A Secret Country
Page 40
104 Freney, Get Gough!, p. 2.
105 Advertiser (Adelaide, January 30, 1988).
106 PM, ABC Radio, October 16, 1981; Melbourne Age (October 17, 1981); Melbourne Age, letters (February 16, 1988).
107 Letter to the author from Bill Hayden, June 21, 1988.
108 Letter to Bill Hayden from the author, July 26, 1988.
109 Australian (January 18, 1988; January 29, 1988).
110 Weekend Australian (January 30–1, 1988).
111 Kwitny, The Crimes of Patriots, p. 140.
112 Times on Sunday (February 21, 1988).
113 Australian (February 26, 1988).
114 Sydney Morning Herald (February 23, 1988).
115 Interviewed by the author, Washington, August 1987.
116 Sydney Morning Herald (January 26, 1988); Times on Sunday (February 21, 1988).
117 Edwin P. Bayley, Joe McCarthy and the Press (University of Wisconsin Press, 1981).
118 Times on Sunday (February 21, 1988).
119 Sydney Morning Herald (May 5, 1977).
120 Interviewed by Brian White, Radio 2UE Sydney, February 22, 1988.
121 Ibid.
122 AAP News Report (February 23, 1988).
123 Milan Kundera, The Book of Laughter and Forgetting (Penguin, London, 1983), p. 5.
Chapter Six
MATES
1 The Eye (Sydney, October 1987).
2 Interview with Marshall Green by the author, August 1987.
3 Allies, a documentary film directed by Marian Wilkinson and produced by Cinema Enterprises Property Ltd, Sydney, 1981.
4 Bissell was addressing the US Council for Foreign Relations in 1968: cited in Denis Freney, The CIA’s Australian Connection (Freney, Sydney, 1977), pp. 52–3.
5 In a letter to the author, Clyde Cameron, Minister of Labor in the Whitlam Government, described Leader Grants as ‘a CIA operation’ (March 10, 1988).
6 Letter to the author from Clyde Cameron, June 17, 1988. (Robert Walkinshaw, US labour attaché from 1962 to 1964, admitted to Cameron that he had funded the AWU.)
7 New York Daily Mirror, cited in Freney, The CIA’s Australian Connection, p. 53.
8 Courier Mail (Brisbane, May 13, 1954).
9 Bissell, cited in Freney, The CIA’s Australian Connection, p. 49.
10 Cited in Freney, The CIA’s Australian Connection, p. 54. See also Sydney Morning Herald (May 13, 1954).
11 Letter from Clyde Cameron to the author, March 10, 1988. For Arthur Goldberg’s CIA connections see also Counterspy, vol. 2, no. 1 (Fall 1974).
12 Bissell, cited in Freney, The CIA’s Australian Connection, pp. 53, 54.
13 Ibid., p. 67.
14 Hansard (Australia, May 4, 1977), p. 1525.
15 Letter from Clyde Cameron to the author, March 10, 1988.
16 ABC interview with Harry Goldberg, cited in Freney, The CIA’s Australian Connection, p. 18.
17 National Times (April 20–6, 1984).
18 Allies.
19 Cited in Freney, The CIA’s Australian Connection, p. 61.
20 Allies.
21 National Review (May 5–11, 1977).
22 Letter to the author, March 10, 1988.
23 Hansard (Australia, May 4, 1977).
24 Interview with Ray Martin for Sixty Minutes, Channel 9, Sydney.
25 The Business International/CIA link was exposed as part of three articles on CIA penetration of the American media by Carl Bernstein, of Watergate fame. New York Times (December 25, 26 and 27, 1977).
26 Carroll’s speech, cited in Joan Coxsedge’s Evatt Memorial speech, What Price Socialism? delivered at the University of Adelaide, July 21, 1982.
27 Brian Toohey and Marian Wilkinson, The Book of Leaks (Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1987), pp. 102–3.
28 Blanche d’Alpuget, Robert J. Hawke (Swartz/Penguin, Sydney, 1982), p. 183.
29 National Times (September 20, 1987).
30 Evan Whitton, Can of Worms (Fairfax Library, Sydney, 1986), p. 18.
31 Cited in ibid., pp. 18–19.
32 D’Alpuget, Robert J. Hawke, pp. 236–7.
33 National Times (September 9, 1987).
34 Fratianno stated this under oath in his testimony to the US District Court, Southern District of New York, case of US vs Mangano and Gavarenti of July 1982. He stated Tham had introduced him to five or six Australians, including Abeles, Bela Csidei and Ross Cribb. In the same case Ross Cribb, the TNT general manager, said, ‘We met Mangano and Gavarenti in early 1975 . . . Abeles was present at the meeting.’
35 Waterfront Corruption Hearings before Permanent Senate Sub-Committee on Investigations, February 1981. Testimony of Ralph Picardo, Mafia informant: ‘The Teamsters were receiving payoffs from Seatrain’ (p. 275 of hearings). Testimony of Michael Devorkan, former US Attorney, New York: ‘Picardo was partly responsible for receiving labor payments in the past from Seatrain for the Teamsters’ (p. 307).
36 National Times (December 12, 1982).
37 Ibid. (September 20, 1985).
38 Ibid.
39 Whitton, Can of Worms, p. 14.
40 Howard Jacobson, In the Land of Oz (Hamish Hamilton, London, 1987).
41 George Munster, A Paper Prince (Viking Penguin, Sydney, 1985), p. 2.
42 Robert Pullan, Guilty Secrets: Free Speech in Australia (Methuen, Australia, 1984), pp. 38–9.
43 See Harry Gordon, An Eye Witness History of Australia (John Currey, O’Neil Publishers, Melbourne, 1986), pp. 42–4.
44 Pullan, Guilty Secrets, p. 63.
45 Ibid.
46 Ibid., p. 62.
47 Munster, A Paper Prince, p. 252.
48 Clarion (December 1986).
49 Thomas Kiernan, Citizen Murdoch (Dodd, Mead, New York, 1986), p. 311.
50 Sun editorial (January 20, 1988). David Langsam successfully reported the Sun to the Press Council. See the Independent (July 20, 1988).
51 Guardian (February 6, 1989).
52 Both Kemp and Reagan quotations appeared in the Clarion (December 1986).
53 Kiernan, Citizen Murdoch, p. 285.
54 Ibid., p. 320.
55 New Society (March 1985).
56 Kiernan, Citizen Murdoch, p. 287.
57 The report was Kampuchea: A Demographic Catastrophe, National Foreign Assessment Center, Central Intelligence Agency, May 1980.
58 Australian (March 12, February 28, March 6, 1985).
59 Ibid. (February 2, 1985). This analysis of the Australian is by David Bowman.
60 Statex – Sydney Morning Herald study (October 31, 1987).
61 Sun-Herald (September 15, 1991).
62 ‘Greed Inc. Australia’s missing millions’, Sydney Morning Herald (July 28, 1990).
63 Sun-Herald (December 15, 1991)
64 Quoted by James McClelland in the Sydney Morning Herald (September 10, 1987).
65 Sydney Morning Herald (April 23, 1988).
66 Allan Ashbolt, ‘In Praise of Heresy: the Role for Political Economy’, Arena, 78 (1987).
67 See Brian Toohey, ‘Life Styles of the Rich and Famous’, Listener (New Zealand, November 14, 1987).
68 Sydney Morning Herald (March 24, 1989; June 15, 1989; July 8, 1989; August 11, 1991).
69 Four Corners, ABC TV, August 18, 1986.
70 Australian Society (August 1988).
71 Analysis by Frank Walker, Sun Herald (February 15, 1987).
72 Sydney Morning Herald (December 17, 1986).
73 The original account of the meeting appeared in the Clarion (December 1986), and has been substantiated by the author from sources within News Limited. See also Gavin Souter, Heralds and Angels, cited by Brian Toohey, Sun-Herald (February 24, 1991).
74 See David Bowman, The Captive Press (Penguin, Sydney, 1988), pp. 13–14.
75 Australian Financial Review (July 30, 1981). See also Robert Duffield, Rogue Bull, a biography of Lang Hangcock (Collins, Sydney, 1979), p. 173.
76 Sydney Morning Herald (December 17, 1986) and Inside Media (December
1986).
77 Gavin Souter, cited Sun-Herald (February 24, 1991).
78 Letter to the author from Ian Macphee, October 31, 1988. See also Australian Hansard, December 21, 1989
79 Clarion (December 1986).
80 See interview with Paul Kelly, Australian (September 20, 1986).
81 Australian Society (June 1987).
82 The Eye (Sydney, July 1987).
83 Times on Sunday (February 15, 1987).
84 Business Review Weekly, Gold Edition (August 14, 1987).
85 Melbourne Age (February 2, 1987).
86 Guardian (November 30, 1991).
87 Sun-Herald (September 15, 1991).
88 Quoted by Tony Stephens and Paul McGeough, Good Weekend (December 6, 1986).
89 Sun-Herald (July 7, 1991).
90 Ibid.
91 Business Review Weekly, Gold Edition (August 14, 1987).
92 Sydney Morning Herald (December 6, 1986).
93 ‘Bondy’s Bounty’, Four Corners, reported by Paul Barry, ABC, March 13, 1989.
94 Ibid.
95 Ibid.
96 Sydney Morning Herald (April 27, 1989).
97 Interviewed by the author, June 1987.
98 See the West Australian (June 2, 1987) and Australian Society (July 1987).
99 Asian Wall Street Journal (October 16, 1991).
100 Sydney Morning Herald (July 28, 1990).
101 Ibid.
102 Ibid.
103 Asian Wall Street Journal (October 16, 1991).
104 Sydney Morning Herald (July 28, 1990).
105 Ibid.
106 Sydney Morning Herald (December 26, 1987).
107 Weekend Australian (June 11–12, 1988).
108 Sydney Morning Herald (April 10, 1988).
109 Canberra Times (April 13, 1987).
110 ABC memorandum from Bob Kearsley to Acting Director of Television, March 4, 1987.
111 Sydney Morning Herald (December 14, 1985).
112 Ibid. (February 13, 1988).
113 Herald, Melbourne (January 23, 1988).
114 Sun-Herald (January 24, 1991).
115 Sydney Morning Herald (January 22, 1991).
116 Tribune (February 13, 1991).
117 Quoted in Sydney Morning Herald (March 8, 1988).
118 Sunday, Channel 9, Sydney, March 22, 1987.
119 Arena 78 (1987), pp. 20–1.
120 Sydney Morning Herald (March 30, 1989).
121 Ibid. (March 23, 1988).
122 Ibid. (September 28, 1987).
123 Ibid. (July 7, 1988).
124 D’Alpuget, Robert J. Hawke, p. 117.
125 Brian Toohey gave this example in his speech to the AAP Edcon 1987 Conference, Broadbeach, Queensland, June 1987. See also d’Alpuget, Robert J. Hawke, pp. 268–9.
126 Australian Society (May 1988).
127 Cited in the Morning Star (January 28, 1992). I am indebted to John Cryer for his summary of the Fairfax bids.
128 Ibid.
129 Sydney Morning Herald (June 5, 1991).
130 Cited in the Morning Star (January 28, 1992).
131 Ibid.
132 From the Financial Post: ‘Conrad Black Guest Column’, cited in Hard Facts for Hard Times, (November 1991).
133 Sydney Morning Herald (July 30, 1988).
134 Bowman, The Captive Press, pp. 226–7.
135 Ibid., p. 193.
136 Athol Moffitt, A Quarter to Midnight (Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1985), p. 3.
137 Sunday Times (September 30, 1984).
138 Toohey and Wilkinson, The Book of Leaks, pp. 80, 196, 197.
139 Sydney Morning Herald (Series beginning July 28, 1990).
140 Guardian (November 4, 1991).
141 National Times (September 20, 1985).
142 Observer (February 14, 1988).
143 Sydney Morning Herald (May 22, 1991).
144 Sydney Morning Herald (April 9 & 10, 1991); The Age (April 12, 1991).
145 Sydney Morning Herald (January 11, 1992).
146 Ibid.
147 Ibid. (January 20, 1992).
148 Ibid. (September 4, 1991).
149 Ibid. (May 2, 1991).
150 Ibid. (May 7, 1991).
151 Ibid. (May 9, 1991).
152 Ibid. (April 29, 1991).
153 Ibid. (August 6, 1991).
154 Sydney Morning Herald (November 12, 1988).
155 Ibid. (December 6, 1988).
156 Ibid. (November 1, 1991).
157 Ibid. (December 1, 1988).
158 Ibid. (November 30, 1988).
159 Ibid. (January 21, 1992).
160 Ibid. (January 29, 1992).
161 Morning Star (January 30, 1992).
162 Sydney Morning Herald (December 28, 1991).
163 Ibid.
Chapter Seven
BATTLERS
1 The Eye (September 1987).
2 Dorothy Hewett, Bobbin Up (Virago, London, 1985), p. 63.
3 The ALP was formed in Queensland in 1891, took office in Queensland briefly in 1899 and in five other States between 1904 and 1913. The first Federal Labor Government was formed in 1904.
4 Jill Roe, Social Policy in Australia (Cassell, Stanmore, NSW, 1976), p. 5.
5 Ibid., p. 4.
6 Jurgen Tampke, Pace Setter or Quiet Backwater? German Literature on Australia’s Labour Movement and Social Policies, 1890–1914, cited in Labour History, no. 36 (November 1978), pp. 3–17. (I am indebted to Colin Griffiths for this and other references.)
7 Pravda, no. 134 (June 13, 1913).
8 Deirdre Macken, ‘Vanishing Middle Class’, Sydney Morning Herald (August 8, 1987).
9 Roe, Social Policy in Australia, p. 5.
10 Research by IBIS, cited by Macken, ‘Vanishing Middle Class’.
11 Macken, ‘Vanishing Middle Class’.
12 Direct Action (November 29, 1988).
13 Weekend Australian (February 28–March 1, 1987).
14 Sydney Morning Herald (May 7, 1988).
15 Report of the Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, University of Melbourne, June 1988. See also Luxembourg Income Study, cited in Sydney Morning Herald (May 7, 1988). On November 21, 1990 the Sydney Morning Herald reported: ‘Current estimates of poverty indicate that . . . between 30 and 35 per cent of children are below the poverty line’.
16 1986 OECD figures researched by Carole Sklan for The Last Dream, Central Television, January 1988.
17 Sydney Morning Herald (February 28, 1989).
18 Patrick Troy, ‘Is Australia a Just Society?’, in ‘Social Justice in Australia’, supplement to Australian Society (December 1988/January 1989).
19 Working Paper 5, Human Services Macarthur Regional Environmental Study, prepared by Meredith Smith, consultant town planner for Dept of Environment and Planning (Sydney, 1986).
20 Western Sydney Health Task Force Report, cited in Sydney Morning Herald (November 14, 1988). On November 12, 1990 the Sydney Morning Herald reported that health services were so bad in Liverpool, Western Suburbs, that the situation was ‘akin to passive euthanasia’.
21 Working Paper 5, Macarthur.
22 Edward Stokes, United We Stand (Five Mile Press, Australia, 1983), pp. 10, 11. (I am indebted to Edward Stokes for his rare and forthright background to life and conditions at Broken Hill.)
23 Ibid., p. 14.
24 See Graeme Osborne, ‘Town and Country’, in Strikes: Studies in Twentieth-Century Australian Social History, ed. J. Iremonger, J. Merritt and G. Osborne (Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1973).
25 ‘Narkal Notes’, Koorda and District News (May 6, 1987).
26 Nigel Hall and Martin Backhouse, ‘Performance of the Farm Sector’, Farms’ Surveys Report (Rural Production Economics Board, 1987), pp. 7, 15.
Chapter Eight
BREAKING FREE
1 Blanche d’Alpuget, Robert J. Hawke (Swartz/Penguin, Sydney, 1982), p. 302.
2 Emeritus Professor A. L. Burns, letter to Sydney Morning Herald (May 9, 1988).<
br />
3 Sydney Morning Herald (November 13, 1978).
4 Independent (July 27, 1988).
5 The 7.30 Report, ABC Television, July 26, 1988.
6 Sydney Morning Herald (August 18, 1988).
7 Socialist Labour (June–July 1986).
8 World Bank figures, cited New Statesman (October 18, 1991).
9 Ted Trainer, a sociologist at the University of New South Wales, is author of Developed to Death: Rethinking Third World Development (Marshall Pickering, London, 1989).
10 Interviewed by the author, Washington, August 1987.
11 The Eye (September 1988).
12 Australian (February 15, 1985).
13 Desmond Ball, A Base for Debate (Allen & Unwin, Sydney, 1987), p. 76.
14 Sydney Morning Herald (November 23, 1988).
15 Ibid. (May 16, 1987).
16 Interview with the author, Radio 2GB Sydney, March 23, 1988.
17 Sydney Morning Herald (May 19, 1988).
18 Honolulu Star Bulletin (December 1, 1983).
19 Cited in Tribune (November 16, 1983).
20 Ibid.
21 Sydney Morning Herald (February 14, 1984).
22 Cited in Tribune (February 29, 1984).
23 Sydney Morning Herald (April 16, 1988).
24 Bill Hayden, February 22, 1983, cited by William Pinwill, despatch to National Times dated April 13, 1983.
25 Sydney Morning Herald (March 13, 1989).
26 General Assembly Resolution 1514, XV, and Security Council Resolution 384 (1975).
27 Moynihan’s memoir cited by Noam Chomsky, Guardian (January 10, 1991).
28 Cited by Catherine Lumby, Sydney Morning Herald (January 9, 1992).
29 Cited by Chomsky.
30 Cited by Lumby.
31 Cited in Backgrounder published by Tapol, the Indonesian Human Rights Campaign. London (February, 1991).
32 Ibid.
33 Australian Hansard (November 1, 1989).
34 Cited by Chomsky.
35 Ibid. (November 18, 1987). I am indebted to Mary-Louise O’Callaghan for her perceptive reporting of New Zealand.
36 Gavan McCormack, ‘Korea and the Cold War: Towards a World Historical Perspective’, a paper presented at a conference at Yokohama, Japan, July 6–8, 1985.
INDEX
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Abarcia, Sonja, 117
Abbott, Barry, 63