOWAGER QUEEN
deathbed denunciation of Seymour, ref 1, ref 2
dislike of Anne Seymour, ref 1
dispute with Somerset over lands and jewels, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
and Elizabeth’s upbringing and education, ref 1
exclusion from power and upbringing of Edward, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
and Henry’s funeral and will, ref 1, ref 2
lack of support for political ambitions, ref 1
marriage to and relationship with Seymour, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
pregnancy and birth of daughter, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
relationship with Edward, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
relationship with Elizabeth, ref 1, ref 2
relationship with Mary, ref 1
renewal of courtship with Seymour and love-letters between, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
and Seymour’s relationship with Elizabeth, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
struggle for power, ref 1, ref 2
suffers puerperal fever after birth, ref 1, ref 2
upbringing and education of Jane Grey, ref 1, ref 2
— PERSONAL LIFE
ancestry and family background, ref 1
appearance, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
book collection, ref 1
Parr, Katherine.
burial and remains, ref 1, ref 2
character and attributes, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
crimson as favourite colour, ref 1
death, ref 1
and death of mother, ref 1
and death of stepdaughter, ref 1, ref 2
devotion to family, ref 1
interests and pastimes, ref 1, ref 2
and languages, ref 1, ref 2
love of fashion and jewels, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
not paying bills promptly, ref 1
portrait, ref 1
relationship with brother, ref 1
relationship with stepdaughter (Margaret), ref 1
view of death, ref 1
will, ref 1
— RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND WRITINGS, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
commitment to promoting English as language of worship, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
development of, ref 1, ref 2
influence of Cranmer, ref 1, ref 2
influences and aims, ref 1
Lamentation of a Sinner, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
Prayers Stirring the Mind unto Heavenly Meditations, ref 1, ref 2
and Psalms or Prayers translation, ref 1
reading of Great Bible, ref 1
response to by Henry, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
translation of Paraphrases upon the New Testament, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Parr, Mary (née Salisbury) (wife of William Parr of Horton), ref 1
Parr, Maud (née Green) (mother), ref 1, ref 2
attributes, ref 1, ref 2
birth of children, ref 1
death, ref 1
education, ref 1
education and upbringing of children, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
family background, ref 1
and husband’s death and will, ref 1
as lady-in-waiting to Katherine of Aragon, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
marriage, ref 1, ref 2
quest for husband for Katherine, ref 1
and son’s marriage, ref 1, ref 2
and widowhood, ref 1, ref 2
will, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Parr, Sir Thomas, ref 1
Parr, William (brother), ref 1
Parr, Thomas (father), ref 1, ref 2
burial, ref 1
death and will, ref 1
early years and education, ref 1
estates, ref 1
and Henry VIII, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
marriage, ref 1, ref 2
Parr, Thomas (son of Sir Thomas), ref 1, ref 2
Parr, Sir William (grandfather), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Parr, William (brother), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
abandonment of KP’s ambitions after king’s death, ref 1
and Anne Askew, ref 1
birth, ref 1
at court, ref 1, ref 2
created Earl of Essex by king, ref 1, ref 2
and Elizabeth’s reign, ref 1
failure of marriage, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
falling out with Somerset, ref 1
favours from the king in anticipation of marriage to KP, ref 1
joins Duke of Richmond’s household, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
loses earldom to Cromwell, ref 1, ref 2
as marquess of Northampton, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
peerage, ref 1
relationship with KP, ref 1
remarriage to Elisabeth Brooke, ref 1
and war with France, ref 1
Parr of Horton, Sir William (uncle), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11, ref 12
Parry, Thomas, ref 1, r
ef 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Pembroke, Earl, of, ref 1
Percy family, ref 1
Petre, Sir William, ref 1, ref 2
Philip of Bavaria, Duke, ref 1
Pilgrimage of Grace (1536), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
arms against king dilemma, ref 1
and Aske see Aske, Robert and Bigod, ref 1
capture of Pontefract Castle by rebels, ref 1
common aspects of, ref 1
execution of rebel leaders, ref 1
Henry VIII’s response to, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
and Latimer, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9
meeting between Norfolk and rebels on Doncaster Bridge, ref 1
negotiations with rebels and agreement to disband, ref 1
and ‘Oath of the Honourable Men’, ref 1
origins and stirrings of rebellion, ref 1
Pontefract meeting and articles drawn up, ref 1, ref 2
royal pardon given to rebels, ref 1
spread of rebellion, ref 1
plague, ref 1, ref 2
Plato, ref 1
Pole, Reginald, ref 1
Pontefract articles, ref 1, ref 2
Pontefract Castle, ref 1, ref 2
Prayers Stirring the Mind unto Heavenly Meditations (KP), ref 1, ref 2
Privy Chamber, ref 1, ref 2
Privy Council, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Protestantism, ref 1
Psalms or Prayers, ref 1
Rawlinson, Walter, ref 1
Reformation, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Reformation Parliament, ref 1
reformers, campaign against, ref 1
regency council (1544), ref 1, ref 2
Rich, Sir Richard, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Richard II, King, ref 1
Richard III, King, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Richardson, Peter, ref 1
Richmond, Duchess of (Mary Howard), ref 1, ref 2
Richmond, Duke of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Rochester, Bishop of see Fisher, John
Roper, Margaret, ref 1
Rough Wooings, ref 1
Royal Supremacy, ref 1
Russell, Lord John, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Rutland, Countess of, ref 1
Rutland, Earl of, ref 1
Rutland, Lord, ref 1
Rye House (Hertfordshire), ref 1
Sadler, Sir Ralph, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Salisbury, Countess of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Salisbury, Earl of, ref 1
Scotland, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Scrope, Henry, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Scrope, John, ref 1
Scrope, Lord, ref 1
Scrots, William, ref 1, ref 2
Sedbar, Adam, ref 1
Seymour, Anne see Somerset, Duchess of
Seymour, Edward see Somerset, Duke of
Seymour, Henry, ref 1
Seymour, Jane, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Seymour, Sir John, ref 1
Seymour, Mary (KP’s daughter), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Seymour, Thomas, ref 1
arrest of and downfall, ref 1, ref 2
background, ref 1
and birth of daughter, ref 1
career, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
contemplation of marriage to Elizabeth, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
disgruntlement at brother’s success and resentment at junior role, ref 1, ref 2
early courtship and relationship with KP, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
execution, ref 1
gives daughter into care of Duchess of Suffolk, ref 1
and Henry’s will, ref 1
knighthood and offices, ref 1
and KP’s death, ref 1
KP’s deathbed denunciation of, ref 1, ref 2
and KP’s marriage to the king, ref 1
marriage to and relationship with KP, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
portraits, ref 1
proposed marriage to Mary Howard, ref 1, ref 2
Seymour, Thomas.
quest for greater power, ref 1, ref 2
relationship with brother, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
relationship with Elizabeth, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
renewal of courtship with KP after Henry’s death and love-letters written between, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
scheme to marry Jane Grey to Edward VI, ref 1, ref 2
separation of Protector and Governor offices ambition and seeking of role in Edward’s upbringing, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
and Sudeley Castle, ref 1, ref 2
temperament, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
vilification of after death, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
wardship of Jane Grey, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
and wife’s pregnancy, ref 1
Sharington, Sir William, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Shaxton, Nicholas, ref 1
Shelton, Anne, ref 1
Sherrif Hutton Castle (Yorkshire), ref 1
Shrewsbury, Earl of, ref 1, ref 2
Sizergh Castle (Cumbria), ref 1
Skut, John, ref 1
Snape Castle, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Solway Moss, Battle of (1542), ref 1
Somerset, Duchess of (née Stanhope) (Anne Seymour), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7
Somerset, Duke of (Edward Seymour) (Earl of Hertford), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10
and brother’s marriage to KP, ref 1
character, ref 1, ref 2
dispute with KP over her lands and jewels, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
and downfall of brother, ref 1
in Duke of Richmond’s household, ref 1, ref 2
execution of, ref 1
and Henry’s will, ref 1, ref 2
as Lord Protector, ref 1, ref 2
portraits, ref 1
relationship with brother (Thomas Seymour), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Scottish campaign, ref 1
shortcomings, ref 1
Stafford, Elizabeth, ref 1
Stanhope, Anne see Somerset, Duchess of
Stirling Castle, ref 1
Stonor House (Oxfordshire), ref 1
Stowe Manor (Northamptonshire), ref 1
Strickland, Agnes, ref 1, ref 2
Strickland, Lady (née Katherine Neville), ref 1, ref 2
Sudeley Castle, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Suffolk, Duchess of (Katherine Brandon, née Willoughby), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Suffolk, Duke of (Charles Brandon), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Surrey, Earl of, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Taylor, Rowland, ref 1
Teerlinc, Levina, ref 1
Ten Articles, ref 1
Tewkesbury, Battle of, ref 1, ref 2
Thirlby, Thomas (Bishop of Westminster), ref 1, ref 2
Throckmorton, Sir George, ref 1, ref 2
Throckmorton, Sir Nicholas, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
Towton, Battle of (1461), ref 1
Tracy, William de, ref 1
Tunstall, Alice, ref 1
Tunstall, Cuthbert, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8
De arte supputandi, ref 1
background and education, ref 1
as chief executor of Maud’s will, ref 1
Church career, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
fondness of children, ref 1
and Henry’s divorce from Katherine of Aragon and break from Rome, ref 1
and humanism, ref 1
and mathematics, ref 1
More’s approbation of, ref 1
and Pilgrimage of Grace, ref 1
prominence, ref 1
Tyndale, William, ref 1
Tyrwhit, Lady Elizabeth, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6
Tyrwhit, Sir Robert, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, r
ef 4
Udall, Nicholas, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Valor Ecclesiasticus (1535), ref 1
Van der Delft, Franc¸ois, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Vaughan, Stephen, ref 1, ref 2
Vaux, Anne (née Green), ref 1
Vaux, Sir Nicholas, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4
Vives, Juan Luis
The Education of a Christian Woman, ref 1
Wakefield, Battle of (1460), ref 1
Walsingham, Sir Edmund, ref 1
Warham, William (Archbishop of Canterbury), ref 1
Wars of the Roses, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Warwick, Earl of (the Kingmaker) (Richard Neville), ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5
Watkins, Richard, ref 1
Wendy, Dr, ref 1
Westbury, Maurice, ref 1
Westmoreland, ref 1
Westmoreland, Earl, of, ref 1
Wharton, Sir Thomas, ref 1
Whitehall Palace, ref 1
Wolsey, Cardinal, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
women and education, ref 1, ref 2
Woodville, Elizabeth, ref 1, ref 2
Wriothesley, Lady Jane, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3
Wriothesley, Thomas, ref 1, ref 2, ref 3, ref 4, ref 5, ref 6, ref 7, ref 8, ref 9, ref 10, ref 11
Wyatt, Sir Thomas, ref 1
Wyke (Worcestershire), ref 1
York, Archbishop of see Lee, Edward
The Tudors
The Parrs
The Seymours
Picture Acknowledgements
SECTION ONE
1 Portrait of a Lady, said to be Katherine Parr, 16th Century English School © Lambeth Palace, London / Bridgeman Art Library.
The Great Hall at Gainsborough Old Hall, Lincolnshire © John Bethell / Bridgeman Art Library
2 William Parr by Hans Holbein © Royal Library, Windsor akg-images. St Mary’s Chapel, Snape © Mike Kipling Photography Alamy. Snape Castle © Mike Kipling Photography / Alamy.
3 Cuthbert Tunstall courtesy of Mr John Chichester-Constable.
Katherine Parr’s bedchamber at Sudeley © Country Life / Bridgeman Art Library.
The Chapel at Sudeley © Country Life / Bridgeman Art Library.
4 Charles V by Titian, 1533 © Prado, Madrid / Giraudon / Bridgeman Art Library.
The Martyrdom of Anne Askew from Acts and Monuments by John Foxe, 1563, woodcut © Private Collection / Bridgeman Art Library.
5 Thomas Howard by Hans Holbein the Younger, 1539 © Castle Howard / Bridgeman Art Library.
Stephen Gardiner, 16th Century English School © Corpus Christi College, Oxford / Bridgeman Art Library.
Thomas Wriothesley by Edward Harding, stipple engraving © National Portrait Gallery, London.
6 Katherine Parr, attributed to Master John, circa 1545 © National Portrait Gallery, London.
Katherine Parr’s signature © Mary Evans Picture Library.
7 Katherine Parr, 16th Century English School © National Portrait Gallery Roger-Viollet, Paris Bridgeman Art Library.