Little v. Barreme, 272–74
Livingston, Edward, 190
Livingston, Henry Brockholst, 298, 377, 378, 381
Livingston, Robert, 365
locket of Polly’s hair, 25, 418
Louis XV (King of France), 166
Louis XVI (King of France), 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 71, 72, 76, 79, 95, 154
Louisiana, 72, 81, 82, 123, 129, 206, 211, 282, 283, 285, 349, 390
Louisiana Purchase, 353, 385, 389, 390, 391, 392, 394, 436
love and war, 133–46
Lowell, John, Jr., 271
Loyalists, 19
Lucius, 294–95
See also Thompson, William
Lumpkin, Wilson, 420, 424
Lyon, Matthew, 180
MacRae, Alexander, 291
Madeira wine, 235, 260, 430
Madison, Dolley Payne Todd, 306, 322, 323
Madison, James
Adams vs., 108, 109
debating the Constitution, 36–38, 39, 40, 42, 44, 437
entangling alliances, 88, 89, 90, 91, 94
French Revolution, 61
Gerry and, 118
Great Steamboat Case, 366
Hamilton vs., 86
Indian rights, 390, 404
Jefferson and, 45, 60, 76, 77–78, 80–81, 83, 86, 185, 219, 287, 307, 337
justices of the peace, 244, 245, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256
Marbury v. Madison, 27, 42, 64, 162, 226, 251, 252–60, 261, 272, 273, 295, 329, 362, 372, 415, 439
Marshall and, 22, 36–37, 42, 242, 306, 410, 437
Marshall vs., 1–2, 89, 90, 99, 105, 183, 308, 385
nominations to Supreme Court, 307
public and private, 380
Shay’s Rebellion, 34
sovereignty, meaning, 310, 313
supreme law, 341, 342
War of 1812, 205, 314, 315–25, 339, 396
XYZ Affair, 173
Yazoo lands, 302, 303
See also republicans (Republican Party)
Mahomet (Voltaire), 140
Maine, 350, 426
majority decision vs. seriatim, 236
Mangourit, Michel Ange Bernard de, 73
manumission, 49–50, 50–51
Marat, Jean Paul, 78
Marbury, William, 243, 244–45, 250, 287
Marbury v. Madison, 27, 42, 64, 162, 226, 251, 252–60, 261, 272, 273, 295, 329, 362, 372, 415, 439
Marie Antoinette, 59, 79
Marriage of Figaro, The (Beaumarchais), 106
Marshall, Elizabeth, 299
Marshall, Humphrey, 284
Marshall, James, 97, 109–10, 111, 185, 246, 253–54, 259–60, 439
Marshall, John, 1–4
See also Adams, John; Jefferson, Thomas; Steuben, Baron Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin von; United States; Washington, George
Marshall, John (Chief Justice), 2
Addicks and, 407–8
estrangement, 300–305, 338, 347
family, justices living together as a, 235–36
friends and enemies, 326–38
nomination, 3, 184, 221–23, 224–25, 337
“riding circuit,” 246–47, 250–51, 275, 287, 348, 432
tenure, 1, 3–4, 224, 232–38, 262, 348–49, 383, 385, 410, 411, 435, 439–40
unanimous decisions, 3, 236, 240
Union concerns of, 426–27, 429–30, 432
War of 1812, 317, 321, 324–25
See also chief justice position; Constitution; federalists (Federalist Party); Marshall Court; Story, Joseph; Supreme Court; specific cases
Marshall, John (diplomat), 2–3
Madame de Villette and, 135, 138–39, 140, 147–49, 151, 152, 153–54, 155–56, 163, 166–67, 407
national hero, 2, 176, 178, 183
peace mission to France, 109–10, 112–13, 116–68, 183, 184, 200, 207, 261, 269, 330, 437, 439
XYZ Affair, 171, 174, 176, 177, 178, 183, 207, 264, 362
Marshall, John (family)
daughters, 30, 98, 112, 299, 409, 428
grandchildren, 409, 427, 430–31
James Keith (son), 186, 190, 300, 409, 427, 428, 430, 431
John (son), 178, 299–300, 409–10, 428
Mark Keith (mother), 12, 13, 186
Mary “Polly” Ambler (wife), 22, 25, 30, 45, 50, 53, 98, 110–11, 112, 124, 135, 147, 178, 186, 190, 192, 194, 219, 299, 330, 333–34, 384, 387, 408, 409, 410, 416–17, 418, 419, 421, 429, 430, 432, 433
sons, 276, 299, 300, 409, 427, 428, 432
Thomas (father), 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 21, 25, 29, 98, 186, 275–76, 363, 399
Thomas (son), 30, 49, 219, 276, 299, 384, 387, 428, 432–33
Marshall, John (law practice), 2, 8, 9, 14, 22–23, 25, 27–30, 45–46, 49–52, 97, 183, 219, 224, 247
See also specific clients
Marshall, John (personal)
abdominal pain, 414, 416, 417–18, 419, 420
accessibility of, 332, 333, 408, 438
appearance of, 7, 25, 35, 41, 49, 66–67, 114, 147, 182, 233, 234–35, 321, 330, 332, 417, 430
authority figures and, 2, 14–15, 363, 438
childhood, 2, 11–12, 13–15, 220, 298, 331, 363, 436
Court End house, 29–30, 42
death of, 433–34
education of, 2, 8, 13, 14, 22, 98, 109, 431
“From the Chameleon to the Mocking Bird,” 334
household management by, 30, 97
humor of, 8, 9, 25, 42, 184, 332, 335, 411
intelligence of, 8, 26
last will and testament, 416–17
Life of George Washington, 2, 247–50, 402
liver problems, 432
reality follows appearances, 2, 11
retirement, 418–19
Robin Spurlock, 25, 49, 50, 110, 275, 430
slavery, 45–53, 93, 110, 220, 275, 430, 437
socializing, 13, 14, 25, 29, 37, 112, 178, 184, 237, 330–31, 332, 334, 349, 388
South Branch Manor (Fairfax), 97, 106, 110, 112, 115, 125, 194, 248, 250, 439
speaking style of, 41
spine damaged, carriage accident, 431–32
theater loved by, 2, 67, 112, 140, 147, 428
“Union prolonged by miracles,” 426
wealth of family with cousin, 12, 13, 52–53
women, Marshall’s view of, 334, 417
Marshall, John (politician), 2
Alien and Sedition Acts, 180–81, 183, 438
congressional campaign, 182–84, 185, 186
conservatism, 12, 19, 26, 34, 44, 93, 167–68
debating the Constitution, 32, 34, 35–44
entangling alliances, 88–90, 91, 92
false allegations against, 90, 105–6, 194
Federalist leader, 86, 88–90, 92, 93, 106, 198, 237, 249, 337
French Revolution, 54, 60, 62, 83–84, 92
Genet and, 75, 77, 83–84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 92, 109, 438
House of Representatives, 187–88, 190–92, 194
Jay’s Treaty, 100–105, 109, 110, 143, 144, 191, 197, 199–200, 201, 202, 438
national government (strong), 19, 26, 34, 40–41, 42, 94, 224, 307, 325
Virginia General Assembly, 48–49, 50, 98–99, 104, 105, 437
Virginia House of Delegates, 24–27, 404
See also federalists (Federalist Party)
Marshall, John (Secretary of State), 2
Adams and, 111, 116, 193–94, 196–97, 198, 208, 214, 216, 218, 219, 221, 222, 225, 256, 259, 324
Burr and, 219, 220–21
justices of the peace, 226
neutrality principle, 201–3, 204–5, 209
&n
bsp; privateers and pirates, 196–213, 214
Quasi-War with France, 178–79, 181, 183, 196, 200, 206–9, 218, 238, 263–64, 325
Marshall, John (soldier), 2
French and Indian Wars and, 15, 248, 325
frontier soldier, 5–19, 21, 23–24, 26, 75, 77, 96–97, 98, 220, 234, 436, 437
leadership of, 14, 15, 17–18
Revolutionary War impact, 2, 15, 17–19, 24, 26, 34, 42, 132, 235, 248, 325, 385, 404
Marshall, William, 279
Marshall Court
commerce, regulating and protecting, 3, 11, 30, 126, 143, 157, 175, 197, 202, 203, 206, 212–13, 264, 266, 267, 330, 341, 364, 366–72, 381
conqueror’s court, 407–25
constitutional interpretation, 4, 320
constitutional law, 3–4, 262, 274, 429, 434, 437, 439
discretionary power, 255–56
“extravagant pretense,” 2–3, 405
high crimes, 275–81
impeachment, 3, 246, 251–52, 276–77, 279–81, 282, 294, 296, 303, 309, 399, 438
Indian rights, 362, 390, 394, 396–406, 412–16, 419–25, 435–36, 437, 439
international law, 4, 241, 262–74, 309–14, 320–21, 325, 327–30, 392, 422
judicial review, 3, 27, 32, 42, 69, 257–60
pirate lottery, 355–56, 357, 360, 361
prizes of war, 241, 262–74, 309–14, 320–21, 325, 327–30, 392, 422
public and private, 373–83
“right remains with strongest,” 392
showdown, 231–42
slavery, 357–60, 361–63, 414
sovereignty, meaning of, 306–14
statutory interpretation, 4, 241, 268, 269
strategic retreat, 243–61
treason, 282–96, 438, 439
Washington burning, 324–25, 326, 327, 400
See also Constitution; Marshall, John (Chief Justice); specific cases
Martin, Denny, 28–29, 97, 335–36
Martin, Luther, 279, 291, 303, 304, 341
Martínez, Carlos, 209
Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee, 66, 335–38, 342, 345, 346, 347, 372, 391, 439
Maryland, 88, 217, 233, 244, 278, 279, 307, 310, 313, 322, 327, 353, 398, 399, 400, 429
Maryland, McCulloch v., 340–47, 362, 372
Mason, George, 36, 38
Mason, Jeremiah, 434
Massachusetts, 31, 32–33, 41, 118, 185, 233, 300, 303, 307, 319, 366, 380, 385
Mathews, George, 301
Mazzei, Philip, 220
McCulloch v. Maryland, 340–47, 362, 372
McFaddon, Schooner Exchange v., 309–14, 329
McHenry, James, 170, 175, 192–93
McLean, John, 388, 411, 424
Merry, Ann Brunton, 112
Mexico, 283, 284, 287, 290
Michaux, André, 82
Michel, Charles (de Villette), 136–38, 153
Middleton, Henry, 115
Mifflin, Thomas, 78
Milan and Berlin decrees, 308, 310, 313
“millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute,” 176
M’Intosh, Johnson v., 397–406, 421
Mississippi, 286, 300, 396, 397
Missouri, 349, 350, 371
Mobile Act of 1804, 389–90, 392
monopolies, 364, 365, 367, 370, 371, 383
Monroe, James
debating the Constitution, 36, 41, 43–44
France and, 115, 122, 149, 150
French Revolution, 61
friends and enemies, 331, 332
Great Steamboat Case, 366
Jefferson and, 76, 85, 221, 226
Marshall vs., 1–2, 14, 26, 27, 88, 90, 91, 92, 105, 349, 385, 410
slavery, 47–48, 349, 350, 353, 354, 357
supreme law, 339, 341
Washington vs., 106
See also republicans (Republican Party)
Monticello, Virginia, 21, 24, 53, 80, 95, 231, 235, 291, 350
Moore, Alfred, 232, 234, 298
morality vs. law, 359, 361–62, 404, 414, 439–40
Morris, Gouverneur, 57, 79, 92, 120, 245
Morris, Robert, 111–12
Mountflorence, James, 151
Mount Vernon, Virginia, 59, 162, 182
Murray, Alexander, 265–70
Murray, Henry, 400, 401
Murray, William, 196, 206, 398
Nancy (vessel), 210
Napoleon Bonaparte, 61, 115, 116, 124–25, 128–29, 196, 202, 205–8, 308, 310, 311, 312, 317, 318, 321, 389, 438
See also France/French
Nash, Thomas, 189, 190
See also Robbins, Jonathan
National Assembly, 119
National Gazette, 62, 85, 433
National Intelligencer, 260
National Lottery, 345
National Republican Party, 420
national vs. state banks, 339–45
Naturalization Act, 179
natural law, 22, 47, 68, 356–57, 359, 361–62
Neilson, David, 390–91
Neilson, Foster & Elam v., 392–94
Nereide (vessel), 328–29
Netherlands, 59, 114–15
Neutrality Act, 286, 290, 294
neutrality policy of Washington, 60, 70, 75–78, 82, 84–90, 92, 93, 96, 99, 101, 109, 143, 206, 220, 438
neutrality principle, 201–3, 204–5, 209
neutral vessels, 238, 239, 240, 241, 266, 267–70, 270–71, 308, 327, 329–30
New Abridgment of the Law, A (Bacon), 22
New England, 88, 426
New Englanders (New Yazooists), 301–5
New Hampshire, 251, 303, 374, 375, 376, 378, 379, 426, 434
New Jersey, 88, 217, 233, 284, 365, 366, 371, 397
new order of things, 215–28
New Orleans, Louisiana, 81, 278, 285, 286, 318, 396
New York, 54, 55, 88, 100, 101, 217, 239, 245, 298, 300, 302, 365, 366, 367, 368, 370, 380, 381, 382, 383
New York Commercial Advertiser, 176
New-York Evening Post, 370–71, 434
New York Journal of Commerce, 414
New-York Tribune, 423
Nicholas, George, 36
Nixon, Richard, 292
Non-Intercourse Act, 270
“non-self-executing” treaties, 393, 395
North Carolina, 217, 234, 250, 275, 348
Northwest Ordinance, 349
“not a sixpence” (Pinckney), 129
“no taxation without representation,” 343
nullification and secession, 185, 276, 283–84, 302, 318, 412–13, 421, 426–27, 429–30
Nullification Crisis, 424
Oak Hill, 12, 276, 333, 384, 412, 418, 430, 431
Oakley, Thomas J., 366–67
Ogden, Aaron, 365–66, 366–67, 368
Ogden v. Saunders, 382–83
Ohio, 283, 294, 344
Onís, Luis de, 390
original jurisdiction, 41, 246, 256–57, 258, 288
Osborn v. Bank of the United States, 344–45
Pacificus, 85–86
See also Hamilton, Alexander
Paine, Thomas, 56, 121–22, 263–64
Panic of 1819, 340
Paterson, William, 68, 222, 223, 232, 233, 234, 246, 260, 298
Peck, Fletcher v., 303–5, 373, 375, 376, 381
Pendleton, Edmund, 26, 36, 38, 44
Pennsylvania, 5, 10, 97, 288, 301, 310, 316, 322, 332, 380
Percheman, U.S. v., 394
“perfect reciprocity,” 113
perjury, 254
Petite Démocrate (privateer), 83
Philadelphia, Penns
ylvania, 5, 6, 17, 23, 58, 59, 60, 62, 66–67, 73, 74, 75, 78, 79, 80, 83, 85, 87, 92, 98, 109, 110, 111, 112, 120, 124, 127, 130–31, 135, 157, 160, 169, 174, 175, 176, 177, 186–87, 190, 192, 198, 206, 240, 266, 300, 326, 407, 408, 417, 432, 433
Physick, Philip Syng, 417–18
Piankashaw tribe, 398, 399, 401
Pickering, John, 251–52, 277
Pickering, Timothy, 109, 112–13, 153, 169–70, 172, 174, 176, 177, 180, 193
Pike, Zebulon, 316
Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, 1–2, 107, 108, 115–68, 171, 176, 181, 207, 208, 210, 215, 217, 218, 228, 264, 282, 298, 310
Pinckney, Mary, 115, 138, 141, 148, 149, 155
Pinkney, William, 311, 340, 341, 378
Pinto, Manuel, 328–29
pirate lottery, 355–56, 357, 360, 361
Pitcairn, Joseph, 134, 139
Pitt, William, 120
plantation slaves vs. urban slaves, 45–46
Pleasants, John, 51
Plumer, William, 251
political parties, 39, 54–61, 71, 75, 77, 78, 79, 83–84, 86, 92, 93–94
See also federalists (Federalist Party); republicans (Republican Party); specific other parties
Pope, Alexander, 13
Portugal/Portuguese, 158, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 359, 360, 361
Posey, John Price, 26–27
precedent, without, 440
See also Constitution; Marshall, John; Supreme Court
Presbyterianism, 16, 374
President’s House, 198, 199, 216–17, 222, 231–32, 278, 306, 322–23, 324, 326
Prince of Wales (slaver), 51
Princeton, 276, 299, 377
Prison de l’Abbaye massacre, 58
privateers and pirates, 4, 73, 79–80, 82, 96–97, 99, 101, 102, 107, 125, 126, 127, 130, 131, 163, 164, 170, 191, 196–213, 214, 264–65, 329
prizes of war, 241, 262–74, 309–14, 320–21, 325, 327–30, 392, 422
Proclamation of Neutrality. See neutrality policy of Washington
property rights, 4, 12, 19, 28–29, 36, 41, 43, 44, 66, 68, 93, 104, 391, 439
Prospect Before Us, The (Callender), 195
Prosser, Gabriel, 47, 48
Prussia/Prussians, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 57–58, 213
See also Steuben, Baron Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf Gerhard Augustin von
public and private, 373–83
Pufendorf, Samuel von, 64, 362
Quasi-War with France, 175, 178–79, 181, 183, 196, 200, 205–9, 218, 238, 239, 263–64, 325
quoits, 8, 29, 333
racism, 397, 415, 416
Ramsay, Dennis, 245
Randolph, Edmund, 1–2, 26, 27, 29, 36, 44, 63, 75, 98, 197, 291
Randolph, Jacob, 432
Randolph, John, 278, 279–80, 281, 302, 366
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