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Index
The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific entry, please use your e-book reader’s search tools.
Academy of Sciences, French, 188, 189, 255, 256
Academy of Sciences, Russian Imperial, 267
aeration, 133, 239
Agriculture, U.S. Department of, 8–10, 121, 128, 239, 317, 317n. See also Chaney, Rufus
Agrobacterium bacteria, 310
air
altitude and, 190
Black’s experiments with, 178–79
evolution of earth and, 213
fixed, 178–79, 180, 182, 187, 188
Ingen-Housz’s experiments with, 187–88
light’s importance to, 182
plants as purifying, 180–82
Priestley’s experiments with, 177–81
roots and, 187–88
Saussure’s experiments with, 190
Air-Pots, 342–43
Alcock, John, 302
algae
freshwater, 209
as mixotrophs, 23n
oil from, 341–42
sea slugs and, 194, 196, 199, 201, 202, 203
symbiosis of fungi and, 209
Theophrastus’s studies and, 25
See also eukaryotes; sea slugs
Alyssum bertolonii, 123–25, 126–31
Amborella trichopoda, 283, 284–85, 287, 288
American University, decontamination of soil near, 119–21
Amici, Giovanni Battista, 268–69
ammonia, 107, 108, 108n, 203–4
amphibians, 264-66. See also type of amphibian
anatomy/dissection
corpses for, 53
in early Christian Rome, 55, 55n
and human-plant analogy, 90–91
of insects, 58–60
of plants, 60, 64–71, 75–81, 82–88, 89–103
Royal Society’s interest in, 58–59, 60, 61, 64–65
at University of Bologna, 51–60
See also Grew, Nehemiah; Malpighi, Marcello
Anaxagoras, 27
angiosperms
Amborella trichopoda as link between gymnosperms and, 283
competition with conifers, 226
evolution of, 224, 284–89
as hermaphrodites, 285
importance of insects to, 295
purpose of, 282–89
See also flowering plants
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), 9
animalcules. See microorganisms
animals
circulation in, 95, 97, 98
differentiation between plants and, 20–22, 70
growth of, 70
“how” of, 71
importance of oxygen to, 215
photosynthesis and, 198–202
plants as analogous to, 28–29, 60, 71, 92, 95, 97, 98
sea slugs as aquatic chimeras between plants and, 200
sexual behavior of, 257–58, 270
See also insects
annual crops
benefits of, 138
farming of, 134–35
perennial versions of, 135–48
See also type of plant
anthers, 248–49, 250, 251–52, 254, 269, 281, 296
anthocyanins, 280, 314
anthurium, 244–48
aphids, 101, 116, 261, 325
apical dominance, 335–36, 342
Apollo: myth about Daphne and, 169
archaea, 204
Archaeopteris trees, 215
Aristotle, 21, 24, 28, 29, 50, 55, 59, 89–90, 169
Army Corps of Engineers, 120–21
Army, U.S., Chemical Warfare Service of, 119–20
aroids, 248. See also anthuriums
arsenic, 120–21, 132
artificial fertilization, 270
Atkins garden petunia, 273, 274
ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 116, 197, 198, 204
auxin, 333–34, 335–36, 337
bacteria
anaerobic, 110
and evolution of earth, 216–17
fragrance and, 310
nitrogen-fixing, 107, 108, 108n
See also cyanobacteria
Ball Horticultural Company, 271–72, 275, 279, 314
banyan trees, 31, 77–78
bark, 17, 25, 92, 98, 101, 105, 114, 267
Barrow, Isaac, 45–46
Bassi, Laura, 262
Bauhin, Johann, 19–20
bay laurel trees, 169
bean plants, 108, 249
bees, 273, 296, 302–4
Beyer, Peter, 339–40
Bhattacharya, Debashish, 208
biofuels, 239. See also miscanthus
biomass, 208n, 231–35, 344
Black, Joseph, 178–79
black petunias, 272, 277, 280–81, 311, 344
Boerhaave, Hermann, 173, 255–56
Bonnet, Charles, 261
borametz, 18, 19–20, 21, 22–24, 27, 32, 193–94, 200
Bosch, Carl, 108n
Botanicalls, 322–23, 324–25
Boyle, Robert, 43–44, 45–46, 94, 177–78
brake fern, 121, 132
branches
apical dominance and, 335, 336
and circulation of sap, 98, 99
of conifers, 221
of deciduous trees, 336
development of new, 68
and evolution of earth, 216
of fruit cocktail tree, 7, 11, 12, 336–38
genes and, 212, 213
Grew’s study of, 68
Hales’s study of, 98, 99
of Leyland cypress trees, 219
“pleaching” of, 17
pruning of, 336–38, 343
Theophrastus’s views about, 25, 28
breeding
and Clark’s work, 306, 308
for flower color, 279
of flowering plants, 285–86
of petunias, 273–81, 305, 306–14
and sex among animals, 270
See also crossbreeding; genetic engineering; inbreeding; reproduction; type of plant
Brouncker, William, 45
brown hawk moth, 300, 301
Brown, Robert, 294
brown slugs, 193, 199
Buddha’s Hand, 112–14, 118
buds
and anatomy of trees, 68
auxin and, 335
of Buddha’s Hand tree, 113
on fruit cocktail tree, 336–38
grafting of, 7, 10–12, 13, 16
meristem tissue and, 88
miscanthus and, 235
of petunias, 278
and plant sex, 249, 254
and regulations about budding, 9
Theophrastus’s views about, 25
Burdon, Llandis, 220
Busby, Richard, 42–43
calcium, 124, 125, 129–30, 212–13
California: shipping of citrus trees from, 112
cambium layer, 13, 14, 17, 67, 68, 92
Camerer, Rudolf Jacob, 249–51, 252, 266, 268
Canada: Pyramind Farms in, 227–35
Canary grass, 332–33
Canton, John, 177
carbohydrates, 125, 137, 141, 192, 196, 208, 212, 221, 282, 336, 341, 344
carbon, 125, 148, 179, 189, 204, 206, 212, 217, 236–37, 238, 344. See also carbon dioxide; photosynthesis
carbon dioxide
and climate-warming, 238
Cooksonia and, 212
cyanobacteria and, 204, 205
evolution of earth and, 203, 204, 213, 216, 217, 223
flowering plants and, 224
grass and, 236, 237
Ingen-Housz’s studies and, 187–88
Lavoisier’s studies and, 189
Priestley’s studies and, 179, 187–88
roots release of, 110
RuBisCO gene and, 236, 237
Saussure’s studies and, 190–92
tracheophytes and, 210
See also photosynthesis
Cardano, Girolamo, 90
carnivorous plants, 329–30
carpels
of Amborella trichopoda, 285, 288
of angiosperms, 285, 287–88
Darwin’s studies and, 293, 297
plant sex and, 249, 251–52, 256
Cavendish, Henry, 178
Chaney, Rufus, 121–25, 127, 128–29, 130, 131, 132
Chemical Warfare Service (U.S. Army), 119–20
chlorophyll, 197, 200, 201, 277, 278, 279
chloroplasts, 196–97, 198, 199–200, 203, 208, 210, 217, 278, 344
chyle, 91, 91n
circulation
in animals, 95, 97, 98
blood, 57, 91, 95, 97, 98
in plants, 90–103
circumnutation, 328–29
citrus/citrus trees
Buddha’s Hand, 112–14
commercial, 6
and difficulties of having a citrus business, 15
Florida restrictions on, 8–10, 317
grafting of, 5–6, 7–8, 10–12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 31
Kassinger’s collection of potted, 4–5, 246
seedless, 6
shipping of, 8–10, 112, 113, 317
watering of, 15–16
citrus cocktail tree. See fruit cocktail tree
Clark, Bill, 156–57
Clark, David, 305–6, 308, 309, 310–14
clay, 109–10
climbing plants, 328–29, 330
club soda: invention of, 168
co-dominance, 279, 280
coal, 217, 223, 231, 238
cobalt, 123, 124
cocktail tree. See fruit cocktail tree
Coder, Kim, 201–2
coleus: Clark’s breeding of, 311–14
collenchyma fibers, 66
color
of flowering plants, 273–81
fragrance and, 311
of fruit, 307
See also type of plant
conifers, 215, 220–26, 284, 285, 335. See also type of conifer
Connolly, Steve, 82–83, 84, 87
Cooksonia (tracheophyte), 210–12, 215
Cornell University: topsoil study at, 134
cotton plants, 27
crabgrass, 237
crape myrtle, 336
crops. See annual crops
crossbreeding, 140, 146–47, 270, 274, 278–79, 281, 293, 297, 298
Cutler, Sean, 340
cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), 203–6, 207–9, 208n, 342, 344
cypress trees, 225–26, 287
cystic fibrosis, 196
Damariscotta, Maine: pumpkin celebration in, 149–59
Darwin, Charles
childhood/youth of, 290–91
education of, 291–92
evolution theory of, 290, 293–94
family of, 331–32
Galapagos Islands collection of, 292–93
health of, 331, 332
natural selec
tion theory of, 293, 300
and nectaries as mystery, 288
plant studies of, 270, 290, 293–94, 297–300, 302, 305, 326, 327–34, 335
Sprengel’s studies and, 297
writings of, 270, 290, 292–93, 297–98, 328–29, 330–31
Darwin, Francis (son), 331, 332–33
date palms, 25–26, 248
deciduous trees, 336
decontamination, 121–32
Descartes, René, 94–95
Dickson, James, 24
Digby, Kenelm, 68
digestion
in humans, 90–91
in plants, 90–103
dioecious plants: plant sex and, 251, 254, 294
Diogenes, 27
diploids: gymnosperms as, 285–86
DNA, 107, 116, 199–200, 201, 203, 205, 310, 339, 342
dodder plants, 20
dog’s mercury, 251, 266
Dorothy. See fruit cocktail tree
dracaena plants, 342–43
dragonflies, 215
“drip line,” 109
drought, 340
duff, 109, 110
Duret, Claude, 20, 21
“dusting” of trees, 25–26, 248
earth: evolution of, 203–4, 212–16, 221–23
Edenspace, 121, 132
eggs, 257-59, 265-66, 270
Elysia chlorotica. See sea slugs
energy costs
and benefits of energy independence, 238–39
Tiesen/Pyramid Farms concerns about, 230–35, 237–38
environment
energy independence and, 238–39
nitrogen’s effects on, 108n
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 120, 121, 125
Ephron, Nora, 164
epigenesis theory, 259
ethanol, 341, 342
eukaryotes, 206–8, 207n, 208n, 209, 341–42, 344
experiments, scientific
in eighteenth century England, 93–94
and founding of Royal Society, 44–45
Kassinger’s education and, 36–39
medieval era and, 31–32
plant physiology and, 71
quantitative methods for, 170
See also specific person or experiment
extreme gardening, 83
Fagon, Guy-Crescent, 253–54
Farmer, Charles, 3–4, 5–7, 9–12, 14–15, 16, 31, 317–18, 323–24
Farmer, Susan, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15–16, 31, 317
ferns, 25, 213–14. See also type of fern
fertilization
self-, 295n
See also reproduction
fertilizers
for Buddha’s Hand tree, 113–14
for fruit cocktail tree, 325
for houseplants, 125
for Kassinger’s conservatory, 246
A Garden of Marvels Page 30