The New York Approach: Robert Moses, Urban Liberals and the Redevelopment of the Inner City, Ohio State University Press, 1993 – Joel Schwartz
Urban Theory and Urban Experience: Encountering the City, Routledge, London, 2004 – Simon Parker
The Urban Lifeworld: Formation, Perception and Representation, Routledge, London, 2002 – Peter Madsen and Richard Plunz
Starting From Zero: Reconstructing Downtown New York, Routledge, London, 2003 – Michael Sorkin
The New Deal and the Unemployed: The View from New York City, Bucknell University Press, 1979 – Barbara Blumberg
This Wild Darkness: The Story of My Death, Fourth Estate, London, 1996 – Harold Brodkey
AIDS, Cultural Analysis/Cultural Activism, MIT Press, London, 1988 – Douglas Crimp
FILMS
Video of Spanish television documentary on Robert Mapplethorpe, 1980s, box 196, Robert Mapplethorpe Papers, J. Paul Getty Trust, Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles
Whitney Opening with Robert Mapplethorpe, 1988, Robert Mapplethorpe Papers, J. Paul Getty Trust, Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles
Robert Mapplethorpe with Peter Van de Klashorst, 1984, box 196, Robert Mapplethorpe Papers, J. Paul Getty Trust, Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles
Black, White + Gray: A Portrait of Sam Wagstaff and Robert Mapplethorpe by James Crump, 2007
Arena, by Nigel Finch, 1988, box 196, Robert Mapplethorpe Papers, J. Paul Getty Trust, Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles
Lady, by Robert Mapplethorpe, 1984, box 197, Robert Mapplethorpe Papers, J. Paul Getty Trust, Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles
Dream of Life, by Steven Sebring, 2008
Mr Mackridge Interviews Mr Moses, 1963, 01144, New York World’s Fair 1964–65 Corporation Records, New York Public Library, New York City
The Man Who Built New York, 1963, 00642, New York World’s Fair 1964–65 Corporation Records, New York Public Library, New York City
New York New York: The Fair Face of Robert Moses, 00668, New York World’s Fair 1964–65 Corporation Records, New York Public Library, New York City
Cruising directed by William Friedkin, 1980
SOUND RECORDINGS
Unisphere Presentation, 1964, 01175, New York World’s Fair 1964–65 Corporation Records, New York Public Library, New York City
Press Conference on Arterials, 1963, 01123, New York World’s Fair 1964–65 Corporation Records, New York Public Library, New York City
The Coral Sea by Patti Smith, 2008
Patti Smith: The Classic Interview, 2009
ONLINE SOURCES
1853 NYC World’s Fair exhibition programme
‘Off the Shelf’, article in the New Yorker, 10 October 2011
‘The Other Mapplethorpe’ article in the Observer, 2007
ZIP Magazine Interview with Edward Mapplethorpe (YouTube)
‘The Eye of Sam Wagstaff’ by Bruce Hainley, Artforum, April 1997
‘American Experience: The World That Moses Built’, PBS documentary (You Tube)
1964/65 World’s Fair Futurama Ride film (YouTube)
The Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation
INTERVIEWS CONDUCTED
Patricia Morrisroe, author, biographer of Robert Mapplethorpe
Sarah Forbes, Curator, Museum of Sex, New York City
Yona Backer, Founder of Third Streaming, Agent of The Alvin Baltrop Trust, New York City
ARCHIVES/MUSEUMS/EXHIBITIONS VISITED
Third Streaming, home of Alvin Baltrop estate, New York City
Robert Moses Papers, New York World’s Fair 1964–65 Corporation Records, Walt Whitman Papers, New York Public Library, New York City
Robert Mapplethorpe Papers, Sam Wagstaff Papers, J. Paul Getty Trust, Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles
National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh
Robert Mapplethorpe Collection, National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh
‘Pioneers of the Downtown Scene, New York 1970s’, Barbican, London, 2011
‘Robert Mapplethorpe: Nightwork’, Alison Jacques Gallery, London, 2011
‘Ballad of Sexual Dependency’, Whitney Museum, New York City, 2013
‘Hard Times’ Tour, Tenement Museum, New York City, 2008 & 2013
High Line Park, New York City, 2013
Museum of the City of New York, New York City, 2013 Museum of Sex, New York City, 2013
Times Square Visitor Center, New York City, 2013
Acknowledgements
I wouldn’t have been able to write this book without the love and support of my husband, best friend and writing partner, Ben Smart, with whom I can accomplish anything.
Thank you to everyone at Picador and Pan Macmillan for welcoming me so warmly. Thank you to Paul Baggaley and Sophie Jonathan for their passionate belief, intelligent editing, and for making this a better book. Thank you also to Nicholas Blake for his attention to detail, to Lucie Cuthbertson-Twiggs for her ideas, and to Ami Smithson for her exquisite artwork.
Thank you to Sophie Lambert for her inexhaustible faith, determination, and friendship, and to the foreign rights team at Conville & Walsh for their hard work.
Thank you to Mum and Dad for their encouragement, support and belief, and for never suggesting I ‘get a proper job’.
Thank you to Elsie Jenkins – reader, writer, thinker – she showed me the ropes.
Thank you to Kirsty, Rhiannon, Karl, Jude, Eda, Gary, Patricia, Alan, Liz, Rachel, David, Rosie and Jacca for their unconditional love, which has sustained me.
To my fellow lister and bosom friend, Kirsten Irving – thank you for championing me on a weekly basis, for pointing out all the things I have done, and for encouraging me to complete all the things still left to do.
Thank you to all who read the book in its early stages: Lauren Frankel, Nick DeSpain, Joe Dunthorne, Tom Benn, Mischa Pearlman and Tommy Karshan. Thank you to Phil Cooper for his beautiful designs and to Armando Celayo for his advice.
To the best friends a woman could have: Daisy Bourne, Beth Settle, Alex Ivey and Shubhangi Swarup – thank you for the pep talks, and for making me laugh.
Thank you to Natasha Soobramanien and Luke Williams for giving me the confidence to write this to begin with.
Thank you to the best teachers I’ve ever had, Andrew Cowan and Ian Hinde, who taught me the art of self-belief.
Thank you to Jean McNeil and Ali Smith for making me realize what I could do, for their support and encouragement, and for their incredible books, which have inspired me.
Thank you to Val Taylor, Michèle Roberts, Patricia Duncker, David Flusfeder, and Bernardine Evaristo for steering me onto the right road, and thank you to Cathi Unsworth for ensuring I stay on it.
I’d like to thank the following institutions for allowing me to access their archives and collections during my research for this book: thank you to the National Galleries of Scotland; the National Library of Scotland; the Edinburgh Public Library; the New York Public Library; the Getty Research Institute; the Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation; New York’s Museum of Sex; and Third Streaming.
Thank you to Patricia Morrisroe, Sarah Forbes, Yona Backer and Isabel Vincent for their valuable time.
Thank you to Will Boast and Johnny Levin for providing me with a home in America.
I am also indebted to the many biographers, historians, art critics and urban commentators (listed on pages 268 –76) whose work contributed to my research, and without whom this book couldn’t have been written.
I have been lucky enough to have had feedback, professional advice and letters of support from many individuals and organizations. Thank you to Martin Pick, Chris Gribble, Jon Cook, George Szirtes, Kevin Conroy-Scott, Briony Bax, everyone at Ambit, the Writers Centre Norwich, and the board of the Charles Pick Fellowship.
Thank you to the University of East Anglia, which has nurtured my writing over many years.
I am also grateful to Arts Council England for their generous grant.
Thank you to those
whose work has helped me to indulge my obsession with New York City during the writing of this book: Lou Reed, Woody Allen, and Tom Meyers and Greg Young from the Bowery Boys (www.boweryboyshistory.com).
Thank you to Todd Haynes, whose film, I’m Not There, provided the light bulb moment.
Thank you to Don DeLillo, whose books have inspired me and made me a better writer.
Thank you to the artists whose work lit a fire in my belly: Patti Smith, Laurie Anderson, Nan Goldin, Gordon Matta-Clark, Richard Serra, Alvin Baltrop, Jacob Riis, Steven Sebring, Edward Mapplethorpe, Edward J. Steichen, David Wojnarowicz, and Dexter Dalwood.
And thank you to the subjects at the heart of it all: to New York City, which opened my eyes, and to Robert Mapplethorpe, Edmund White, Robert Moses and Walt Whitman, who showed me which way to look.
Megan Bradbury was born in the United States and grew up in Britain. She has an MA in Creative Writing from the University of East Anglia. In 2012 she was awarded the Charles Pick Fellowship at UEA and in 2013 she won an Escalator Literature Award and a Grant for the Arts to help fund the completion of Everyone is Watching, which is her first novel.
First published 2016 by Picador
This electronic edition published 2016 by Picador
an imprint of Pan Macmillan
20 New Wharf Road, London N1 9RR
Associated companies throughout the world
www.panmacmillan.com
ISBN 978-1-5098-0977-6
Copyright © Megan Bradbury 2016
Design: Ami Smithson, Pan Macmillan art department
Jacket photograph: goZooma/Plainpicture,
inner case photograph Raymond Depardon/Magnum
The right of Megan Bradbury to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Another version of Chapter 17 first appeared in Issue 214 of Ambit magazine (2013).
Pan Macmillan does not have any control over, or any responsibility for, any author or third-party websites referred to in or on this book.
You may not copy, store, distribute, transmit, reproduce or otherwise make available this publication (or any part of it) in any form, or by any means (electronic, digital, optical, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Visit www.picador.com to read more about all our books and to buy them. You will also find features, author interviews and news of any author events, and you can sign up for e-newsletters so that you’re always first to hear about our new releases.
Everyone is Watching Page 18