unification of, 159
Slovakia, 284
Sloviansk, 344
Smolensk War, 92
Smotrytsky, Herasym, 71
Smotrytsky, Meletii, 90, 91
social democrats, 191, 193, 194
socialism, 169, 192, 196, 206, 211, 224, 265
developed socialism, 308
socialism with a human face, 312
Society [for the Protection] of the Ukrainian Language, 313–314
Solchanyk, Bohdan, 337
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 300
Sosiura, Volodymyr, 294–295, 301
Soviet Union, xix, 42, 104, 230, 244, 252, 324
Black Sea Fleet of, 324, 325
economy of, 303, 329
end of, 321–322, 323, 339, 341, 349
German invasion of, 256, 263 (see also Great Patriotic War)
Jews in, 296, 329
New Economic Policy in, 230–231, 246
political fragmentation of, 308
Red Army, 222–223, 226, 261, 264, 268, 274, 277–278, 280, 284
secret police in, 234, 245, 252 (see also NKVD)
space program of, 302
state of emergency in, 319
Spilka, 193, 194
Stadion, Franz (Count), 163–164
Stalin, Joseph, 221, 230, 232–233, 245–246, 248, 250, 255, 261, 263, 264, 265, 273, 278, 286, 288
death/legacy of, 296–297
de-Stalinization, 299, 303, 304, 312
and famine, 251, 253–254, 314
Stalingrad, 278, 279, 283
starvation, 250–251, 268, 293–294. See also famine
steel, 180, 293, 330–331
“Stone Cross, The” (Stefanyk), 183
Strabo, 11, 12
Strategikon (Mauricius), 16
strikes, 187, 188, 189, 204, 211
student hunger strikes, 317
Subcarpathian Rus’, 243, 256. See also Transcarpathia
subsidies, 169, 303, 330, 342
suicides, 252, 270, 315
Suleiman the Magnificent, 75
Sverstiuk, Yevhen, 303–304
Sviatoslav, 28–30, 31, 33, 35, 46
Švitrigaila (Prince), 64–65
Sweden, 106, 118, 119, 124, 127
Synopsis: or a Brief Compendium of Various Chronicles about the Origin of the Slavo-Rossian Nation and the First Princes of the Divinely Protected City of Kyiv and the Life of the Holy, Pious Grand Prince of Kyiv and All Rus’, the First Autocrat, Volodymyr, 121
Szczepanowski, Stanisław, 184
Targitaus, 7
Tatars, 50, 59, 68, 69, 75, 77, 78, 79, 91, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 111, 112, 115–116, 117, 177, 225, 298, 321, 341, 349
Taurians, 5
taxation, 77, 78, 101, 116, 125, 136, 332
toleration tax, 163
television, xix, xx, 307, 317, 322, 334, 341
Thalerhof concentration camp, 203
Theophanes of Jerusalem (Patriarch), 91–92
“Theses on the Tercentenary of the Reunification of Ukraine with Russia,” 298
Thirty Years War, 104
torture, 114
Totleben, Eduard (General), 180
trade, 8, 9, 13, 18, 25, 26, 28, 29, 45, 49, 54, 74, 178, 179, 185, 340
Transcarpathia, xxii, 143, 171, 183, 202, 212, 226, 243, 256, 271, 278, 280, 287, 304, 320, 351
translations, 36, 70, 104, 157
Transylvania, 103, 106, 272
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, 259, 266, 348
Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarjae, 140
tribute, 18, 25, 26–27, 32, 53, 56, 57, 65
Trotsky, Leon, 223
Tymoshenko, Yulia, 332, 335, 338
typhus, 219
Tzimisces, John (emperor), 28, 29, 30
Ukraine, 42, 68, 149, 177
as breadbasket of Europe, 8, 69, 178, 209, 260
Carpatho-Ukraine, 256
colonization of, 141–142
communist parties in, 231, 232, 241, 249, 251, 254, 262, 297, 304, 312, 327
constitution of, 128, 187, 327, 338
crisis of 2014, xx, 336, 337–345, 353, 354
cultural frontiers in, 90, 133
destabilization of, 341, 342, 343, 354
Directory in, 215, 216, 217, 218
economic decline following independence, 328–331
end of Viking Age in, 30
and European community, 325, 327 (see also European Union)
as gateway to Europe, xxi
GDP of, 328, 332, 335
in hierarchy of Soviet republics, 298
independence of, xix, 202, 204, 206, 207, 208–209, 210, 213, 215, 219, 221, 226–227, 234, 239, 256, 257, 267, 283, 291, 316, 317, 318, 319, 321–322, 323–324, 326, 327, 336, 343, 345, 353
investments in, 246–247
Jews in, 69, 98–99, 101, 182, 221–224, 231, 233, 260, 269, 270, 296, 321, 329, 351
“men in black jackets” in, 282
national identity of, 57, 335, 336, 343, 348, 352
occupation by Nazi Germany, 260, 262, 265–275, 279–280, 282, 283, 287 (see also Great Patriotic War)
parliament, 315–316, 317, 318, 319, 323–324, 327–328, 330, 331, 333, 335, 338, 339
partitions of, 115–118, 122, 266, 320, 341
population, 329
Red Army counteroffensive in, 264–265, 274, 278–279
Red Army liberation of, 278, 282
regions of, xxii–xxiii, 353
Reichskommissariat Ukraine, 266, 267, 272
religious division in, 85, 90, 95, 99, 172
Ruin period of, 109, 117
and Russia, 97, 104, 105, 119–120, 123, 139, 140, 141, 176, 181, 192, 206, 207, 210, 298, 301, 312, 318, 324, 325, 326, 338, 339–345, 354
Russian invasion in 2014, 141, 326 (see also Ukraine: crisis of 2014)
separation from Belarus, 63–64, 67, 105, 106
Sloboda Ukraine, 137, 141, 150, 352
sovereignty of, 316, 317, 347
and Soviet space program, 302
Soviet Ukraine, 208, 220, 226, 229–230, 231, 244, 253, 254, 255, 262, 286, 288
Supreme Ukrainian Council, 203
takeover of Soviet troops in, 324–325
“Ukraine” (term), 71–72, 101, 151
Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 305
Ukrainian Catholic Church, 271, 272, 287, 300, 315
Ukrainian Helsinki Union, 313, 325–326
Ukrainian identity, xxii, 57, 118, 119, 149, 161, 196, 203, 213, 229, 243, 304
Ukrainian Insurgent Army, 280–281, 288, 295, 314, 335, 342, 344
Ukrainian language, 149, 167, 172, 193–194, 195, 196, 198, 205, 211, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 240, 241, 256, 282, 304, 313–314, 342, 350
Ukrainian National Democratic Party, 195–196
Ukrainian national projects, 159, 198, 227, 229, 244
Ukrainian Orthodox Church, 86, 161, 241, 300, 328
Ukrainian People’s Republic, 207, 212, 217, 218
Ukrainian People’s Republic of Soviets, 208
Ukrainian Piedmont, 235
Ukrainian Social Democratic Labor Party, 216
Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic, 220, 280, 286, 319
Ukrainian south as boom area, 185–186, 188
Ukrainian Supreme Soviet, 316, 319
Ukrainian Writers’ Union, 311–312
Ukrainization policy, 210, 231, 232–234, 235, 241, 252, 254, 288
Ukrainophiles, 159, 167, 168, 169, 171–172, 193, 195, 196, 198, 202, 243
Western Ukrainian People’s Republic, 212, 213
See also Cossack Hetmanate; Russia: Little Russia
Uniate Chu
rch, 85, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93–94, 99, 133, 153–154, 161, 163, 168
liquidation of, 162
Union for the Liberation of Ukraine, 204
Union of Brest, 89–90, 92, 95, 111, 154
Union of Florence, 87
Union of Hadiach, 111, 112, 114–115, 122, 125, 136
Union of Kreva, 64, 65
Union of Lublin, 63–64, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 95, 111
United Nations, 285, 291, 325
United States, 183–184, 212, 230, 237, 247, 263, 318
foreign aid of, 326
Great Depression, 329 [Turn into a separate entry or drop]
universities, 94, 150, 156, 211, 262, 272, 298, 317
uranium, 302
urbanization, 175, 179, 181–182, 185, 190, 301, 314
deurbanization, 260
Valuev, Petr, 167, 168, 169
Vatutin, Nikolai (General), 281–282
Vienna, 161, 162, 163
Vikings, xxiii, 23–30, 31, 32, 34, 38, 47, 81, 179
Vilnius, 106, 154
Vladimir-Suzdal principality, 44, 45, 48, 50, 51, 56
Volga River, 25, 26, 54
Volhynia, xxii, 14, 55, 64, 66, 68, 69, 72, 78, 85, 100, 102, 113, 142–143, 144, 151, 152, 154, 155, 179, 182, 197, 204, 205, 219, 220, 221, 226, 229, 236–237, 240–241, 261, 281, 295, 316, 351. See also Galicia: Galicia-Volhynia principality
Volodymyr the Great, 31–32, 32–35, 51, 72, 93, 155, 156
Voltaire, 123, 134
von Wachter, Otto, 283
Vyhovsky, Danylo, 114
Vyhovsky, Ivan, 110–113, 192
Vynnychenko, Volodymyr, 205, 212, 215–216
Vyshnevetsky, Mykhailo (Prince), 68–69, 75
Vytautas (Grand Prince), 64
Waffen SS, 282–283
war of manifestos, 126
Warhol, Andy, 184
working class, 182, 187, 189, 191, 209, 211, 232, 233, 237, 248
World War I, 201–202, 213, 227, 259
armistice agreement, 211, 212
World War II, 260–275, 282, 291, 316
Allied victory in, 278
greatest Soviet military disaster in, 265
Wrangel, Petr (General), 225
Yalta, 178, 225, 226
Yalta Conference, 285, 287
Yanukovych, Viktor, 333, 338, 339, 340, 344
Yaroslav the Wise (Prince), 31, 35–38, 42–43, 44, 46, 72, 93
children’s marriages, 38–39
death/remains of, 41–42
sons of, 43
Yaroslav of Vladimir (Prince), 53
Yefremov, Serhii, 234
Yeltsin, Boris, 309, 318, 319, 320, 321–322, 323, 325, 327, 349
Yugoslavia, 284
Yushchenko, Viktor, 332–333, 334, 335
Yuzefovich, Mikhail, 167–168, 169
Yuzivka, 179–180, 181. See also Donetsk
Zaporizhia, 247, 250, 253, 292, 293, 315, 330. See also Cossacks: Zaporozhian Cossacks
Zhdanov, Andrei, 294, 296
Zhemchuzhina, Polina, 296
Serhii Plokhy is the Mykhailo Hrushevsky Professor of Ukrainian History at Harvard and the director of the university’s Ukrainian Research Institute. The author of nine books, including the award-winning The Last Empire, which received the Lionel Gelber Prize, the Pushkin House Russian Book Prize, and the Antonovych Prize, Plokhy lives in Arlington, Massachusetts.
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