Invisible Armies: An Epic History of Guerrilla Warfare From Ancient Times to the Present
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Jiangxi Province, 319, 332–35, 338
jihad, jihadists, 54, 130, 162, 174, 484, 519, 521, 523, 564
Afghanistan and, 484, 487, 496, 499, 530
U.S. damage to, 527
Jihad Inc., 522
“jihad trail,” 496
Jinggang Mountains, 333
“John Brown’s Body” (song), 217
John of Fordun, 47, 49
John of Lorne, 46, 48–49
Johnson, Lyndon, 384, 417, 420, 423, 533
Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 497, 533
Joint Security Stations, 542
Joint Special Operations Command, U.S., 532
Joint Special Operations Task Force, U.S., 548
Jomini, Antoine-Henri de, 9, 90, 91
Jordan, 283, 395, 462, 473, 478, 526, 529, 547
Karameh battle in, 463–64
PLO expelled from, 464
Zarqawi and, 530, 531
Jordanes, 28
Josephus, Flavius, 1, 3, 4, 6, 23
Journal of the Disasters in Afghanistan, A (Sales), 169
Juárez, Benito, 122
Judaea, xxxii, 6–7, 9, 21, 23, 24, 154
Sicarii in, 208, 209
Judas Maccabeus, 6, 52, 54
Jugurtha, 20
Juhayman al-Uteybi, 478, 483
Jung Chang, 335–36
Junger, Sebastian, 488
Kabila, Laurent, 444
Kabul, 125, 127, 163–71, 479, 485–88, 493, 499, 500
British retreat from, 127, 163, 164–65, 167–68, 171, 325
Kabul Polytechnic Institute, 488
Kachin tribesmen, 306, 570
Kagan, Frederick, 534
Kalinga, 12
Kalyvas, Stathis, 562, 563
Kambula, Zulu defeat at, 128–29
kamikazes, Japanese, 504–5
Kandahar, 169, 170
Kansas, 141
“Bleeding” (1854–59), 202, 211–15, 222
Kaplan, Robert, 489, 496
Karameh, Battle of (1968), 463–64
Karine A (freighter), 472
Karmal, Babrak, 486
Karzai, Hamid, 416
Kashmir, 50, 479, 509, 523
Katyusha rockets, 510
Keane, Jack, 534
Keegan, John, 10, 31
Keeley, Lawrence, 11
Kelly, Ned, 51
Kelly, Patrocinio (Pat), 402
Kempeitai (Japanese secret police), 364
Kennan, George, 244
Kennedy, Hugh, 41
Kennedy, John F., 206, 374, 413, 414–15, 417
Kennedy, Robert F., 206, 414
Kenya, 297, 325, 392, 451, 455, 517
Mau Mau in (1952–60), 93, 318, 367, 375, 390, 391, 392, 404
“reconcentration” policies in, 381
U.S. embassy bombed in, 516
Kenyatta, Jomo, 325, 391
Keppel, Augustus, 76
Kerouac, Jack, 435
KGB, 452, 486, 492, 493, 499
Khalturin, Stepan, 237
Kharijites, 481
Khartoum, 266, 296, 395, 464
Khobar Towers bombing, 507, 521
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 482, 503, 506, 508
Khrushchev, Nikita, 414
Khyber Pass, 167, 169, 174
kidnappings, 224, 258, 343, 437, 447, 457, 458, 466, 510
Kim Il-sung, 346
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 229, 474
King Abdul Aziz University, 518
King David Hotel bombing, 325
King Fuad University (later Cairo University), 461
King Philip’s War (1675–76), 124, 138, 139
Kiowa, 144, 145
Kipling, Rudyard, 163, 165, 175, 187, 201
Kissinger, Henry, 423
Kitchener, Lord, 179, 182, 191–93, 196, 197, 255, 418
kleine Krieg, 60
klephts, 51, 103–4, 343, 489
Knowlton, Holly, 536
Koenigstein, François-Claudius, 263
Kolokotrónis, Théodorus, 103
Koran, 493, 505, 522
Korda, Alberto, 447
Korea, 364
see also North Korea; South Korea
Korean War, 388, 424
Kosovo, 107, 514
Kravchinski, Sergei, 261–62
Kropotkin, Peter, 229, 236, 519
Kropotkin, Prince Dimitry, 236
Krueger, Alan, 264
Kuala Lumpur, 319, 378, 380–81, 383
Kuhlmann, Brigitte, 450–52, 455
Ku Klux Klan (KKK), xxv, 210, 218–25, 235, 258, 262–63, 503, 569
anarchists compared with, 228, 234
OAS compared with, 375
size of, 260
Ku Klux Klan Act (1871), 223–24
Kuomintang, see Nationalist Party, Chinese
Kurdistan, 478, 514, 530
Kuwait, 395, 461, 469, 478, 520
labor unions, 233, 331, 430
Labour Party, British, 321, 324
La Cabaña prison, 441
Lacroix, Pamphile, 95
Ladysmith, 184, 195
La Higuera, 394, 446
Lake, Gerald, 130
Land and Freedom, 235
landmines, 254, 279, 360, 378, 463, 492
Lansdale, Edward Geary, xxi, 71, 399–417, 419, 425–26, 439, 441, 449, 476, 492, 562
Diem and, 407–13, 416, 421
fictional versions of, 400–401, 402, 413
Huk Rebellion and, 400–406
second South Vietnam tour of, 421–23
Lansdale, Helen, 402
“Lansdalism,” 408–9
Laos, 319, 354, 357, 395, 419, 425
La Poderosa, 434
Laqueur, Walter, xxi–xxii, 261
Lartéguy, Jean, 376, 537
Lashkar-e-Taiba, 479, 547–48
Latin America, 444, 447–49, 456, 537
death squads in, 448
independence in, 102, 123
oligarchies in, 434
Lattre de Tassigny, Jean de, 356
Law and Order Party, 211
Lawrence, Kans., 212, 214
Lawrence, Sarah, 275
Lawrence, T. E., xxv, 116, 273–89, 462, 538, 540, 544, 557, 566, 567
Charles Lee compared with, 68
coinage of appellation, 275
at Colonial Office, 282–84
Daraa incident and, 281–82, 284
death of, 284, 304
fame of, 275, 284, 413
as Feisal’s advisor, 275, 277
flagellation disorder of, 284–85
Giap compared with, 352
guerrilla warfare and, 45, 200, 278, 285–86
illegitimate birth of, 275–76
Mao compared with, 342
memoirs of, 281, 283, 285
Wingate compared with, 292, 296, 298, 301, 304
Woolls-Sampson compared with, 195
League for the Independence of Vietnam, see Vietminh
League of Nations, 283
Lebanon, xxix, 75, 453, 500–513, 524
civil war in, 467, 501, 509
French in, 282
Hezbollah in, 467, 478, 501–14, 548, 564
Israeli invasion of, 467, 471, 501, 503, 506, 510, 514, 548
Israeli withdrawal from, 510
PLO in, 464–68, 473, 501, 503
Leclerc, Victor Emmanuel, 97–99, 429
Lederer, William, 400–401
Le Duan, 425
Lee, Charles, 68, 71
Lee, Harry “Light Horse,” 74
Lee, Robert E., 74, 90, 216
leftist revolutionaries, as romantic figures, see radical chic
Lehi (Stern Gang), 325, 474, 476
Lémass, Sean, 252
Lenin, Vladimir Ilich, 240, 242, 243, 244, 431, 451
Lentaigne, Joe, 304
Lermontov, Mikhail Yurievich, 163
Lettow-Vorbeck, Paul von, 288
Lewis, Bernard, 208
Lewis, Mark Edward, 38
&nbs
p; Lexington and Concord, Battle of, 56, 65–67, 76
Lezaky, eradication of, 307
liberalism, 55, 271, 273, 330, 392
liberal revolutions, xxiv–xxvii, 56–57, 59–123, 475
achievements of, 122–23
Mazzini’s inspiration to, 110
Liberal Party, British, 193, 196, 255
Libya, 108, 266, 318, 394, 451, 456, 469, 514
Lidell-Hart, Basil, 286
Lidice, eradication of, 307
Lieber, Francis, 120
Lieber Code, 120
Life, 323
Life of Alexander the Great, The (Plutarch), 6
Lin Biao, 345
Lincoln, Abraham, 118, 120, 236, 527
literacy, 54–55, 95, 209, 218, 241
Little Beaver, Chief, 141
Little Big Horn, Battle of the (1876), 124, 127, 150, 151
Liverpool, 258, 321
Lloyd George, David, 193, 253, 255–56, 265
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 421, 422
Lombardy, 112, 116
London, 48, 76, 118, 185, 247, 250, 276, 515
anarchists in, 229–30, 232
post–World War II, 321–22
2005 bombing in, 527
Londonderry, 318, 391
London Times, 184–85, 187, 259
Long March, 114, 319, 335–40, 345
Long-Range Desert Group, 289
Long-Range Reconnaissance Patrols, 195, 419
Louis Napoleon, Emperor of France, 115, 119, 122
Louis XVI, King of France, 78, 206
Lovat, Lord, 291
low-intensity conflict, xxvi, 9, 44, 46, 273, 343, 415
Greek tradition of, 103–4
Luding Bridge, 319, 335, 336
Lufthansa, 458, 466
Lugard, Frederick, 183
Lumumba, Patrice, 443
Luzon, 395, 404, 405
Lyautey, Louis Hubert Gonsalve, xxi, 177–83, 200, 356, 368, 433, 493, 538
Lawrence compared with, 287
“population-centric” counterinsurgency and, 71, 127, 177–83, 399, 403
Templer compared with, 379, 384
Lyttelton, Oliver, 381
M-26-7, see 26th of July Movement
Ma’alot, 453
MacArthur, Arthur, 199
MacArthur, Douglas, 199, 307, 462
Maccabees, xxxii, 3, 6–7, 415
Macedonia, Macedonians, 6, 104, 260–61
MacGregor, Rob Roy, 51
Macnaghten, William, 166–67
Macready, Nevil, 253, 254, 256, 259
Madagascar, 125, 179, 181, 318, 326
Madrid:
bombing in (2004), 522, 527
Peninsular War and, 84–85, 87–90
Mae Enga, 11
magazines, 115, 209, 451, 531
Maggiore, Lake, 112, 116
Maginot, André, 372
Maginot Line, 348, 372
magneto, 364
Magsaysay, Ramón, 402–6, 421, 449, 494
Magyars, 17, 30
Mahdi, 483
Mahdist Army, see Jaish al Mahdi
Mahdist uprising, 182
Maiwand, Battle of (1878), 170
Maiwand district, 176
Maji-Maji, 193
Makhno, Nestor, 233
Malakand Field Force, 174, 175
Malakand Pass, 174
malaria, 100, 114, 279, 298, 300, 350, 444, 495
Malawi, 392
Malaya, xxv, 70, 196, 307, 319, 324, 377–93, 404, 416, 449, 540, 543–46, 562
civic action in, 384, 389
Huk Rebellion compared with, 403, 404
New Villages in, 382, 386, 417
suppression of communism in, 322, 325, 379–88, 399, 406, 419–20
see also Malaysia
Malayan People’s Anti-Japanese Army, 379
Malayan Races Liberation Army (MRLA), 379–80, 391–92
Malaysia, 387
Maliki, Nouri al-, 416, 544, 545
malnutrition, 300, 322
Mamluks, 42, 208
Manchu dynasty, 39, 40, 329, 330
Manchuria, 319, 343–46
Manchus, 17, 53
Mangin, Charles, 181–82
Manila, 395, 401, 404, 525
Manishtushu, 14
Maoists, 441, 447, 457, 477
Mao Zedong, xxi, xxiv, 329–38, 340–46, 393, 410, 476, 494, 566
bumpkin origins of, 329–30
Castro compared with, 429, 431, 436, 438, 440
cult of personality of, 115, 333
death of, 340, 476
education of, 330–31
Giap compared with, 352, 353
Guevara compared with, 434
Ho Chi Minh compared with, 349, 350, 352
as inspiration, xxv, 327, 346, 353, 380, 449, 489
Long March of, 114, 319, 335–40, 345
“luring the enemy in deep” strategy of, 334
marriages and womanizing of, 339–40
Nasrallah compared with, 508
outside assistance and, 343
as rebel from childhood on, 330
Tito compared with, 312, 340
triumph of, 322, 327, 346, 355, 558–59
Vietminh supported by, 363
warfare style of, 31, 32
writings of, 110, 340–43, 413, 431, 489, 524
“Mao Zedong Thought,” 338
maquis (French Resistance), 309, 312, 343, 348
Marathas, 129–30
March, Aleida, 435, 442
Marcos, Ferdinand, 405
Marcuse, Herbert, 456
Marighella, Carlos, 447–48, 524
Marine Corps, U.S., xviii, 79, 199–200, 216, 399, 482
counterinsurgency and, 540–41
in Lebanon, 484, 501–4, 506
in Marjah, 551–54
Raider operations of, 290, 291
in Vietnam War, 419
Marine Force Reconnaissance, xxviii
Marion, Francis, 72–74, 188, 290
Marjah meeting (Oct. 23, 2011), 551–55
Marlborough, 285
maroons, 63, 100
Marrakech, 124, 182
Marsala, 116
Marshall, George, 345
Marshall Plan, 323
Martí, José, 428, 431, 436
Marx, Karl, 110, 228, 229, 244
Marxism, 201, 232, 234, 323, 332, 437, 452
bankruptcy of, 476–77, 564
Castro and, 431
Guevara and, 441
personalism and, 416
Marxism-Leninism, 338, 443, 493
Marxist National Liberation Front, 391
Masada, 154
Mason-Dixon Line, 213
Massachusetts, 230
colonial, 10, 11, 122, 137
Massagetae, 17
mass media, 115, 209, 216–17, 233, 397–98, 469, 539, 559
Hezbollah and, 508, 511, 512, 513
Massoud, Ahmad Shah, 487–91, 496–97, 499, 500, 526
Massu, Jacques, 370, 371, 373
Masters, John, 175, 305
Matthews, Herbert L., 436–37
Mau Mau (1952–60), 93, 318, 367, 375, 390, 391, 392, 404
Maurice, Byzantine emperor, 54
Maximalists, 241
Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico, 122
Mazower, Mark, 308, 312
Mazzini, Giuseppe, 12, 110, 112, 113, 115, 122, 342, 475
McChrystal, Stanley, 539
McDonnell, James, 248
McKee, Dick, 252, 253
McKinley, William, 230
McMaster, H. R., 542
McNamara, Robert, 420, 534
Mecca, 276, 478, 483
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 109
Medes, 20
Medina, 277, 279, 280
Mediterranean Sea, xxxii, 106, 124, 203, 266, 276, 318, 478
Algerian War and, 371, 373
Megiddo, 9
Mehmet Ali, 106–7
Meinhof, Ulrike, 458
Meir
, Golda, 465, 466
Mekong Delta, 319, 354, 418, 424
Mendes-France, Pierre, 363
Mengele, Josef, 453
Mensheviks, 242
Meo, 353
Merrill, Lewis M., 222–24
Merrill’s Marauders, 304, 306
Mesopotamia, xxxii, 8, 9, 12–16, 27, 72, 137, 140, 308, 392, 555
Metacom (King Philip), 138, 139
Metternich, Prince, 110
Mexico, 51, 122, 148–49, 157, 570
civil war in, 273
political exile in, 427, 433, 434–35
Mexico City, 434–35
Mezentsov, Nikolai, 236
Middle Ages, 44–46, 59, 62, 138, 247, 260, 264
torture in, 364
middle class, 235, 241, 264, 523
Middle East, xxv, 6, 7, 9, 102, 274–87, 524
spread of Islam in, 42
Sykes-Picot Agreement and, 281
Mihailović, Dragoljub “Draža,” xxiii, 311, 312
Mikhailov, Alexander, 238
Milan, 112
Miles, Nelson A., 149, 151–52
Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, U.S., 418–21
militias, 220, 372, 419
in Afghanistan, 489, 499
black, 221–22
of Boers, 186–87
in Indochina, 356
in Iraq, 532, 533
in Lebanon, 283, 467, 501
in Northwest Frontier, 173
Red Guards, 341
of U.S. settlers, 146
Milner, Alfred, 196
Milorg, 307
Mina y Larrea, Martin Javier, 86
Ming dynasty, 40
Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla (Marighella), 447
Ministry of Public Works, Kuwaiti, 461
“minutemen,” 66, 122
Min Yuen, 380
Miot de Melito, Count, xv
Mississippi River, 140
Missolonghi, 106
Missouri, 212, 222
Mitterrand, François, 368
Mobile Field Brothels, 359
Mobutu, Joseph, 443, 444
Mockaitis, Thomas R., 390
Modern Warfare (Trinquier), 369
Modoc Indians, 12
Modun, Xiongnu Chanyu, 36, 54
Mogadishu, 65, 395, 452, 458, 521
Moguls, 53, 169
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, 481–82
Mohammed, Khalid Sheikh, 21, 524–25, 526
Mohawk Indians, 135–36, 139
Moloney, Ed, 257
Moltke, Helmuth von, the Elder, 109
Moncada army barracks, 432, 439, 440
Mongolia, 34, 319, 335
Mongols, 17, 20, 30, 40, 41, 208, 353
army of, 40, 42
tsarist Russia’s relations with, 157
Western (Zunghars), 39
Monongahela, massacre at the (1755), 132, 150
Montagnards, 353, 419
Montana, 150
Montefiore, Simon Sebag, 263
Montgomery, Bernard Law, 381, 462
Montoneros, 447
Morant, Harry, 197
Moravia, 57, 61
Morgan, Edward S., 136
Morice Line, 15, 372
Moro, Aldo, 458
Morocco, xxv, 124, 127, 199, 318, 368, 390, 513