Portrait of Michelangelo Buonarroti (Jacopino del Conte), xiv
Portrait of Savonarola (Bartolomeo), 34
Prato, sack of, 191–92
Primavera (Botticelli), 35, 40
Prince, The (Machiavelli), 109, 253
prophets, 151, 152n, 173
Protestant Reformation, 280, 293, 293n, 295, 296, 307, 323, 325, 371
Pucci, Cardinal Lorenzo, 188–89, 205
Pulci, Luigi, 22
Punishment of Haman, The (Michelangelo), 179
Punishment of Tityus, The (Michelangelo), 261–62
Quercia, Jacopo della, 39, 165n-66n, 181
Rachel (Michelangelo), 266n
Raffaello da Montelupo, 266n
Raimondi, Marcantonio, 262, 306
Raising of Lazarus (Sebastiano), 195n
Rape of Ganymede, The (Michelangelo), 261–62
Raphael, 5, 25, 56n, 110, 123–24, 132, 133, 161–64, 163, 174, 177–78, 185n, 200, 203, 206n, 287, 322, 342n, 351, 378
appointed magister operae, 194, 195, 205
death of, 269, 288, 325
Leo X and, 193–94, 205
Michelangelo and, 162–63, 164, 174
Michelangelo’s influence on, 193–94
Michelangelo’s rivalry with, 194–96, 222, 269
St. Peter’s rebuilding and, 325–26
Sebastiano’s rivalry with, 194–96, 269
Ravenna, Battle of, 191
realism, balance of idealism and, 110–11
Rebellious Slave, The (Michelangelo), 197
Renaissance:
concept of art in, 76–77, 96, 149–50, 262, 286, 359, 366, 371–72
concept of Man in, 105–8, 111, 179, 200, 219
Last Judgment as depicted in, 278–80
quest for fame in, 74–76
Riario, Cardinal Raffaele, 47, 56n, 129
Bacchus commissioned by, 49–50, 52, 54
Michelangelo invited to Rome by, 42, 48
Sleeping Cupid and, 41–42, 48
Riario, Pietro, 129
Riccio, Luigi del, 327–28, 355–57, 360
Ridolfi, Cardinal, 354
rilievo schiacciato, 24, 25
Risen Christ (Michelangelo), 59n, 197, 288, 378
Rohan, Pierre de, Maréchal de Gié, 91, 122
Roman Empire, 318
Romantic movement, image of artist in, 6, 286
Rome, 42, 83, 125–26
as art center, 47
Capitoline Hill in, 328, 330, 332
as center of immorality, 45, 47
in conflict over Michelangelo’s burial site, 368
Florentine expatriates in, 353–56
map of, xiii
Michelangelo’s 1505 return to, 131, 133
Michelangelo’s 1508 return to, 146
Michelangelo’s 1534 return to, 255
Michelangelo’s first sojourn in, 42, 44–77, 83
Michelangelo’s works in, 375, 377–79
rebuilding of, 44–45, 133–34, 315, 317
view of, 46
Rome, Classical, 133
Rome, sack of (1527), 245–46, 263, 295, 324, 325
Rondanini Pietà (Michelangelo), 14, 363–65, 366–67
Rontini, Baccio, 275
Rosselli, Piero, 141–42
Rossellino, Antonio, 13n, 81
Rossellino, Bernardo, 315
Rossi, Francesco de’, 109n
Rosso Fiorentino, 218n
Rucellai, Bonda, 9
Rustici, Giovanfrancesco, 20
Sacrifice of Noah, The, 166n
St. George (Donatello), 105
St. John (Michelangelo), 40
St. Matthew (Michelangelo), 118, 376
St. Peter’s Basilica, new, xiii, 214, 312, 377
Antonio da Sangallo and, 325–27, 333, 334–35, 340
baldachino of, 345, 346, 378
Bernini and, 338, 340
Bramante’s plan for, 63, 138, 164, 314, 318, 319, 320, 322–24, 333, 334–35, 340, 344, 353n
Clement VII and, 324
consecration of, 345
corruption in building of, 326, 332, 335
cost of, 323–24
dome of, 222, 335, 340, 342–44, 378
Giuliano da Sangallo and, 327, 344
hemicycles of, 341–42, 378
Julius II and, 313–15, 316, 317–18, 319, 322–24, 345, 348
Julius III and, 337–38, 348–49
Leo X and, 323–24, 326
Michelangelo and, 327–28, 332–38, 339, 340–44, 346–52, 372, 373
Paul III and, 326–27, 336, 346
piazza of, 345–46
Raphael and, 325–26
and sale of indulgences, 323
unconventional architectural elements of, 341–42
St. Peter’s Basilica, old, 55, 74, 317–18
Constantine and, 315, 316–17
dismantling of, 314
Salutati, Coluccio, 83
Salvestro, 99–100
Sangalleschi (Sangallo faction), 326, 333–34, 336, 337
Sangallo, Antonio da, 205, 379
St. Peter’s rebuilding and, 325–27, 333, 334–35, 340
Sangallo, Bastiano (Aristotile) da, 121, 155–56
Sangallo, Francesco da, 228
Sangallo, Giuliano da, 134, 139–40, 141, 159–60, 205, 224n, 316, 319
St. Peter’s rebuilding and, 327, 344
San Giovanni dei Fiorentini, Rome, 353
San Giusto alle Mura Monastery, Florence, 156–57
San Lorenzo, Florence, xii, 60, 215, 216, 370, 376–77
New Sacristy of, see Medici Tombs, San Lorenzo, Florence
Old Sacristy of, 221–22, 224, 377
San Lorenzo, Florence, facade of, 204–5, 217, 221n, 328
contract for, 208
delays in work on, 210–11
Michelangelo and Baccio awarded joint commissions for, 206–7
Michelangelo’s design for, 209
suspension of work on, 213–14, 215, 265
San Petronio Basilica, Bologna, 39, 144, 165n-66n
San Pietro in Vincoli, Rome, see Julius Tomb, San Pietro in Vincoli
San Pietro Maggiore, Florence, 369
San Silvestro, Convent of, 299
Sansovino, Jacopo, 205, 209
Santa Croce, Florence, xii, 80, 87, 217, 369
Michelangelo’s tomb in, 373, 377
Sant’Agostino, Rome, 85
Santa Maria del Carmine, 27
Santa Maria del Fiore, Florence, 79–81, 206, 207–8, 214
dome of, 80–81, 98, 206, 335
Santa Maria Novella, Florence, 17n, 18, 217
Santa Maria Sopra Minerva, Rome, xiii, 197, 378
Santa Petronilla Chapel, 63
Santa Petronilla shrine, St. Peter’s Basilica, 55
Santa Trinità, Florence, 17n, 217
Santissima Annunziata, Florence, 76, 89
Santo Spirito, Florence, xii, 31, 64, 66, 224n, 376
Savonarola, Girolamo, 30, 33, 34, 35, 36–37, 40, 45, 82, 84, 172, 294
scarpellini (stonecutters), 13, 58, 60, 80, 136, 197, 228, 273, 287, 313, 351, 352
School of Athens, The (Raphael), 163–64, 163, 174, 200, 322, 378
Scrovegni Chapel, Padua, 279
sculpture:
as metaphor in Michelangelo’s poetry, 61
Michelangelo on merits of painting vs., 25, 358–59
models for, 57–58
as process of self-actualization, 94–95
subtractive process of, 61
Sebastiano del Piombo, 22, 169n, 193–95, 255, 259
Last Judgment and, 269, 270
Michelangelo’s correspondence with, 220
Raphael’s rivalry with, 194–96, 269
Sellaio, Leonardo, 54, 195n, 206, 207, 233n
Separation of the Earth from the Waters, The (Michelangelo), 181
Seripando, Cardinal Girolamo, 308
Sernini, Nino, 292
Settignano, 13, 59
; Sforza, Francesco, duke of Milan, 84
Sforza, Gian Galeazzo, duke of Milan, 19–20
sfumato, 117
Shakespeare, William, 75, 105n
sibyls, 151, 152n, 173, 182
Siena, 122–23, 353
Signorelli, Luca, 279
Signoria, 11, 98–99
Sistine Ceiling, 16n, 27n, 39, 68, 98, 141, 146–48, 149–86, 188, 192, 200, 218, 221, 233n, 240, 268, 279, 293, 371–72, 378
ancestors of Christ depicted on, 149, 152, 173, 182–83, 271
beginning of work on, 154
brazen nudes of, 152–53, 183
complex layout of, 151
contract for, 154
didacticism of, 276
drawings for, 155
evolving style of, 161, 174, 178
faux-bronze medallions of, 153, 184
first public view of, 173–74
ignudi of, 152, 167, 168–69, 173, 184, 198, 238
lunettes of, 151, 152, 182–83, 271
Michelangelo commissioned to paint, 147–48
Michelangelo’s assistants on, 155–56, 161
Michelangelo’s design for, 150–51
Michelangelo’s use of foreshortening in, 153–54, 178–79
Michelangelo’s use of perspective in, 153–54, 178–79
origins of design for, 149
pendentives of, 151, 152n, 153
prophets in, 151, 152n, 173
sibyls in, 151, 152n, 173, 182
spandrels of, 151, 152
trompe-l’oeil architecture of, 151–52
trompe-l’oeil piers and, 152
uncomfortable working conditions for, 158–59
Sistine Chapel, 141, 146–47, 196, 322, 377–78
Clement’s proposal for, 268
wall frescoes of, 147, 150, 170
Sixtus IV, Pope, 74, 128, 130, 146, 147, 189
Sleeping Cupid (Michelangelo), 40–41, 47, 48, 50
Socrates, 284n
Soderini, Piero, 83, 84, 95, 100, 118, 119–20, 123, 125, 131, 139, 142, 191, 192, 247
Sodoma, 163
sola fide (faith alone) doctrine, 296
Solari, Cristoforo, 72n
soul, body as prison for, 61–62, 198, 232, 283–84, 356
Spain, 12
spandrels, 151, 152
Spirituali, 299
Michelangelo and, 299–300, 364
Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican, 163
Stanza dell’ Incendio, Vatican, 196
Strozzi, Gian Battista, 241n-42n
Strozzi, Maddalena, 115
Strozzi, Roberto, 355n
Strozzi family, 355
Studies for the David (Michelangelo), 92, 93, 94
Styx, 244n
subbia, 90
symmetry, as design principle, 321–22, 340
Taddei Tondo (Michelangelo), 90n, 114, 115
Temptation and Expulsion from the Garden, The (Michelangelo), 39, 152n, 153, 173, 174, 180n
Ten Books on Architecture (Vitruvius), 223
terribilità, 4, 39, 194, 200, 285
Titian, 5, 25, 264, 288n, 351
Tolomei, Lattanzio, 285
Topolino, 235
Tornabuoni chapel, 18, 217
Torrigiano, Pietro, 20, 27, 28–29
Transfiguration (Raphael), 195n
trapano, 94
Trent, Council of, 293n, 297, 307, 309, 371
Trignoli, Giovanni, 156n
Udine, Giovanni da, 253
Uffizi Gallery, Florence, xii, 376
Urbano, Pietro, 156n, 197n
Urban VIII, Pope, 345
Urbino, Francesco, 266n, 357
death of, 272–73
Michelangelo’s relationship with, 272, 274
Valdés, Juan de, 296, 300
Valori, Bartolomeo (Baccio), 250–51
Varchi, Benedetto, 36, 168n, 232, 357, 363
Michelangelo eulogized by, 370–71
Michelangelo’s letter to, 358–59
Vasari, Giorgio, 6, 13, 16–17, 18, 24, 41, 57–58, 63, 75, 76, 77n, 88, 89, 109n, 111, 154, 198, 204, 218n, 223, 225, 247, 257, 270, 286, 300, 325, 327, 332–33, 347, 349, 362, 368, 378
on David, 83, 84, 91, 95–96, 100, 109–10
and death of Michelangelo, 368, 369
on fresco painting, 157, 178
on Julius II’s tomb, 135, 169
on Last Judgment, 276, 279n, 308–9
Laurentian Library and, 328
on Leonardo, 18–19, 113
on Leonardo’s Battle of Anghiari, 119
on Lorenzo da’ Medici’s art school, 19
on Medici Tombs, 205, 222
Michelangelo described by, 28–29
Michelangelo’s biography by, 19
Michelangelo’s correspondence with, 351, 352
on Michelangelo’s paintings, 309–10
on Michelangelo’s perfectionism, 209
Michelangelo’s relationship with, 369–70
on Michelangelo’s rivalry with Raphael, 194–95
on Michelangelo’s rivals, 158
on Pietà signature, 72–73, 74
on Raphael, 162, 164
on San Lorenzo facade, 213–14
on Sistine Ceiling, 156, 161
on Sleeping Cupid hoax, 41–42
Vatican Gardens, 378
Vatican Museums, xiii, 377–78
Vendramin, Andrea, doge of Venice, 38
Venice, Republic of, 12
Michelangelo’s trips to, 37–38, 248–50
Verrocchio, Andrea, 18–19, 83n, 108
Vespucci, Amerigo, 40
Victory (Michelangelo), 376
Virgin Mary:
in Last Judgment, 282–83, 301
in Pietà, 65–68, 69
Virgin of the Stairs (Michelangelo), 237
Visconti, Giangaleazzo, Duke of Milan, 82
Vitruvian Man (Leonardo), 111, 322
Vitruvius, 111, 223, 317, 318, 321–22, 340–41, 342
Waldseemuller, Martin, 40n
Zacchetti, Bernardino, 156n
Zechariah, 173, 185n
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Copyright © 2014 by Miles Unger
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First Simon & Schuster hardcover edition July 2014
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Interior design by Ruth Lee-Mui
Maps by Paul J. Pugliese
Jacket design by Michael Accordino
Jacket art by Michelangelo Buonarroti © Scala/Art Resource, NY; street sign © Hedda Gjerpen/Getty Images
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Unger, Miles.
Michelangelo : a life in six masterpieces / Miles J. Unger.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Michelangelo Buonarroti, 1475–1564. 2. Artists—Italy—Biography. I. Title.
N6923.B9U54 2014
709.2—dc23
[B]
2013045778
ISBN 978-1-4516-7874-1
ISBN 978-1-4516-7880-2 (ebook)
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