40 An outstanding account of the Elks Club Group is found in Boomhower, John Bartlow Martin, 121–154.
41 The Papers of Adlai Stevenson, Volume 4, ed. Walter Johnson et al. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1974), 87–88.
42 Boomhower, John Bartlow Martin, 131.
43 Diary entry, Oct. 24, 1952, AMS Journals, 17.
44 The Papers of Adlai Stevenson, Volume 4, 150.
45 Jean Edward Smith, Eisenhower in War and Peace (New York: Random House, 2012), 544–545.
46 Boomhower, John Bartlow Martin, 140–142; diary entries, Oct. 28, Nov. 1, 1952, AMS Journals, 18–19.
47 Diary entry, Nov. 26, 1952, AMS Journals, 21.
Chapter: Nine: Politics Is an Educational Process
1 AMS to Marie and Averell Harriman, Nov. 20, 1952, AMS Letters, 52.
2 AMS to Joseph L. Rauh Jr., undated [December 1952], NYPL 112/2; AMS to Marietta Tree, Jan. 20, 1953, AMS Letters, 57; David Reynolds, Empire of Liberty: A New History (London: Allen Lane, 2009), 399-401; Richard Parker, John Kenneth Galbraith (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005), 262; AMS, “The Political Galbraith,” Journal of Post-Keynesian Economics 7, no. 1 (1984): 7–17, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4537860.
3 AMS to Adlai Stevenson, Nov. 21, 1952, AMS Letters, 53; Parker, John Kenneth Galbraith, 265.
4 Parker, John Kenneth Galbraith, 265; AMS to James Wechsler, Aug. 28, 1953, AMS Letters, 86.
5 Adlai Stevenson to Thomas K. Finletter, Sept. 5, 1953; Stevenson to AMS, Sept. 5, 1953, The Papers of Adlai Stevenson, vol. 4, ed. Walter Johnson et al. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1974), 267–268; John Bartlow Martin, Adlai Stevenson and the World: The Life of Adlai E. Stevenson (New York: Doubleday, 1977), 82–83.
6 Martin, Adlai Stevenson and the World, 82–83; 89.
7 On Eisenhower’s “middle way,” I follow Robert Griffith, “Dwight D. Eisenhower and the Corporate Commonwealth,” The American Historical Review 87, no. 1 (1982): 87–122 (especially 89–92), DOI:10.2307/1863309; Stephen Ambrose, Eisenhower: The President (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984), 158–159; State of the Union: Presidential Rhetoric from Woodrow Wilson to George W. Bush, ed. Deborah Kalb, Gerhard D. Peters, and John Turner Woolley (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2006), 465.
8 Martin, Adlai Stevenson and the World, 82–83, 88; AMS, “The Future of Liberalism: The Challenge of Abundance,” Reporter, May 3, 1956; Adam Rome, “ ‘Give Earth a Chance’: The Environmental Movement and the Sixties,” The Journal of American History 90, no. 2 (2003): 525–554, DOI: 10.2307/3659443.
9 Diary entry, Nov. 26, 1952, AMS Journals, 21.
10 Diary entry, Dec. 29, 1952, AMS Journals, 22–23.
11 AMS, The Age of Roosevelt working outline, 1952, NYPL 532/5.
12 Ibid.
13 AMS, The Crisis of the Old Order, 1919–1933: The Age of Roosevelt, vol. 1 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957), epigraph; Henry Steele Commager, “After the Decline and Fall, the Promise of a New Day,” review of The Crisis of the Old Order, by AMS, New York Times, March 3, 1957, https://www.nytimes.com/books/00/11/26/specials/schlesinger-crisis1957.html.
14 AMS to Marietta Tree, Aug. 16, 1953, AMS Letters, 83.
15 AMS to Joseph Rauh and James Loeb, May 12, 1953, NYPL 112/2; AMS to William M. Blair Jr., Oct. 4, 1955, AMS Letters, 118.
16 Diary entry, Sept. 10, 1954, AMS Journals, 32.
17 AMS to Adlai Stevenson, Feb. 15, 1955, AMS Letters, 103.
18 Borden Stevenson and Agnes Meyer quoted in Jonathan A. Cowden, “Self-effacing and Self-defeating Leadership: Adlai E. Stevenson,” Political Psychology 20, no. 4 (1999): 845–874, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3792197; Ray E. Boomhower, “A New America,” in John Bartlow Martin: A Voice for the Underdog (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015), 156; Reinhold Niebuhr, Major Works on Religion and Politics, ed. Elizabeth Sifton (New York: The Library of America, 2015), 671.
19 AMS to Joseph Rauh, Sept. 6, 1955, NYPL 112/2; “Dwight D. Eisenhower: Campaigns and Elections,” Miller Center, University of Virginia, http://millercenter.org/president/biography/eisenhower-campaigns-and-elections.
20 Nicholas Fortuin, “Eisenhower’s Heart Attack: How Ike beat heart disease and held on to the presidency,” The New England Journal of Medicine 338 (1998): 1703–1704, DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199806043382321.
21 Richard Nixon, In the Arena (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1990), 171–172.
22 AMS to William M. Blair Jr., Oct. 4, 1955, AMS Letters, 118.
23 Diary entry, Nov. 5–6, 1955, AMS Journals, 37.
24 Rudy Abramson, Spanning the Century: The Life of Averell Harriman, 1891–1986 (New York: William Morrow, 1992), 535; AMS to Adlai Stevenson, Oct. 10, 1955, AMS Letters, 423.
25 Martin, Adlai Stevenson and the World, 300.
26 AMS to Adlai Stevenson, May 15, 1956, AMS Letters, 134–135.
27 Diary entry, Nov. 5–6, 1955, AMS Journals, 17. On the speechwriters in 1956, I follow Ray E. Boomhower, John Bartlow Martin: A Voice for the Underdog (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015), 166.
28 Diary entry, Aug. 17, 1956, AMS Journals, 43; AMS to John F. Kennedy, Aug. 21, 1956, AMS Letters, 136.
29 Diary entry, Aug. 17, 1956, AMS Journals, 43.
30 Ibid.
31 Boomhower, John Bartlow Martin, 167; diary entries, Oct. 9, 16, 1956, AMS Journals, 45; Craig Allen, Eisenhower and the Mass Media: Peace, Prosperity, and Prime-time TV (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 127–149; Porter McKeever, Adlai Stevenson: His Life and Legacy (New York: William Morrow, 1989), 388.
32 Martin, Adlai Stevenson and the World, 389–390.
33 The election results are taken directly from Martin, Adlai Stevenson and the World, 391.
34 Stevenson to John Fischer, Apr. 23, 1957, The Papers of Adlai E. Stevenson, vol. 6, ed. Walter Johnson (Boston: Little, Brown, 1976), 524; John L. Steele, “Two Books By and About Stevenson,” review of The New America, by Adlai E. Stevenson, New Republic, Sept. 2, 1957, 17.
35 McKeever, Adlai Stevenson, 425.
36 LBJ to AMS, Feb. 1, 1957, AMS to LBJ, Feb. 14, 1957, JFKL, Series 1, Box P17, Lyndon Johnson, 1953–1960; diary entry, Mar. 30–31, 1957, AMS Journals, 49–50.
37 Diary entry, March 30–31, 1957, AMS Journals, 49–50.
38 AMS to Lyndon B. Johnson, Apr. 3, 1957, AMS Letters, 141.
39 AMS to LBJ, June 17, 1957, AMS Letters, 143; Jonathan Haidt, The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided By Politics and Religion (New York: Vintage, 2013), 93.
Chapter Ten: A Saint’s Life
1 AMS to James Wechsler, Feb. 5, 1957, NYPL 143/1; Orville Prescott, “Books of the Times,” New York Times, Mar. 4, 1957.
2 AMS, The Age of Jackson (Boston: Little, Brown, 1945), 520–523.
3 AMS, The Crisis of the Old Order, 1919–1933 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1957), 1.
4 Ibid., 1–8.
5 Ibid., 71.
6 Ibid., 155.
7 Robert W. Merry, Where They Stand: The American Presidents in the Eyes of the Voters and Historians (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2012), 94; Patrick O’Brien. “Hoover and Historians,” The Annals of Iowa 49 (1988): 394–402, http://ir.uiowa.edu/annals-of-iowa/vol49/iss5/5; AMS, The Crisis of the Old Order, 231–233.
8 AMS, The Crisis of the Old Order, 416–417.
9 Ibid., 454.
10 Ibid., 485.
11 Reviews of AMS, The Crisis of the Old Order, 1919-1933: Orville Prescott, “Books of the Times,” New York Times, Mar. 4, 1957; William E. Leuchtenburg, Political Science Quarterly 73, no. 3 (1958): 460–463, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2145855, DOI:10.2307/2145855; G. M. Craig, International Journal 12, no. 4 (1957): 311–312, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40198360, DOI: 10.2307/40198360; Thomas LeDuc, Journal of Southern History 23, no. 3 (1957): 405–406, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2954908, DOI: 10.2307/2954908; George C. Osborn, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 313 (1957): 153–154, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1031778; Frank Thistlethwaite, The English Historical Review 73 (19
58): 329–331, http://www.jstor.org/stable/556989; W. R. Brock, The Historical Journal 1 (1958): 89–91, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3020375.
12 William E. Leuchtenburg, review of The Crisis of the Old Order, 1919–1933, by AMS, Political Science Quarterly 73, no. 3 (1958): 460–463, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2145855, DOI:10.2307/2145855.
13 See for example, William Leuchtenberg, The Wall Street Journal, Jan. 8, 2016, http://www.wsj.com/articles/william-leuchtenburg-1452278787.
14 Peter Novick, That Noble Dream: The Objectivity Questions and the American Historical Profession (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 270–271; Stephen P. Depoe, Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., and the Ideological History of American Liberalism (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1994), 19.
15 Norman Podhoretz and Ron Radosh, “Arthur Schlesinger, Jr.: Exchange Between Norman Podhoretz & Ron Radosh,” History News Network, Mar. 1, 2007, http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/36075#sthash.1i8cqQ9E.dpuf.
16 William E. Leuchtenburg, review of The Crisis of the Old Order, 1919–1933, by AMS, Political Science Quarterly 73, no. 3 (1958): 460–463, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2145855, DOI:10.2307/2145855; James T. Sparrow, William J. Novak, and Stephen W. Sawyer, eds., Boundaries of the State in U.S. History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2015), 304.
17 Marc J. Selverstone, A Companion to John F. Kennedy (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2014); diary entry, Nov. 23, 1999, AMS Journals, 840; David Woolner and Jack Thompson, Progressivism in America. Past, Present, and Future (Corby, UK: Oxford University Press, 2015), 45, 44n.
18 On medieval hagiography, I follow Robert Bartlett, Why Can the Dead Do Such Great Things: Saints and Worshipers from the Martyrs to the Reformation (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2013), 18, 505, 519.
19 Diary entry, Nov. 26, 1952, AMS Journals, 21; AMS to Joseph Rauh and James Loeb, May 12, 1953, NYPL 112/2; AMS, A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965), x–xi.
20 AMS, The Crisis of the Old Order, 405–410.
21 Cf. Isaiah 26:12 (KJV): “Lord, thou wilt ordain peace for us: for thou also hast wrought all our works in us”; AMS, The Coming of the New Deal, 1933–1935 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1958), 13, 20–21.
22 AMS, The Coming of the New Deal, 508; Leroy D. Brandon under the direction of South Trimble, Clerk of the House of Representatives, “Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 1934,” US House of Representatives: Office of the Clerk, http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1934election.pdfmxpdf
23 AMS, The Coming of the New Deal, 533, 567–569, 573, 576.
24 Ibid., 587; Athanasius, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, ed. Philip Schaff and Henry Wace (New York: Christian Literature Company, 1892).
25 Henry Steele Commager, “Two Years That Shaped Our Lives,” New York Times, Jan. 4, 1959, http://www.nytimes.com/books/00/11/26/specials/schlesinger-age2.html.
26 Reviews of AMS, The Coming of the New Deal, 1933–1935: Commager, “Two Years That Shaped Our Lives”; Orville Prescott, “Books of the Times,” New York Times, January 5, 1959; Florence Kiper Frank, The Yale Law Journal 68, no. 8 (1959): 1723–1727, DOI:10.2307/794381; George C. Osborn, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 324 (1959): 149–150, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1034073; Robert E. Burke, The American Historical Review 65 (1959): 148–150, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1846650, DOI: 10.2307/1846650; G. M. Craig, International Journal (15): 89–90, http://www.jstor.org/stable/23595822; James A. Tinsley, The Journal of Southern History 25, no. 3 (1959): 407–409, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2954784, DOI:10.2307/2954784; “Background Books: The New Deal,” The Wilson Quarterly 6, no. 2 (1982): 94–97, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40256267.
27 AMS to “Dearest Children,” Jan. 23, 1959, NYPL 531/7.
28 Elizabeth Bancroft Schlesinger to AMS, undated [Jan. 1959]; Harvard Crimson, Feb. 3, 1959, NYPL 531/7.
29 The Observer, Jan. 18, 1959; The Times, Jan. 20, 1959, NYPL 531/7.
30 Philip Toynbee to AMS, undated [January 1959]; AMS to “Dearest Children,” Jan. 21, 1959, NYPL 531/7.
31 AMS to “Dearest Children,” Jan. 21, 26, 1959, NYPL 531/7; Lady Pamela Berry, socialite and political hostess; Hugh Gaitskell, leader of the Labour Party; Isaiah Berlin, Oxford philosopher and friend of AMS; Graham Sutherland, artist; Stephen Spender and Graham Greene, writers.
32 AMS to “Dearest Children,” Jan. 26, 1959; AMS to Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger, Feb. 2, 1959, NYPL 531/7.
33 Ibid.
34 AMS, The Politics of Upheaval, 1935–1936 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1960).
35 Ibid., 1–10.
36 Ibid., 15.
37 Ibid., 42–44, 68.
38 Ibid., 273–274, 547.
39 Ibid., 273–274, 648, 651–657.
40 Morton Keller, “The New Deal: A New Look,” Polity 31, no. 4 (1999): 657–663, DOI:10.2307/3235241; Thomas A. Krueger, “New Deal Historiography at Forty,” Reviews in American History 3, no. 4 (1975): 483–488, DOI:10.2307/2701507.
41 AMS to Arthur and Elizabeth Schlesinger, Feb. 2, 1959, NYPL 531/7.
42 Reviews for AMS, The Politics of Upheaval, 1935–1936: Orville Prescott, “Books of the Times,” New York Times, Sept. 7, 1960; Clarke A. Chambers, The Mississippi Valley Historical Review 47, no. 4 (1961): 731–733, DOI:10.2307/1889643; Norman Hunt, International Affairs 38 (1962): 132–133, DOI: 10.2307/2611478; Robert E. Burke, The American Historical Review 66, no. 3 (1961): 765–766, DOI: 10.2307/1847026.
43 On critical responses to Schlesinger’s The Age of Jackson and The Age of Roosevelt, see Stephen P. Depoe’s thoughtful Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., and the Ideological History of American Liberalism (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1994), 27–30 passim; Robert Allen Rutland, ed., Clio’s Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945–2000 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2000), 161–162.
44 AMS, Politics of Upheaval, 657.
Chapter Eleven: Are You Ready to Work at the White House?
1 Diary entry, July 14, 15, 1960, AMS Journals, 73–79.
2 Nigel Hamilton, JFK: Reckless Youth (London: Arrow, 1992), 204–205. Helen O’Donnell, The Irish Brotherhood: John F. Kennedy, His Inner Circle, and the Improbable Rise to the Presidency (Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint, 2015); Robert Allen Rutland, ed., Clio’s Favorites: Leading Historians of the United States, 1945–2000 (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2000), 162; “James Rousmaniere, 86, Skilled Yachtsman, Dies,” New York Times, Oct. 31, 2004, http://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/31/nyregion/james-rousmaniere-86-skilled-yachtsman-dies.html?_r=0; Theodore H. White, The Making of the President: 1960 (New York: Harper Perennial, 2009), 284: it is the only reference to AMS in the book.
3 John T. Shaw, JFK in the Senate: Pathway to the Presidency (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), 124–125; diary entry, June 16, 1960, AMS Journals, 70.
4 JFK to AMS, June 11, 1955, AMS Letters, 106–107.
5 AMS to Stephanie Adwar (fourth grade student writing to him about Profiles in Courage), March 11, 1975, NYPL 1/4; AMS to JFK, July 4, 1955, AMS Letters, 112–117; Shaw, JFK in the Senate, 126–127.
6 Ted Sorensen, Counselor: A Life at the Edge of History (New York: Harper, 2008), 146; AMS to JFK, July 4, 1955, AMS Letters, 112–117.
7 LBJ to AMS, Feb. 5, 1960, JFKL, Series 1, Box P17, Lyndon Johnson, 1953–1960.
8 JFK to AMS, May 2, 1957, NYPL 77/1; diary entries, March 30–31, 1957, July 19, Dec. 27, 1959, AMS Journals, 51, 57, 59.
9 Diary entries, May 14, 15, 22, 1960, AMS Journals, 66–68.
10 Diary entries, June 16, 1960, AMS Journals, 66–68.
11 Diary entries, June 16, July 9, 1960, AMS Journals, 70–71; Stevenson to Arthur and Marian Schlesinger, June 7, 1960; Stevenson to Marian Schlesinger, June 13, 1960, Walter Johnson et al., eds., The Papers of Adlai Stevenson, vol. 7 (Boston: Little, Brown, 1977), 507–513; AMS to Stevenson, June 8, 1960, AMS Letters, 203; Marian Cannon Schlesinger, I Remember: A Life of Politics, P
aintings and People (Cambridge, MA: TidePool Press, 2012), 132.
12 JFK to Joseph P. Kennedy, June 29, 1956, in Amanda Smith, ed., Hostage to Fortune: The Letters of Joseph P. Kennedy (New York: Viking, 2001), 672; diary entry, July 15, 1960, AMS Journals, 78–79.
13 AMS to the Editors of Newsweek, Aug. 26, 1960, AMS Letters, 217; AMS to JFK, Aug. 30, 1960, AMS Letters, 219.
14 Diary entry, Oct. 16, 1960, AMS Journals, 85–89; AMS, A Thousand Days: John F. Kennedy in the White House (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965), 70; Ray E. Boomhower, “The New America,” in John Bartlow Martin: A Voice for the Underdog (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015), 155–192; Sorensen, Counselor, 134.
15 Diary entry, Oct. 16, 1960, AMS Journals, 87.
16 AMS, Kennedy or Nixon: Does It Make Any Difference? (New York: Macmillan, 1960). The Gold Dust Twins, “Goldie” and “Dusty,” advertised washing powder. The phrase was often used to signify two characters working together as a team.
17 Ibid., 1–2.
18 Ibid., 2–18.
19 Ibid.
20 Peter Braestrup, “G.O.P. uses a book scoring Kennedy,” New York Times, Nov. 2, 1960; Victor Lasky, John F. Kennedy: What’s Behind the Image (Washington, DC: Free World, 1960), 114–115.
21 AMS, Kennedy or Nixon, 18–34; diary entry, Oct. 20–Nov. 8, 1960, AMS Journals, 93.
22 Diary entry, Nov. 21, 1960, AMS Journals, 93.
23 Diary entry, Dec. 1, 1960, AMS Journals, 94–96.
24 AMS, A Thousand Days, 143; diary entry, Feb. 2, 1961, AMS Journals, 102.
25 AMS to Marietta Tree, Jan. 1, 1961, AMS Letters, 239–241; Kai Bird, The Color of Truth: McGeorge Bundy and William Bundy, Brothers in Arms (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998), 152.
26 AMS to Marietta Tree, Jan. 1, 1961, AMS Letters, 239–241; diary entry, Feb. 2, 1961, AMS Journals, 102.
27 Marian Cannon Schlesinger, interview by author, March 9, 2014; Marian Cannon Schlesinger, I Remember, 128.
28 AMS, A Thousand Days, 162.
29 Ibid., 167.
Chapter Twelve: The Gadfly
1 Diary entry, Feb. 6, 1961, AMS Journals, 102.
Schlesinger Page 49