The Art of Rivalry
Page 33
PLATE 9
Édouard Manet, The Execution of Maximilian, 1867–68. National Gallery, London. NG3294. © National Gallery, London / Art Resource, NY.
PLATE 10
Henri Matisse, Woman in a Hat, 1905. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Photo courtesy AMP. © 2015 Succession H. Matisse / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
PLATE 11
Henri Matisse, Portrait of Marguerite, 1907. 25 ½ x 21 ¼ inches (65 x 54 cm). RF1973-77. Photo: René-Gabriel Ojéda. © Succession H. Matisse / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
PLATE 12
Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907. Museum of Modern Art, New York. © Succession Picasso / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York. Digital Image © The Museum of Modern Art/Licensed by SCALA / Art Resource, NY.
PLATE 13
Jackson Pollock, Cathedral, 1947. Dallas Museum of Art, Texas, U.S.A. Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Bernard J. Reis/Bridgeman Images. © 2016 Pollock-Krasner Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
PLATE 14
Willem de Kooning, Excavation, 1950, by Art Institute of Chicago, IL, U.S.A. De Agostini Picture Library/M. Carrieri/Bridgeman Images. © 2016 The Willem de Kooning Foundation / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York.
TO JO, TOM, AND LEILA WITH LOVE
SOURCES AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Several major biographies and exhibition catalogs were crucially important to me in writing this book, and I wish to thank the relevant authors, curators, and institutions for making the stories and information in them publicly available in such clear-eyed, exciting, and authoritative ways. I wholeheartedly recommend the relevant books to all readers interested in the subjects I have addressed.
They are: (for the chapter on Freud and Bacon) Michael Peppiatt’s exhibition catalog Francis Bacon in the 1950s (New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press, 2006), Michael Peppiatt’s biography Francis Bacon: Anatomy of an Enigma (New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2009), and William Feaver’s exhibition catalog, Lucian Freud (London: Tate Publishing, 2002); for the chapter on Manet and Degas: Roy McMullen’s Degas: His Life, Times, and Work (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1984), Degas, the catalog for the exhibition organized by Jean Sutherland Boggs with Douglas W. Druick, Henri Loyrette, Michael Pantazzi, and Gary Tinterow (New York and Ottawa: Metropolitan Museum of Art and National Gallery of Canada, 1988), and Manet 1832–1883, the catalog of the exhibition organized by François Cachin and Charles S. Moffett with Michel Melot (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1983); for the chapter on Matisse and Picasso: Hilary Spurling’s The Unknown Matisse: A Life of Henri Matisse, Volume 1, 1869–1908 (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1998) and Matisse the Master: A Life of Henri Matisse, Volume 2, The Conquest of Color, 1909–1954 (London: Hamish Hamilton, 2005), John Richardson’s A Life of Picasso, Volume 1, 1881–1906 (London: Pimlico, 1992) and A Life of Picasso, 1907–1917: The Painter of Modern Life, Volume II, (London: Pimlico, 1997), and Matisse Picasso, the catalog for the exhibition organized by Elizabeth Cowling, John Golding, Anne Baldassari, Isabelle Monod-Fontaine, John Elderfield, and Kirk Varnedoe (London: Tate Publishing, 2002); for the chapter on Pollock and de Kooning: Mark Stevens and Annalyn Swan’s de Kooning: An American Master (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005), John Elderfield’s exhibition catalog, De Kooning: A Retrospective (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2011), Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith’s Jackson Pollock: An American Saga (Aiken, SC: Woodward/White, 1989), and Kirk Varnedoe and Pepe Karmel’s exhibition catalog, Jackson Pollock (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1998).
In addition to these books, I was inspired and provoked by two superb essays. The first, James Fenton’s “A Lesson from Michelangelo,” was published in The New York Review of Books on March 23, 1993. The second, Adam Phillips’s “Judas’ Gift,” appeared in the London Review of Books 34, no. 1, on January 5, 2012.
I would like to express my indebtedness to the Newport Beach Public Library Foundation, especially Janet Hadley and Tracy Keys, whose generous invitation to deliver a talk crystallized the idea for this book. A special order of thanks goes to early readers David Ebershoff, Cecily Gayford, Andrew Franklin, Caitlin McKenna, Michael Heyward, Rebecca Starford, Sam Nicholson, Thomasine Berg, William Feaver, Andrea Rose, my wonderful agent Zoe Pagnamenta, and above all my wife, Jo Sadler. Moral support and encouragement were provided along the way by Daniel Crewe, Jeremy Eichler, James Parker, Geordie Williamson, Royal Hansen, Susan Hamilton, Adam Gopnik, Helen A. Harrison, Ben and Judy Watkins, Anne Dunn, William Corbett, Mark Feeney, Peter Schjeldahl, George Shackelford, Rebecca Ostriker, Veronica Roberts, Michael Smee, Ann-Margret Smee, Stephanie Smee, Margery Sabin, Dan Chiasson, and William Cain, among others. My deepest thanks to them all.
Other books and sources that supplied valuable information are listed here by chapter:
LUCIAN FREUD AND FRANCIS BACON
BOOKS
Bruce Bernard and Derek Birdsall, Lucian Freud (London: Jonathan Cape, 1996).
Caroline Blackwood, Anne Dunn, Robert Hughes, John Russell, and an Old Friend, Lucian Freud Early Works (exhibition catalog) (New York: Robert Miller Gallery, 1993).
Leigh Bowery and Angus Cook, Lucian Freud: Recent Drawings and Etchings (New York: Matthew Marks Gallery, 1993).
Cressida Connolly, The Rare and the Beautiful: The Lives of the Garmans (London: Harper Perennial, 2005).
Cecil Debray, Lucian Freud: The Studio (exhibition catalog) (Paris: Éditions du Centre Pompidou/Munich: Hirmer Verlag GmbH, 2010).
Daniel Farson, The Gilded Gutter Life of Francis Bacon (London: Vintage, 1993).
William Feaver, Lucian Freud (exhibition catalog) (Milano: Electa, 2005).
———, Lucian Freud (New York: Rizzoli, 2007).
———, Lucian Freud Drawings (exhibition catalog) (London: Blain/Southern, 2012).
Starr Figura, Lucian Freud: The Painter’s Etchings (exhibition catalog) (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2007).
Lucian Freud, Some Thoughts on Painting (Paris: Éditions du Centre Pompidou, 2010).
Matthew Gale and Chris Stephens, Francis Bacon (exhibition catalog) (London: Tate Publishing, 2008).
Martin Gayford, Man in a Blue Scarf: On Sitting for a Portrait by Lucian Freud (London: Thames & Hudson, 2010).
Lawrence Gowing, Lucian Freud (London: Thames & Hudson, 1984).
Geordie Grieg, Breakfast with Lucian: A Portrait of the Artist (London: Jonathan Cape, 2013).
Kitty Hauser, This Is Francis Bacon (London: Laurence King Publishing, 2014).
Phoebe Hoban, Lucian Freud: Eyes Wide Open (New York: New Harvest/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014).
Sarah Howgate, Michael Auping, and John Richardson, Lucian Freud Portraits (London: National Portrait Gallery, 2012).
Sarah Howgate, Martin Gayford, and David Hockney, Lucian Freud: Painting People (London: National Portrait Gallery, 2012).
Robert Hughes, Lucian Freud Paintings (London: Thames & Hudson, 1989).
Hosaka Kenjiro, Masuda Tomohiro, and Suzuki Toshiharu, Francis Bacon (exhibition catalog) (Tokyo: National Museum of Modern Art, 2013).
Michael Kimmelman, Portraits (New York: Modern Library, 1999).
Catherine Lampert, Lucian Freud: Early Works 1940–58 (exhibition catalog) (London: Hazlitt Holland-Hibbert, 2008).
Andrew Lycett, Ian Fleming: A Biography (London: Orion Publishing, 2009).
Robin Muir, John Deakin/Photographs (Munich, Paris, London: Schirmer/Mosel, 1996).
Pilar Ordovas, Girl: Lucian Freud (exhibition catalog) (London: Ordovas, 2015).
Nicholas Penny and Robert Flynn Johnson, Lucian Freud Works on Paper (London: Thames & Hudson, 1989).
David Plante, Becoming a Londoner: A Diary (New York, London: Bloomsbury, 2013).
Francis Poole, Everybody Comes to Dean’s (New York: Poporo Press, 2012).
John Richardson, Sacred Monsters, Sacred Masters (London: Jonathan Cape, 2001).
John Russell, Lucian Freud (exhibition catalog) (London: Arts Council
of Great Britain, 1974).
———, Francis Bacon (London: Thames & Hudson, 1979).
Nancy Schoenberger, Dangerous Muse: The Life of Lady Caroline Blackwood (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2002).
Wilfried Seipel, Barbara Steffen, and Christoph Vitali, editors, Francis Bacon and the Tradition of Art (exhibition catalog) (Milan: Skira, 2003).
Sebastian Smee, Lucian Freud Drawings 1940 (New York: Matthew Marks Gallery, 2003).
———, Lucian Freud 1996–2005 (London: Jonathan Cape, 2005).
———, Lucian Freud (Cologne: Taschen, 2007).
———, Lucian Freud on Paper (London: Jonathan Cape, 2008).
Sebastian Smee, David Dawson, and Bruce Bernard, Freud at Work (London: Jonathan Cape, 2006).
David Sylvester, The Brutality of Fact: Interviews with Francis Bacon (London: Thames & Hudson, 1993).
———, Looking Back at Francis Bacon (New York: Thames & Hudson, 2000).
Michael Wishart, High Diver: An Autobiography (London: Blond & Briggs, 1977).
ARTICLES, FILMS, AND WEBSITES
Caroline Blackwood, “On Francis Bacon 1909–1992,” New York Review of Books, September 24, 1992.
Jonathan Jones, “Bringing Home the Bacon,” Guardian, June 22, 2001.
Michael Kimmelman, “Titled Bohemian; Caroline Blackwood,” New York Times Magazine, August 2, 1995.
Catherine Lampert, “The Art of Conversation,” Financial Times, November 30, 2011.
Jennifer Mundy, “Off the Wall,” Gallery of Lost Art, galleryoflostart.com.
Tom Overton, “British Council Venice Biennale,” venicebiennale.britishcouncil.org.
David Sylvester, “All the Pulsations of a Person,” Independent, October 24, 1993.
Randall Wright, Lucian Freud: Painted Life (documentary), UK, 2012.
ÉDOUARD MANET AND EDGAR DEGAS
BOOKS
Bridget Alsdorf, Fellow Men: Fantin-Latour and the Problem of the Group in Nineteenth-Century French Painting (Princeton, NJ, and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2013).
Carol Armstrong, Manet Manette (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002).
———, Odd Man Out: Readings of the Work and Reputation of Edgar Degas (Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2003).
Charles Baudelaire, The Flowers of Evil, edited by Marthiel Matthews and Jackson Matthews (New York: New Directions, 1989).
———, Intimate Journals (London: Picador, 1989).
———, The Painter of Modern Life and Other Essays (London: Phaidon, 1995).
Walter Benjamin, The Writer of Modern Life: Essays on Charles Baudelaire (Cambridge, MA, and London: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2006).
Joseph M. Bernstein, Baudelaire, Rimbaud, Verlaine: Selected Verse and Prose Poems (New York: Citadel Press, 1993).
Beth Archer Brombert, Edouard Manet: Rebel in a Frock Coat (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996).
Anita Brookner, The Genius of the Future: Essays in French Art Criticism (New York: Cornell University Press, 1971).
Roberto Calasso, La Folie Baudelaire (London: Allen Lane, 2012).
T. J. Clark, The Painting of Modern Life: Paris in the Art of Manet and His Followers (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984).
Guy Cogeval, Stéphane Guegan, and Alice Thomine-Berrada, Birth of Impressionism: Masterpieces from the Musée d’Orsay (San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco and DelMonico Books, 2010).
Marjorie Benedict Cohn and Jean Sutherland Boggs, Degas at Harvard (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Art Museums, 2005).
Jeffrey Coven, Baudelaire’s Voyages: The Poet and His Painters (Boston: Bullfinch Press, 1993).
James Cuno and Joachim Kaak, editors, Manet Face to Face (exhibition catalog) (London: Courtauld Institute of Art, 2004).
Jill DeVonyar and Richard Kendall, Degas and the Dance (exhibition catalog) (New York: Harry N. Abrams/American Federation of the Arts, 2002).
Ann Dumas, Colta Ives, Susan Alyson Stein, and Gary Tinterow, The Private Collection of Edgar Degas (exhibition catalog) (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997).
John Elderfield, Manet and the Execution of Maximilian (exhibition catalog) (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 2006).
Gloria Groom, Impressionism, Fashion, and Modernity (exhibition catalog) (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago, 2012).
Stéphane Guegan, Manet: Inventeur du Moderne (exhibition catalog) (Paris: Musée d’Orsay/Gallimard, 2011).
George Heard Hamilton, Manet and His Critics (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1954).
Louisine W. Havemeyer, Sixteen to Sixty: Memoirs of a Collector (New York: Ursus Press, 1993).
Anne Higonnet, Berthe Morisot (New York: Harper Perennial, 1999).
Kimberly A. Jones, Degas Cassatt (Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 2014).
Richard Kendall, editor, Degas by Himself (London: Time Warner, 2004).
John Leighton, Edouard Manet: Impressions of the Sea (exhibition catalog) (Amsterdam: Van Gogh Museum, 2004).
Nancy Locke, Manet and the Family Romance (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2001).
Patrick J. McGrady, Manet and Friends (exhibition catalog) (University Park, PA: Palmer Museum of Art, 2008).
Jeffrey Meyers, Impressionist Quartet: The Intimate Genius of Manet and Morisot, Degas and Cassatt (Orlando, FL: Harcourt, 2005).
Rebecca A. Rabinow, editor, Cézanne to Picasso: Ambroise Vollard, Patron of the Avant-Garde (exhibition catalog) (New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2006).
Theodore Reff, Degas: The Artist’s Mind (exhibition catalog) (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1976).
———, Manet and Modern Paris (exhibition catalog) (Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1982).
John Rewald, The History of Impressionism (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1973).
John Richardson, Edouard Manet: Paintings and Drawings (New York: Phaidon, 1958).
Anna Gruetzner Robins and Richard Thomson, Degas, Sickert, and Toulouse-Lautrec, London and Paris 1870–1910 (London: Tate Britain, 2005).
MaryAnne Stevens, Manet: Portraying Life (exhibition catalog) (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 2012).
Gary Tinterow and Geneviève Lacambre, Manet/Velázquez: The French Taste for Spanish Painting (exhibition catalog) (New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2002).
Gary Tinterow and Henri Loyrette, Origins of Impressionism (exhibition catalog) (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1994).
Paul Valéry, Degas, Manet, and Morisot (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1989).
Juliet Wilson-Bareau, Manet by Himself (London: Time Warner Books, 2004).
Juliet Wilson-Bareau and David C. Degener, Manet and the American Civil War (exhibition catalog) (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2003).
———, Manet and the Sea (exhibition catalog) (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2003).
ARTICLES
Norma Broude, “Degas’s ‘Misogyny,’ ” Art Bulletin 59, no. 1 (March 1977), pp. 95–107.
———, “Edgar Degas and French Feminism, ca. 1880: ‘The Young Spartans,’ the Brothel Monotypes, and the Bathers Revisited,” Art Bulletin 70, no. 4 (December 1988), pp. 640–59.
Andrew Carrington Shelton, “Ingres Versus Delacroix,” Art History 23, no. 5 (December 2000), pp. 726–42.
HENRI MATISSE AND PABLO PICASSO
BOOKS
Dorthe Aagesen and Rebecca Rabinow, Matisse: In Search of True Painting (New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2012).
Janet Bishop, Cecile Debray, and Rebecca Rabinow, The Steins Collect: Matisse, Picasso, and the Parisian Avant-Garde (New Haven, CT, and San Francisco: Yale University Press and San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 2011).
Yves-Alain Bois, Matisse and Picasso (exhibition catalog) (Paris: Flammarion, 1998).
Elizabeth Cowling, Picasso Style and Meaning (London: Phaidon, 2002).
Stephanie D’Alessandro and John Elderfield, Matisse: Radical Invention 1913–
1917 (exhibition catalog) (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago with Museum of Modern Art, New York, and Yale University Press, 2010).
Alex Danchev, Georges Braque: A Life (London: Hamish Hamilton, 2005).
John Elderfield, Henri Matisse: A Retrospective (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1992).
Jack Flam, Matisse on Art (Oxford: Phaidon, 1990).
———, Matisse and Picasso: The Story of Their Rivalry and Friendship (New York: Westview, 2003).
Françoise Gilot, Matisse and Picasso: A Friendship in Art (London: Bloomsbury, 1990).
Lawrence Gowing, Matisse (London: Thames & Hudson, 1996).
John Klein, Matisse Portraits (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001).
Dorothy Kosinski, Jay McKean Fisher, and Steven Nash, Matisse: Painter as Sculptor (exhibition catalog, Baltimore and Dallas: Baltimore Museum of Art and Dallas Museum of Art, 2007).
Brigitte Leal, Christine Piot, and Marie-Loure Bernadac, The Ultimate Picasso (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2000).
Henri Matisse and Pierre Courthion, Chatting with Henri Matisse: The Lost 1941 Interview (Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2013).
Ellen McBreen, Matisse’s Sculpture: The Pinup and the Primitive (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2014).
Fernande Olivier, Loving Picasso: The Private Journal of Fernande Olivier (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2001).
Rene Percheron and Christian Brouder, Matisse: From Color to Architecture (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 2004).
Peter Read, Picasso and Apollinaire: The Persistence of Memory (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008).
John Richardson, Picasso and the Camera (New York: Gagosian Gallery, 2014).
Joseph J. Rishel, editor, Gauguin, Cézanne, Matisse: Visions of Arcadia (exhibition catalog) (Philadelphia: Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2012).