Annals of the Former World

Home > Other > Annals of the Former World > Page 80
Annals of the Former World Page 80

by John McPhee


  Queen Charlotte Fault

  Quien Sabe Fault

  radioactive isotopes see also radiometric dating

  radiolarian chert: formation of

  radiometric dating: argon/argon techniques examples of use potassium/argon techniques of Precambrian rock samarium/ neodymium techniques uranium/lead techniques use of zircons

  railroads: causeway across Great Salt Lake choosing Union Pacific route first transcontinental see also Union Pacific Railroad

  Rainier, Mt.

  rain shadow

  Raitt, Russell

  ranges, see mountains; names of specific mountain ranges

  Raton, New Mexico: as hot spot

  Rawlins, Wyoming: in the Old West time spread of surrounding rock

  Rawlins Uplift

  Red Canyon, Wyoming

  red rock: Flaming Gorge list of notable sites origins of in Sierra Nevada in Wyoming

  Red Sea and future of Basin and Range triple junction with East African Rift Valley and Gulf of Aden

  Reed, John

  Reid, Harry Fielding

  religion: vs. geology

  Reno, site of: physiographic change in distance from site of Salt Lake City

  reptiles: in Triassic period see also dinosaurs

  rhyolite: as fiery cloud burying part of Tetons vs. granite as part of family of similar rocks volcanic tuff zircons in

  rice-field contours, Great Central Valley, California

  Richardson, H. H.

  Richter, Charles F.

  Richter scale

  Ridge and Valley Province

  ridges, see mid-ocean ridges

  rifting: Gulf of California Midcontinent Rift Red Sea

  rift valleys: defined East African Rift Valley mid-ocean ridge pattern see also mid-ocean ridges

  rises: East Pacific Rise as type of plate boundary see also mid-ocean ridges

  rivers: braided characteristics of with common deltas eastern United States and exhumation of the Rockies as geographic borders and glaciation see also streams

  roadcuts: batholith contact with country rock west of Donner Summit benched throughcuts complexity in Basin and Range findings Deffeyes’ view in Great Valley of the Appalachians Holy Toledo cut largest on I-80 near Golconda Summit near Golden Gate : near Green River, Wyoming near Paterson, New Jersey in Palisades Sill paucity in Midwest in Sierra Nevada in Stansbury Mountain limestone through Franciscan mélange in Toano Range value to geologists vugs as way to study geology

  roads, see highways; Interstate

  rock cycle: and uniformitarianism

  Rock Springs Uplift

  Rocky Mountains: Ancestral in Eocene epoch exhumation of formation of Laramide Orogeny in Miocene epoch and plate tectonics role of wind and thesis of David Love

  Rodgers Creek Fault

  Rodinia

  Rogers, Henry Darwin

  roll fronts

  Romm, James

  Rongis, Wyoming

  Roosevelt, Theodore: at Delaware Water Gap in Wyoming

  Rose, Peter R.

  Roush, Jim

  Royal Society of Edinburgh

  Ruby Mountains, Nevada

  Rue, Matthew

  Rush, John

  Russia: scientific drilling in

  Sabatini, Gabriel

  Sacramento, California New Helvetia section

  Sacramento River, California

  Sahara Desert

  Saint-Gaudens, Augustus

  Saleeby, Jason

  Salinia Terrane

  Salisbury Crags, Scotland

  salt: and exploding rock

  salt domes

  Salter, Stephanie

  Salt Lake, see Great Salt Lake

  Salt Lake City: physiographic change in distance of site from site of Reno site as west coast of North America and Wasatch Fault

  Salton Sea

  samarium/neodymium dating

  San Andreas Fault: Central Creeping Zone described earthquake predictions effect of compression family of faults geomorphological effects intersection with ocean and Loma Prieta earthquake maps of measuring monitoring movement along and Mussel Rock naming of new faults origin of vs. Pacific Plate path of and plate boundaries rate of slip relationship to other faults reservoirs on and rock offsets and San Juan Bautista mission and Santa Cruz Mountains seismic gap see also earthquakes

  San Andreas Lake

  San Bruno Mountains, California

  sandstone: around Love Ranch creation from sand Frontier in Golconda Thrust Holy Toledo cut and meandering streams oil in Old Red Sandstone Pennsylvanian Permian and salt domes in San Francisco hills vs. shale transforming into quartzite uranium in Wyoming in Yerba Buena Island

  San Francisco, California: 1906 earthquake 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and California gold rush geology of hilliness of Marina district Nob Hill Russian Hill skyscrapers of Telegraph Hill

  San Francisco Bay: Alcatraz first Europeans to view geologic history Golden Gate Bridge and site San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge Yerba Buena Island

  San Francisco Bay Area: earthquake predictions exotic terranes in and Franciscan mélange frequency of earthquakes geology of on I-80 and Loma Prieta earthquake map of

  San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge and earthquakes and Loma Prieta earthquake

  San Gregorio Fault

  San Joaquin River, California

  San Juan Bautista, California

  San Marino

  Santa Cruz, California

  Santa Cruz Mountains, California: and San Andreas Fault

  Sargent Fault

  Saturday Club

  Saxe, John Godfrey

  scanning transmission electron microscopes

  scarps, see fault scarps

  Schaefer, Jack

  schist: blue in Franciscan mélange in Macedonia miners’ view of in New York City in Precambrian Wyoming in Sierra Nevada

  Schlicting, Emmons

  Schmitt, Harrison

  Schnur, Harriet and David

  Schooley Peneplain

  Schuster, Isidor

  scintillometers

  Sciota, Lake

  Scotland: angular unconformities in geologic terminology and golf courses in last Pleistocene ice age Old Red Sandstone formation

  Scottish Enlightenment

  seafloor: characteristics of early research ephemeral nature of formation of mapping of oldest rocks paleomagnetic findings and plate tectonics see also mid-ocean ridges; ocean crust; ophiolites; spreading centers

  sea-level variations and glaciation and plate tectonics

  seamounts: dating Emperor Seamounts Great Meteor Hawaiian Seamounts New England Seamounts off Oregon coast Walvis Ridge see also hot spots

  seas, see epicontinental seas; oceans

  Second World War

  Sedgwick, Adam view of Darwin’s The Origin of Species

  Sedgwick, Rev. Theodore

  sedimentary rock: in Carlin Canyon, Nevada Deffeyes chewing shale dolomite forming on Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles and early Appalachian geologists influence on topography language of pyroclastic debris shale so black it all but smelled of low tide as specialty of Karen Kleinspehn studying uranium in see also breccia; conglomerate; dolomite; limestone; sandstone; shale; siltstone

  Seeber, Leonardo

  seismic gaps

  seismic waves: in hot rock and hot-spot research and Moho and Vibroseis

  seismographs

  seismology: data on Appalachians and development of plate-tectonic theory gathering data and hot-spot research and mid-ocean rifts Richter scale Vibroseis see also earthquakes

  selenium

  Separation Flats, Wyoming

  serpentine: association with gabbro, diabase, and basalt in Coast Ranges on Cyprus and gold-bearing quartz as grapevine soil in Macedonia near Golden Gate in ocean crust in San Francisco in Sierra Nevada

  Seven Cities of Cibola

  Seward Peninsula, Alaska

  Seychelles: and Africa

  shale: so black it all but smelled of l
ow tide creation from mud Deffeyes chewing in Golconda Thrust in Hackensack Valley Mowry oil in in Palisades Sill paper and salt domes vs. sandstone and stream clarity testing for transforming into slate in Yerba Buena Island

  Shane

  Shasta, Mt.

  Shawangunk formation

  sheep, Wyoming

  sheepherder anticlines

  sheeted dikes: on Cyprus defined near Auburn, California in ocean crust in ophiolitic sequence in Sierra Nevada in Yuba Valley

  Shell Oil Company: employs David Love view of California geologists

  Shepherd, Cybill

  Sherman, William Tecumseh

  shield rock: defined and hot spots list of and mineral deposits origin of name see also Canadian Shield; cratons

  shield volcanoes

  Shoshoni Indians

  Siberia

  Siccar Point, Scotland

  Sieh, Kerry

  Sierra batholith

  Sierra Club

  Sierra Madre

  Sierra mélange

  Sierra Nevada: creation of described Donner Pass Donner Summit on I-80 escarpment fault along eastern base geologic history global antiques analogy granite in granite vs. granodiorite impact of earthquakes ophiolite emplacement rain shadow raised-trapdoor analogy roadcuts varied rock in volcanics in see also gold mining

  Signal Mountain, Wyoming

  Signor, Guy

  Silliman, Benjamin, Jr.

  sills: origins of Palisades Sill

  siltstone: in Basin and Range creation from silt

  Silurian period: characteristics of dispute over Cambro-Silurian line naming of and Ordovician period transcontinental physiographic time line

  silver: background of mining in Nevada in Basin and Range and Deffeyes as mine scavenger extraction methods vs. gold mining

  Silver, Eli

  Silver, Leon

  Silver Jim

  Sinkiang Depression

  Sioux Indians

  Skidmore, W. A.

  Skull Valley, Utah

  slate: blue-gray true unfading Martinsburg formation touching Palisades Sill transforming shale into

  Slate Creek, California

  slickensides: defined

  Smart, Jim

  Smartville, California

  Smartville Block

  Smith, Adam

  Smith, Dr. Francis

  Smith, William “Strata,”

  Snake River, Wyoming

  Snake River Plain, Wyoming

  snow: and wind in Wyoming

  Snowy Range, Wyoming

  sodium, see trona

  sodium chloride: in Great Salt Lake veneer covering Bonneville Salt Flats see also salt domes

  Sohm Abyssal Plain

  soil taxonomy: Great Central Valley

  solid-earth tides

  Solway Firth

  Somalian Plate

  Sonoma Range, Nevada: earthquake movement of

  Sonoma Volcanics

  Sonomia Terrane

  sound waves, see seismic waves

  South Africa: Great Karroo Kalahari Craton Kimberley Mine South African Shield

  South America: Jurassic proximity to Africa and ophiolites and plate tectonics

  South American Plate

  Southern Pacific Railroad see also Central Pacific Railroad

  Spain: tectonic history

  Spanish-American War

  species, extinctions

  spectrometers

  spectrophotometers

  Spitsbergen

  Spread Creek, Wyoming

  spreading centers: Deffeyes’ oceanographic research and future western seaway map of as method of venting heat and ophiolitic sequence and origin of ocean crust and origin of Smartville Block and plate-tectonic theory as term for places of origin of ice sheets vs. transform faults as type of plate boundary see also mid-ocean ridges

  springs, see hot springs

  Srebrenick, Murray

  Stable Interior Craton: characteristics of see also Archean cratons; Canadian Shield; midcontinent

  Stanford, Leland

  Stanley Diamond

  Stansbury, Capt. Howard

  Stansbury Mountains, Utah: and Donner party limestone roadcut as part of Basin and Range

  states: boundaries between geological surveys

  Steinmann, Gustav

  Steinmann Trinity

  Stevens, Robert

  Stevenson, Robert Louis

  St. Helena, Mt., California

  St. Helena Highway, California

  St. Helena Island Hot Spot

  St. Helens, Mt., Washington

  Stille, Hans

  Stillwater Range, Nevada: earthquake movement of

  Strathearn formation

  stratigraphy: as course of study as part of geologic structure relationship to tectonics

  stratovolcanoes

  stream capture: defined

  streams: Appalachian behavior of clarity of confluence of language of and limestone meandering Putah Creek and Rockies exhumation value of streamcuts to geologists see also rivers

  strike-slip faults: defined Queen Charlotte Fault in San Andreas Fault family in Southeast Asia see also transform faults

  strike valleys: defined

  strip mining

  structure, geologic: role of Swiss in structural geology and stratigraphy and tectonics see also basin-and-range structure

  Stuyvesant, Peter

  subduction: defined see also subduction zones

  subduction zones: defined development of and Franciscan mélange and North American Plate and ophiolitic sequence and San Andreas Fault under South America in South Pacific vs. transform faults as type of plate boundary and volcanism see also trenches, ocean subsistence mining

  Suess, Eduard

  Sulphur Springs Mountain, California

  Sumner, Sen. Charles

  Sundance formation: oil in

  Sundance Kid

  Sundance Sea

  Sunda Strait

  supercontinents: Pangaea Rodinia (Protopangaea)

  supergene enrichments

  surface bonanzas

  suspect terrane: defined terrain vs. terrane see also exotic terranes

  Sutter, Johann Augustus

  Sutter Buttes

  sutures: defined and plate tectonics see also exotic terranes

  Svalbard archipelago

  Sweetwater Creek, Wyoming

  Sweetwater River, Wyoming

  Switzerland: and early ice theorists and structural geologists

  Sykes, Lynn

  synclines: Fifth Avenue (New York City) as trough of see also anticlines

  Taconic Orogeny

  Tahoe, Lake

  Taiwan: as accretionery wedge movement toward Chinese mainland

  Tamalpais, Mt.

  Tammany, Mt.

  tectonic creep

  tectonic knots

  tectonics: in Archean Eon and Archean-Proterozoic transition continental escape theory and structure see also plate tectonics

  Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre

  Telegraph Hill, San Francisco

  Telephone Canyon, Wyoming

  Temple, Peter

  Tensleep formation

  terminal moraines: in Brooklyn defined and early ice theorists vs. outwash plains and Wisconsinan ice sheet

  terminology, geological

  terrain: defined vs. terrane see also terranes

  terranes: defined suspect vs. terrain see also exotic terranes

  Tertiary period: characteristics of rock folding and faulting in

  Tethys Ocean: African side and Cyprus defined Eurasian side map of remains

  Teton Range, Wyoming complexity of landscape and David Jackson formation of and glaciation and hot spots and Jackson Hole lakes in studied by David Love and Western movies

  Texas: in Cambrian period drilling into Houston topography

  Tharp, Marie

  theology: vs. geology

  Thermopolis, Wyoming

  Thermopylae
<
br />   Thesaurus Geographicus

  Thom, Taylor

  Thomas, Rev. Nathaniel

  Thoreau, Henry David

  Threshold of Reflection

  thrust sheets see also Overthrust Belt

  Tibet and Tibetan Plateau

  tides: solid-earth

  till: defined

  tilt blocks

  Timbuctoo

  time lines, physiographic: Cambrian period contemporary United States Eocene epoch Mississippian period Ordovician period Pennsylvanian period Precambrian time Silurian period Triassic period

  time scale, see geologic time

  Toano Range, Nevada

  Tobin Range, Nevada

  Toiyabe Range, Nevada

  Tollgate Rock, Wyoming

  Tom, Mt.

  Tomales Bay, California

  Tonga-Kermadec arc

  Tonka formation

  topography: seeing beneath

  transcontinental railroad: choosing route and gold rush

  transform faults: California triple junction : on Cyprus effects of motion land vs. ocean Mendocino trend Queen Charlotte Fault San Andreas Fault vs. spreading centers vs. subduction zones vs. trenches

  Trans-Hudson Orogen

  Transverse Ranges, California

  travertine in Pleasant Valley

  trenches, ocean: Aleutian Trench Cayman Trench converging Japan Trench Java Trench Kuril Trench Manila Trench Marianas Trench and North American Plate and ophiolitic sequence and Pacific Plate Pru-Chile Trench and plate tectonics Puerto Rico Trench vs. transform faults as type of plate boundary see also subduction zones

  Triassic period: characteristics of naming of oxygen in atmosphere subdivisions of transcontinental physiographic time line

  trilobites

  Trinity Range, Nevada

  triple junctions: Cape Mendocino East African Rift Valley, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea map of and Midcontinent Rift North American Plate, Pacific Plate, and Farallon Plate

  Trist, Nicholas P.

  Tristan da Cunha Hot Spot

  trona resource issues

  tuff, volcanic see also welded tuff

  tulares: defined

  tunnels Carlin Canyon, Nevada Green River, Wyoming Yerba Buena Island

  turtlebacks

  Twain, Mark

  type localities: Hayward, California as

  Uinta, Lake

  Uinta Mountains, Utah: and age of Green River characteristics of creation of and plate tectonics vs. Wind River Range

  Ukrainian Shield

  unconformities: defined in Grand Canyon Great Sierra Nevada Unconformity in Wyoming rock see also angular unconformities

  underground testing

  unidentified flying object

  uniformitarianism

  Union Pacific Railroad: Cheyenne station and Credit Mobilier and gangplank influence of monument to Oakes and Oliver Ames routing of

 

‹ Prev