Pruetz, Jill D., and Paco Bertolani, “Savanna Chimpanzees, Pan Troglodytes Verus, Hunt with Tools,” Current Biology 17 (2007): 1–6.
Ramus, Franck, Marc D. Hauser, Cory Miller, Dylan Morris, and Jacques Mehler, “Language Discrimination by Human Newborns and by Cotton-Top Tamarin Monkeys,” Science 288 (2000): 349–51.
Reiss, Diana, and Lori Marino, “Mirror Self-Recognition in the Bottlenose Dolphin: A Case of Cognitive Convergence,” PNAS 98 (2001): 5937–42.
Renfrew, Colin, “At the Edge of Knowability: Towards a Prehistory of Languages,” Cambridge Archaeological Journal 10 (2000): 7–34.
Roeper, Thomas, “The Chomsky Experiments,” The New York Review of Books 28 (April 16, 1981).
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, and Victor Gourevitch, The First and Second Discourses Together with the Replies to Critics and Essay on the Origin of Languages (New York: HarperCollins, 1990).
Rumbaugh, D. M., W. D. Hopkins, D. A. Washburn, and E. S. Savage-Rumbaugh, “Comparative Perspectives of Brain, Cognition, and Language,” in ed. Norman A. Krasnegor, Biological and Behavioral Determinants of Language Development (Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum, 1991), pp. 145–46.
Salzberg, Steven L., Owen White, Jeremy Peterson, and Jonathan A. Eisen, “Microbial Genes in the Human Genome: Lateral Transfer or Gene Loss?” Science 292 (2001): 1903–6.
Sanders, Ira, “Human Tongue, Pharynx and Vocal Fold Muscles Contain Slow Tonic Muscle,” paper presented at Evolution of Language Conference, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., March 27, 2002.
Sandler, Wendy, Irit Meir, Carol Padden, and Mark Aronoff, “The Emergence of Grammar: Systematic Structure in a New Language,” PNAS 102 (2005): 2661–65.
Sapolsky, Robert M., A Primate’s Memoir (New York: Scribner, 2001).
Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., “Why Are We Afraid of Apes with Language?” in eds. Arnold B.
Scheibel and J. William Schopf, The Origin and Evolution of Intelligence (Boston: Jones and Bartlett, 1997), pp. 43–69.
Savage-Rumbaugh, E. Sue, and Roger Lewin, Kanzi: The Ape at the Brink of the Human Mind (New York: Wiley, 1994).
Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S., and D. M. Rumbaugh, “Perspectives on Consciousness, Language, and Other Emergent Processes in Apes and Humans,” in eds. Stuart R. Hameroff, Alfred W. Kaszniak, and Alwyn Scott, Toward a Science of Consciousness II: The Second Tucson Discussions and Debates (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1998), pp. 533–49.
Savage-Rumbaugh, S., S. Shanker, and T.J. Taylor, “Apes with Language,” Critical Quarterly 38 (1996): 45–57.
Savage-Rumbaugh, E. Sue, Stuart Shanker, and Talbot J. Taylor, Apes, Language, and the Human Mind (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998).
Schusterman, Ronald J., Colleen Reichmuth Kastak, and David Kastak, “The Cognitive Sea Lion: Meaning and Memory in the Laboratory and in Nature,” in eds. Marc Bekoff, Colin Allen, and Gordon M. Burghardt, The Cognitive Animal: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives on Animal Cognition (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2002).
Schwartz, D.A., C. Q. Howe, and D. Purves, “The Statistical Structure of Human Speech Sounds Predicts Musical Universals,” Journal of Neuroscience 23 (2003): 7160–68.
Searle, John R., “A Special Supplement: Chomsky’s Revolution in Linguistics,” The New York Review of Books 18 (June 29, 1972).
———, “End of the Revolution,” The New York Review of Books 49 (February 28, 2002).
Searls, David B., “Trees of Life and of Language,” Nature 426 (2003): 391–92.
Seyfarth, Robert M., and Dorothy L. Cheney, “Signallers and Receivers in Animal Communication,” Annual Review of Psychology 54 (2003): 145–73.
Seyfarth, Robert M., Dorothy L. Cheney, and Thore J. Bergman, “Primate Social Cognition and the Origins of Language,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences 9 (2005): 264–66.
Seyfarth, R. M., D. L. Cheney, and P. Marler, “Monkey Responses to Three Different Alarm Calls: Evidence of Predator Classification and Semantic Communication,” Science 210 (1980): 801–3.
Shapiro, Kevin A., Lauren R. Moo, and Alfonso Caramazza, “Cortical Signatures of Noun and Verb Production,” PNAS 103 (2006): 1644–49.
Shu, Weiguo, Julie Y. Cho, Yuhui Jiang, Minhua Zhang, Donald Weisz, Gregory A. Elder, James Schmeidler, Rita De Gasperi, Miguel A. Gama Sosa, Donald Rabidou, Anthony C. Santucci, Daniel Perl, Edward Morrisey, and Joseph D. Buxbaum, “Altered Ultrasonic Vocalization in Mice with a Disruption in the Foxp2 Gene,” PNAS 102 (2005): 9643–48.
Silk, Joan B., “Who Are More Helpful, Humans or Chimpanzees?” Science 311 (2006): 1248–49.
Siveter, David J., Mark D. Sutton, Derek E. G. Briggs, and Derek J. Siveter, “An Ostracode Crustacean with Soft Parts from the Lower Silurian,” Science 302 (2003): 1749–51.
Skinner, B. F., Verbal Behavior (New York,: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1957).
———, Beyond Freedom and Dignity (New York: Bantam/Vintage, 1971). Steels, Luc, The Talking Heads Experiment, vol. 1: Words and Meanings (Antwerp, Belgium: Laboratorium, 1999).
———, “Language as a Complex Adaptive System,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science (2000): 17–28.
———, “Mirror Neurons and the Action Theory of Language Origins,” paper presented at Architectures of the Mind, Architectures of the Brain Conference, September 2000, http://www.csl.sony.fr/General/Publications/ByAuthor.php?author=steels&year=2000.
———, “The Recruitment Theory of Language Origins,” paper presented at Morris Symposium on Language Evolution, Stony Brook, N.Y., October 2005.
Steels, L., and F. Kaplan, “Aibo’s First Words: The Social Learning of Language,” Evolution of Communication 4 (2001): 3–32.
Steels, L., F. Kaplan, A. McIntyre, and J. Van Looveren, “Crucial Factors in the Origins of Word-Meaning,” in ed. Alison Wray, The Transition to Language (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 252–71.
Stefansson, Hreinn, Agnar Helgason, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Valgerdur Steinthorsdottir, Gisli Masson, John Barnard, Adam Baker, Aslaug Jonasdottir, Andres Ingason, Vala G. Gudnadottir, Natasa Desnica, Andrew Hicks, Arnaldur Gylfason, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Gudrun M. Jonsdottir, Jesus Sainz, Kari Agnarsson, Birgitta Birgisdottir, Shyamali Ghosh, Adalheidur Olafsdottir, Jean-Baptiste Cazier, Kristleifur Kristjansson, Michael L. Frigge, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Jeffrey R. Gulcher, Augustine Kong, and Kari Stefansso, “A Common Inversion Under Selection in Europeans,” Nature Genetics 37 (2005): 129–37.
Studdert-Kennedy, Michael, “Vocal Imitation, Facial Imitation, and the Gestural Origin of Linguistic Discrete Infinity,” paper presented at Evolution of Language conference, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. March 27, 2002.
Sutherland, William J., “Parallel Extinction Risk and Global Distribution of Languages and Species,” Nature 423 (2003): 276–79.
Tattersall, Ian, The Monkey in the Mirror: Essays on the Science of What Makes Us Human (NewYork: Harcourt, 2002).
———, “Once We Were Not Alone,” Scientific American, May 1, 2003.
Teotónio, Henrique, and Michael R. Rose, “Variation in the Reversibility of Evolution,” Nature 408 (2000): 463–66.
Terrace, H. S., L. A. Petitto, R. J. Sanders, and T. G. Bever, “Can an Ape Create a Sentence?” Science 206 (1979): 891–902.
Tincoff, Ruth, and Marc D. Hauser, “Cognitive Basis for Language Evolution in Nonhuman Primates,” in eds. E. K. Brown and Anne Anderson, Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (Amsterdam and Boston: Elsevier, 2005).
Tincoff, Ruth, Marc Hauser, Fritz Tsao, Geertrui Spaepen, Franck Ramus, and Jacques Mehler, “The Role of Speech Rhythm in Language Discrimination: Further Tests with a Non-Human Primate,” Developmental Science 8 (2005): 26–35.
Tolbert, Elizabeth, “Music and Meaning: An Evolutionary Story,” Psychology of Music 29(2001): 84–94.
Tomasello, Michael, “Why Don’t Apes Point?” in eds. N. Endfield and S. Levinson, Roots of Human Sociality (New York: Werner-Gren, in press).
Tomasello, M., M. Carpenter, J. Call, T. Behne, and H.
Moll, “Understanding and Sharing Intentions: The Origin of Cultural Cognition,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28(2005): 675–90.
Trehub, Sandra E., “The Developmental Origins of Musicality,” Nature Neuroscience 6(2003): 669–73.
Tremblay, Stephanie, Douglas M. Shiller, and David J. Ostry, “Somatosensory Basis of Speech Production,” Nature 423 (2003): 866–69.
Tyler, L. K., W. D. Marslen-Wilson, and E.A. Stamatakis, “Differentiating Lexical Form, Meaning, and Structure in the Neural Language System,” PNAS 102 (2005): 8375–80.
Umiker-Sebeok, Jean, and Thomas A. Sebeok, “More on Monkey Talk,” The New York Review of Books 27 (December 4, 1980).
Underhill, Peter A., Peidong Shen, Alice A. Lin, Li Jin, Giuseppe Passarino, Wei H. Yang, Erin Kauffman, Batsheva Bonne-Tamir, Jaume Bertranpetit, Paolo Francalacci, Muntaser Ibrahim, Trefor Jenkins, Judith R. Kidd, S. Qasim Mehdi, Mark T. Seielstad, R. Spencer Wells, Alberto Piazza, Ronald W. Davis, Marcus W. Feldman, L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza, and Peter J. Oefner, “Y Chromosome Sequence Variation and the History of Human Populations,” Nature Genetics 26 (2000): 358–61.
van Schaik, Carel, “Why Are Some Animals So Smart?” Scientific American (March 26, 2006).
Vargha-Khadem, F., L. J. Carr, E. Isaacs, E. Brett, C. Adams, and M. Mishkin, “Onset of Speech After Left Hemispherectomy in a Nine-Year-Old Boy,” Brain 120 (1997): 159–82.
Vargha-Khadem, F., K. Watkins, K. Alcock, P. Fletcher, and R. Passingham, “Praxic and Nonverbal Cognitive Deficits in a Large Family with a Genetically Transmitted Speech and Language Disorder,” PNAS 92 (1995): 930–33.
Vargha-Khadem, F., K. E. Watkins, C. J. Price, J. Ashburner, K. J. Alcock, A. Connelly, R. S. J. Frackowiak, K. J. Friston, M. E. Pembrey, M. Mishkin, D. G. Gadian, and R. E. Passingham, “Neural Basis of an Inherited Speech and Language Disorder,” PNAS 95 (1998): 12695–700.
Varley, Rosemary A., Nicolai J. C. Klessinger, Charles A. J. Romanowski, and Michael Siegal, “Agrammatic but Numerate,” PNAS 102 (2005): 3519–24.
Visalberghi, E., D. M. Fragaszy, and S. Savage-Rumbaugh, “Performance in a Tool-Using Task by Common Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), Bonobos (Pan paniscus), an Orangutan(Pongo pygmaeus) and Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella),” Journal of Comparative Psychology 109 (1995): 52–60.
Volterra, Virginia, Maria Cristina Caselli, Olga Capirci, and Elena Pizzuto, “Gesture and the Emergence and Development of Language,” in eds. Michael Tomasello and Dan Isaac Slobin, Beyond Nature-Nurture: Essays in Honor of Elizabeth Bates (Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 2005). Wade, Nicholas, “Still Evolving, Human Genes Tell New Story,” The New York Times, March 7, 2006.
Warneken, Felix, and Michael Tomasello, “Altruistic Helping in Human Infants and Young Chimpanzees,” Science 311 (2006): 1301–3.
Wells, Spencer, The Journey of Man: A Genetic Odyssey (London: Penguin, 2003).
Wen, Q., and D. B. Chklovskii, “Segregation of the Brain into Gray and White Matter: A Design Minimizing Conduction Delays,” PLoS Computational Biology 1 (2005): e78.
Whiten, A., J. Goodall, W. C. McGrew, T. Nishida, V. Reynolds, Y. Sugiyama, C. E. G. Tutin, R. W. Wrangham, and C. Boesch, “Cultures in Chimpanzees,” Nature 399(1999): 682–85.
Whiting, Michael F., Sven Bradler, and Taylor Maxwell, “Loss and Recovery of Wings in Stick Insects,” Nature 421 (2003): 264–67.
Williams, Bernard, “Where Chomsky Stands,” The New York Review of Books 23 (November11, 1976).
Williams, S. L., K. E. Brakke, and E. S. Savage-Rumbaugh, “Comprehension Skills of Language-Competent and Nonlanguage-Competent Apes,” Language & Communication 17 (1997): 301–17.
Wolpoff, Milford H., Brigitte Senut, Martin Pickford, and John Hawks, “Sahelanthropus or ‘Sahelpithecus’?” Nature 419 (2002): 581–82.
Wong, Kate, “Who Were the Neandertals?” Scientific American, April 10, 2000.
Wrangham, Richard W., Chimpanzee Cultures (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press in cooperation with the Chicago Academy of Sciences, 1994).
Wynn, Karen, “Addition and Subtraction by Human Infants,” Nature 358 (1992): 749–50.
Yang, Charles, “Dig-Dig, Think-Thunk,” London Review of Books, 24 August 2000.
Zuberbühler, Klaus, “A Syntactic Rule in Forest Monkey Communication,” Animal Behaviour 62 (2002): 293–99.
Zuckerman, Lord, “Apes Not Us,” The New York Review of Books 38 (May 30, 1991). R
INDEX
Abel (crow)
Abyssinia
Afghanistan
Africa
agriculture
AIBO robot
AIDS
Aitchison, Jean
Akeakamai (dolphin)
alarm calls
Alda, Alan
Alex (case study)
Alex (parrot)
Al-Sayyid Bedouin sign language
Amboseli Elephant Research Project
American Anthropological Association
American Sign Language
analogy
Ancestor’s Tale, The (Dawkins)
animal communication vs. human communication
animal language research
see also specific animals
animals
cognition in
n see also specific animals
Animals in Translation (Grandin)
anthropocentrism
anthropology
ants
apes:
brains of
calls of
culture of
gestures by
as human ancestors
music of
pointing by
with protolanguage
tongues of
tools used by
vocal learning lacking in
see also specific apes Ape and the Sushi Master, The (de Waal)
ape language research (ALR)
aphasia
Arabidopsis
Aramaic
Arbib, Michael
Arnold, Kate
Arthur (parrot)
articulation
artificial intelligence
Asia
Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (Chomsky)
ASPM gene
Atema, Jelle
Atoms of Language, The (Baker)
auditory cortex
Austin (chimpanzee)
Australia
australopithecines
Avian Brain Nomenclature
Consortium
“Avian Brains and a New Understanding of Vertebrate Brain Evolution,”
baboons
Babylonians
bacteria
Baker, Mark
Balaban, Evan
Baldwinian evolution
Barcelona, Universidad de
Baroque Cycle, The (Stephenson)
basal ganglia
Bates, Elizabeth
bats
Behavioral and Brain Sciences
Behavioral Ecology Research Group
behaviorism
Bellwood, Peter
belugas
Betty (crow)
Bever, Thomas
Beyond Freedom and Dignity (Skinner)
Bickerton, Derek
Biology and Evolution of Language, The (Lieberman)
biotechnology
bipedalism
birds
brains of
concept of zero and
FOXP2 in
learning by
songs of
see also specific birds
The First Word: The Search for the Origins of Language Page 41