by Dick Camp
Elder, Larry, 65
Elder, Les, 30
Ellis, D. W., Jr., 116, 118
Erskine, John “Tiger”, 103, 167
Eureka (transponder), 17
Everett, Charles, 173, 176–177
Fairbairn, William “Fearless Dan”, 42, 65
Farrell, Francis Thomas “Frank”, 213–214, 217–219, 221–229, 230, 231–232
F.F.I. (Forces Françaises de Interieur), 73
Fitch, Warren, 128–131
Fleet Radio Unit Pacific (FRUPAC), 89
Fox Company, 104, 106, 200–201, 202–204
Frink, Leslie R. “Bear”, 176, 177
Fuellkrug, Siegfried, 219, 224, 231
Gallaher, Winston, 206–207, 208
Gammon grenades, 71
Gavutu-Tanambogo, description of, 111; evacuation of, 85–86; Japanese defense of, 112–113; map of, 125; reinforcements and, 124, 126–131; Shands’ attack on, 109–111; U.S. landing on, 113–124
Geneva Convention, 75
German Information Bureau, 220, 228–229
German News Service, 228–229
Germany, China and, 215–217
Gilliand, Ira, 179, 181, 184
Glières Battalion, 69–70
Glières Plateau, 69–70
Goebbels, Paul Joseph, 228
Gray, Marvin M., 221, 222, 223–225, 231
Griffith, Samuel B., II, code name for, 101; Edson and, 163; Edson’s Ridge and, 164, 169, 170, 175, 177, 178–179, 181; on Tulagi, 89, 97–98, 99, 100, 103, 105
Group X-Ray, 95
Group Yoke, 95
Grumman F4F Wildcat fighters, 109, 111, 165
Guidone, Frank, 105, 168, 169–170, 177–178
Halifax bomber, 41–42, 44–45
Hall, Virginia, 18–19
Hall, William M.., 109
Halsey, William, 204, 211
Hashimoto Construction Force, 87
Haute Savoie, 69–71
Hawkins, Jess, 157
Hayes, Harold A., 130
Heise, Erich, 219, 221–224, 228, 231
Heissig, Walter, 224, 231
Heitz, Martin “Jeeper”, 173, 175
Herbert, Vice Consul, 228
Higgins boats, 94, 96, 98, 107, 115–116, 193
Hirohito, Emperor, 213
Hitler, Adolf, 76, 215, 219
HMML-480, 30
HMML-483, 30
HMS Hartland, 29, 30, 31–32, 33, 35–36, 37–40
HMS Walney, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 36–37
Hoffman, Jon T., 163, 164, 197
Holcomb, Franklin P., 10
Holcomb, Thomas, 6–7, 21, 92
Holtom, Gerald “Jerry”, 141–142, 150, 153
Hoover, J. Edgar, 8
Horn, Robert F., 36, 40
“House of Horrors”, 42
Howard, Marcellus J., 115
Howard, Robert M., 119–120, 124
Howland, Benjamin C., Jr., 97
Hudson, Duane, 45, 50–51, 52, 57
Ibn Saud, 22–23
IBS (inflatable boat, small), 147
Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), 90–91
Isibashi, Tetsuji, 179, 183
Iwo Jima campaign, 106
Japanese Special Landing Force, 90–91
Jersey, Stanley Coleman, 89, 91, 110, 117, 168
Johnson, Richard W., 126, 133
Joint Intelligence Center-Pacific Ocean Area (JICPOA), 90–91
Kamikazes, 225
Kanemitsu, Warrant Officer, 141, 154
Kawaguchi, Kiyotake, 168–169, 170, 171–172, 175, 176, 177, 185
Kawanishi H6K4 Type 97 flying boats (“Mavis”), 110, 111
Kawanishi Type 2 flying boats, 155
Kazuo, Kobayashi, 223, 225
Kempeitai, 218
Kennedy, John F., 209
Key, Eugene M., 97, 101
Kiesel, Leonard, 113–115, 117, 118, 120
King, Ernest J., 91, 92, 143
Kokusho, Yukichi, 168, 170, 172, 179, 184
Kolb, Major, 75–76
Kriegsmarine, 77
Kriegsorganisation (KO), 216–217, 222, 226
Krulak, Victor H., 189, 190–191, 193–194, 197, 199–200, 202, 203–205, 206, 209–210
Kure 3rd Special Naval Landing Force, 86, 89–91, 112
Landing Craft Rubber, Large (LCR(L)), 147
Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel (LCVP). See Higgins boats
Landing Tank Lighters, 131–132
LaSalle, Robert, 65, 69, 72, 81
LCA assault boats, 27
Lee-Enfield rifles, 71
Lees, Michael, 44–45, 48–49, 55, 57
LeFrancois, Wilfred S. “Frenchy”, 141, 150, 151–153, 155–156, 157, 159
Lord, Arthur, 189–190
MacArthur, Douglas, 90–91
Makin Atoll/Island, 135, 137, 139
Makin Raid, Japanese air attack and, 155–156; landing and, 145–155; lead up to, 135–137, 138–139, 143–145; map of, 138; plan for, 141–143; retreat from, 156–160; training for, 140–141
Malaita Island, 85
Mansfield, Walter R., background of, 42–43; on Chetniks, 56–57; field operations and, 50–54; leaving Yugoslavia, 58–61; Mihailovich and, 55–56; in Yugoslavia, 44–48
Mantooth, Homer, 65
Marine Corps Reserve, 42
Marine Operational Group Union II, 69–70
Marine Parachute Training School, 42
Marlag/Milag Nord, 77–78, 79
Marshall, George C., 8, 16
Maruyama, Junta, 86, 89
Masuda, Hajimu, 221–222
McCall, William, 140, 144, 145, 158, 159
McKennan, William J., 167, 184
Meisinger, Joseph Albert, 216, 217, 218
Mers-el-Kebir, 11, 29
Mielke, John W., 166, 172, 176, 183
Mihailovich, Draza, 43, 46–48, 54–56, 57, 61
Miller, C. W. “Bill”, 85
Miller, Charles A., 120–122, 123
Mills anti-personnel grenades, 71
Mitsuwa, Toshichi, 87, 112, 114
Mitsuwa anti-aircraft unit, 112
Miyagawa, Masaichiro, 110–111, 133
Miyazaki, Shignetoshi, 110, 112, 133
MO-4 (Military Operations Directorate), 43
“Moon Squadron”, 41–42
Moore, Robert W., 116, 118, 120, 122–124
Moran, Lawrence, 116, 118, 122, 124
Moran, Sherwood “Pappy”, 163–164
Mori, Yodoyama, 87, 89, 93
M-Special Unit, 187–188
Mukade Gata (Centipede Hill), 161–165
Muller, Frank J., 208
Muller, Herbert, 229
Muller, Maria, 224, 231
Murphy-Weygand Agreement, 11
Murray, James, 190–191
Nakajima A6M2 Type 2 sea fighters (“Rufe”), 110, 111
Nakajima Type 94 biplanes, 155
Nakajima Type 95 reconnaissance seaplanes, 155
National Security Act (1947), 24
National Socialist Organization for Germans in Foreign Countries (AO), 215–216
Naughton, Don, 79–80, 81
Neal, Henry, 167–168
Neville, Wendell C. “Buck”, 5, 6
Nickerson, Lloyd, 95, 96, 101–102, 166
Nickerson, Norman R., 120
Niemann, Hanz, 221–222, 228, 231
Nimitz, Chester W., 89, 137, 141, 143, 151, 156, 159, 160
No. 1 Commando, 26
No. 1 Parachute Training School (PTS), 65–67
No. 1 Section, 85
No. 6 Commando, 26
No. 138 (Special Duties) Squadron, 41–42
Northwest Task Force, 205–206, 207
Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 16, 18–19, 21
Office of the Coordinator of Information (COI), 8, 9, 16
Oka, Akinosuka, 161, 163
Onodera, Yoshimi, 179, 183, 184
Operation Anvil, 73, 78
Operation Blissful, 190, 196
, 198, 199, 205
Operation Buick, 70–75
Operation Reservist, 26, 29, 30, 40
Operation Ringbolt, 95
Operation Torch, 15–17, 20–21, 25–26
Operation Union, 68
Operation Watchtower, 95
Operational Group (OG), 69
Operations Order 2-42, 142
Oran Harbor, 26, 29, 30, 31, 33–36
Ortiz, Peter J., 67–70, 72–76, 77, 79–81
Otto, Johannes, 222, 228, 231
P-51 Mustangs, 70–71, 80
“Pack” howitzers, 98
Pallas, 31
Parti Populaire Français (PPF), 11
Partisans (Yugoslavia), 43, 56, 59, 61
Patton, George S., Jr., 3, 15, 26
Pearson, Drew, 65
Peatross, Oscar F., Choiseul and, 196–197; on equipment, 139–141; on Makin Atoll, 135–136, 139; on Makin Raid, 148, 149, 153–155, 157, 158; on submarines, 144–146; on Tulagi, 87, 94, 96–98
Peerschke, Heinz, 225, 231
Perry, Charles, 65, 69, 72, 76
Petard Grenade, 68
Pettus, Francis C., 98–99, 103, 105, 107
P.I.S.T. antigun guns, 71
Plain, Louis C., 25, 27, 29
Plumley, Merwyn “Plum”, 142, 149–150
Pollard, Tom, 167–168
POW camps, 77–78
Priboj, 53–54
propaganda, 215–216, 228–229
PT-59, 209
PT-236, 209
Puttkamer, Baron Jesco von, 216, 217, 228–229, 230, 231
Quantico, Virginia, 4, 42, 115, 193
Quirk, Brian, 147, 149
Radovich, Captain, 50, 51, 52
Rebecca navigation system, 17
Red Cross, 77–78
Reeves, Don G., 109, 111
reprisals, 57
Riggs, Frederick W., 130, 131
Rikusentai, 96, 99, 100, 105, 107, 113, 141
Ringway Airfield, 65–67
Risler, Jack, background of, 63–65; captivity and, 75–77; escape and, 79–80, 81; Operation Buick and, 70–75; at PTS, 65–67; Union II and, 69–70
Rogatica, 56
Romain, Alfred, 229, 231
Roosevelt, Franklin D., COI and, 8; Donovan and, 18, 43; Eddy and, 22, 23; 1st Marine Raider Battalion and, 92; French address by, 21; Holcomb and, 10; OSS and, 16; on son’s duty, 143; Yugoslavia and, 61
Roosevelt, James, 92, 143
Roosevelt, Kermit, 11, 13, 14–15, 16, 17
Rosecrans, Harold E., 95, 99
Rosneath, Scotland, 25
Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), 85
Royal Australian Navy, 187
Royalist Chetniks, 43, 45, 46–48, 55–57, 61
Rushton, Joe, 170, 175
RXB Landing Force, 86, 87, 89
Salmon, John “Black Jack”, 173
Sangigai, 197, 199, 200–205
Savo Island, 109
Schnell, Edward J., 207, 209
Scouting Squadron 71 (VF-71), 109, 111–112
Seitz, Albert B., 55, 56–58
Service d’ordre legionnaire (SOL), 11
Seton, Camden W., 187, 188–190, 191, 194, 196, 206, 208
Shands, Courtney, 109–110, 112
Shanghai Incident, 90–91
Shaw, D. M., 222
Shaw, Henry, 196
Shepherd, Charles E., Jr., 188–189
Shepherd, Edward, 179, 181
Sherman tank, 81
Siebert, Franz, 222, 228, 231
Siefken, Louis Theodor, 216–217, 226
Skinner, Leonard, 131, 132–133
Smith, George W., 143, 149, 167
Smith, Harris, 16
Smith, Holland M., 193
Smith, John J., 126, 129
Smith, Michael S., 162
Smith, Robert L., 185
Smith, Thomas D. “T.D.”, 95, 100, 173
Special Naval Landing Forces (SNLF), 90–91
Special Operations Executive (SOE), 41
Spencer, Cecil E., 126
Spencer, Richard K., 36
Spotts, Melvin, 153, 156, 157
Springfield rifles, 92, 178
SS Orbita, 32
SS Parme, 29
SS Richebourg, 29
SS-Feldgendarmie, 79
SS-Totenkopfverbände, 76
Stalag VII A, 77
Sten guns, 71
Stigler, Stephen, 159–160
Stock, August, 224, 231
Strategic Services Unit (SSU), 218, 224
“Strings” group, 13
Strong, George, 15–16
Stuart light tanks, 98
Suez Canal, 22–23
Suzukaze, 171
Suzuki, Masaaki, 93, 103
Sweeney, James S., 78
Sweeney, John B., 101, 105, 166, 167, 171, 173, 175, 179, 181, 183
Sweeney, Robert J., 132
Tam Ping Kuo (Bianca Tam, Bianca Sannino), 226
Tamura, Masao, 168, 179, 183
Tanaka, W. O. Kikuo, 87, 90
Task Force 11 (TF 11), 89
Task Force 17 (TF 17), 89
Tassels, 13–14
Taylor, Walter, 78–79, 80, 81
Terra Incognita Plan, 141–143
Thomas, Gerald C. “Jerry”, 5, 163, 164, 185–186, 190–191
Thomason, Clyde, 150, 152–153
Tito, Josip B., 43, 54–55, 56, 57, 61
Torgerson, Harry L., 124, 127, 184
Transport Group Yoke, 93
Tregaskis, Richard, 94, 186
Tulagi, American attack on, 93–99; description of, 86; evacuation of, 85–86; Japanese on, 86–87, 89–91; Japanese strafing of, 85; map of, 88; Raider attack on, 99–107
Twinning, Merrill B., 162–163, 164, 177, 184
Typhon, 31, 35, 37
U-boats, 32
Ulbricht, Oswald, 221–222, 228, 231
U.S. Naval Air Station Parachute Riggers School, 64
U.S. Navy Advance Base Unit, 27
USS Argonaut, 137, 139, 148, 157
USS Arizona, 143, 193
USS Buchanan, 94, 99, 114, 123, 131
USS Colhoun, 96
USS Conway, 195, 196
USS Enterprise, 112
USS Grampus, 187
USS Gregory, 96
USS Heywood, 95, 113, 115, 116, 119
USS Hopkins, 94, 114
USS Hovey, 114
USS Lexington, 89
USS Little, 96, 98
USS McKean, 96
USS Monssen, 94, 99, 114, 116, 123
USS Murphy, 22–23
USS Nautilus, 135–137, 145–146, 147–148, 150, 151, 155, 157, 159
USS Nevada, 143
USS Neville, 93, 95, 115, 118, 127
USS Quincy, 22–23, 94
USS San Juan, 94, 96, 99, 114, 116
USS Saratoga, 123
USS Solace, 106
USS Trever, 114
USS Wasp, 93, 109
USS Yorktown, 89
Vandegrift, Alexander A., 92, 95, 107, 116–117, 163, 167, 193, 209
“Venezzia” Division, 53
VF-5, 170
Vichy government, 10–11, 26, 30
Visegrad, 55–56
VMF-223s, 165, 170
VMF-224, 170
Vorwaller, Richard N., 128–129
VSB-6 (Scout Bombing Squadron), 112
Waddell, A. N. A. “Nick”, 187, 188–190, 195, 196
Walling, Michael G., 32–33
Walt, Lewis W. “Silent Lew”, 97–98, 101, 102–103, 167
Watanabe, Kusukichi, 168, 184
Western Task Force, 26
Whaling, William J., 185, 186
Whittaker, Fred, 31, 32, 36, 38–39
Whittelsey, Frank R., 179, 181
Williams, Robert H., 113–114, 115, 120, 121, 189, 190
Wilson, Rahland, 206–207
Winchester folding stock carbines, 70
women, OSS and, 18
Wong, Rosaline, 226
Wright, S. Downs, 109, 111
Wukovits, John, 137, 149
X-2 Counter-Espionage Section Branch, 218, 220
Yokohama Air Corps, 85, 110, 111–112, 132, 141
Yoshimoto, Kakichi, 87, 89–90, 93
Yoshimoto Detachment, 90, 93
Young, Howard, 152
Young, Walter Xavier, 121, 122–123
Youngdeer, Robert S., 172, 176–177
Yugoslavia, 41–42, 43, 44–57
Zech, Irmagard, 227
Zero fighters, 110, 155, 165
To all those warriors who remain in the shadows.
Colonel William A. Eddy, World War I hero and head of all OSS operations in North Africa in 1942–43. He developed an agent network that greatly assisted the Allied landing during Operation Torch. Author’s collection
Sergeant Jack Risler, who received the Silver Star for heroic action as a member of Operational Group Union II, which parachuted into southern France in 1944 to help the French Resistance. National Archives
Colonel William A. Eddy, in Marine uniform, was the official translator for Saudi Arabian King Ibn Saud and President Roosevelt aboard the USS Quincy in February 1945. National Archives
General Drazha Mihailovich, leader of the Serbian Chetnik guerrilla group. U.S. Government Photo
OSS Captain Walter Mansfield (extreme right), British Lt. Col. D.T. Hudson (center) and OSS Col. Albert B. Seitz (left) liaison officers to the Yugoslavia Chetniks. U.S. Government Photo
OSS Operational Group Union II at the funeral of Sgt. Charles L. Perry, a team member killed in the parachute drop into France. Left to right: Maj. Peter Ortiz, Capt. Francis Coolidge (U.S. Army), Sgt. Robert E. Lasalle, Sgt. John P. Bodnar, Sgt. Frederick I. Brunner, and Sgt. Jack Risler. USMC Photo
Marine Raiders disembarking from a fast transport (APD) in ten-man rubber boats (LCP-R). USMC Photo
Before and after photographs of Tulagi after the naval bombardment. USN Photo
Gavutu-Tanambogo as seen by a carrier plane off the USS Wasp after early morning air strikes. The islets were captured by the 1st Marine Parachute Battalion after heavy fighting. USMC Photo
Tanambogo after the naval bombardment on 7 August 1942. USN Photo
Lieutenant Colonel Carlson (left) and Major James Roosevelt (commanding officer and executive officer, respectively, of the 2nd Raider Battalion) holding a Japanese battle flag after returning from the 17 August 1942 raid on Makin Island. National Archives
Marine Raiders retuning to Pearl Harbor after their raid on Makin Island. Many of them have on dyed shirts to help camouflage them during the night landing. USMC Photo