taxation of colonies, 115–16, 155–56, 163, 302
See also Boston Tea Party (1773)
Thompson, Sir Charles, 191
Thorley Hall, 54
Thynne, Thomas, 3rd Viscount Weymouth, 194, 312
Tory party, 22, 23, 117
United States
lacking official British recognition, 217, 234
postwar treatment as foreigners, 326–27
See also American War of Independence
Verplanck, Gulian, 295n
Verplanck, Judith Crommelin, 294–95, 296
Verplanck, Samuel, 294, 295
Vesey, Elizabeth, 132
Villiers, Charlotte, Lady Clarendon, 108, 194
Villiers, Frances, Lady Jersey, 308
Villiers, George Bussy, 4th Earl of Jersey, 269, 270
Villiers, Thomas, 1st Earl of Clarendon, 148–49, 184, 194, 300, 402n
Wakefield Lodge, 119
Waldegrave, Maria, 319–20
Wallmoden, Amalie von, Countess of Yarmouth, 35, 47, 50, 65, 96–97
Walpole, Edward, 35–36, 320
Walpole, Horace
on Burgoyne, 251–52
on Howe family, women, 2, 70, 90, 91
remarks on society, 10, 50, 53, 70, 79, 91, 96, 104, 119, 185–86, 236, 261, 318
remarks on the war, 164, 178–79, 189, 253
on Richard Howe, 309
on William Howe, 252
Warde, Mary. See Clayton, Mary
War of Jenkins’ Ear, 30
War of the Austrian Succession, 30, 33
wars. See American War of Independence; French Revolutionary Wars; Seven Years’ War; War of Jenkins’ Ear; War of the Austrian Succession
Washington, George, 39
attempted negotiations with (1776), 217–20
Battle of Brandywine, 243
British on, 235, 264–65
compared to William Howe, 297–98
Delaware River crossing, 248
fighting tactics of, 214–15
image of, commanding admiration, 264–65
New Jersey stronghold of, 261
and New York fighting, 223, 225, 227
Richard Howe letter to, 216–17
Trenton battle, 248
Wealth of Nations (Smith), 326
Wedderburn, Alexander, 138
Wentworth, John (governor), 291
Wentworth, Thomas, 1st Earl of Strafford, 99
Wentworth, William, 270, 291
West, Benjamin, 98–99
West Wycombe House, 105
Whig party, 22–23, 117
See also Rockingham Whigs
William Augustus, Prince, Duke of Cumberland, 32, 33, 45, 46, 48, 56, 58, 61, 65, 123, 125, 187, 230
Willis, Francis (physician), 342
Wilton House, 19
Wimpole Hall (Cambridgeshire), 106
Winchelsea (ship), 55, 100–101
Wolfe, James, 55, 65, 82, 98–99
friendship with Howe family, 56
revered by Americans, 265–66
on William Howe, 72–73, 83–84
Wrottesley, Elizabeth, Duchess of Grafton, 122
Wurmb, Col. Ludwig von, 231, 232
Yarmouth, Lady. See Wallmoden, Amalie von
ALSO BY JULIE FLAVELL
When London Was Capital of America
Britain and America Go to War:
The Impact of War and Warfare in Anglo-America, 1754–1815
(co-edited with Stephen Conway)
Copyright © 2021 by Julie Flavell
All rights reserved
First Edition
For information about permission to reproduce selections from this book, write to Permissions, Liveright Publishing Corporation, a division of W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10110
For information about special discounts for bulk purchases, please contact W. W. Norton Special Sales at [email protected] or 800-233-4830
Jacket design: Yang Kim
Jacket art: (Caroline Howe and Benjamin Franklin)
The History Collection / Alamy Stock Photo; The Death of General Mercer at the Battle of Princeton, January 3, 1777 (oil on canvas), John Trumbull /Trumbull Collection, Yale University Art Gallery
Book design by Chris Welch
Production manager: Lauren Abbate
The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:
Names: Flavell, Julie, author.
Title: The Howe dynasty : the untold story of a military family and the women behind
Britain’s wars for America / Julie Flavell.
Other titles: Untold story of a military family and the women behind Britain’s wars for America
Description: First edition. | New York, NY : Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021005099 | ISBN 9781631490613 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781631490620 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Howe, Caroline, 1722–1814. | Howe family. | Great Britain—Foreign relations—1760–1789. | United States—History—Revolution, 1775–1783—British forces. | Great Britain. Army—Officers—Biography. | Families of military personnel—Great Britain—Biography. | Brothers and sisters—Great Britain—Biography. | Aristocracy (Social class)—Great Britain—Biography.
Classification: LCC DA512.H69 F53 2021 | DDC 973.3092/242—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021005099
Liveright Publishing Corporation, 500 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10110
www.wwnorton.com
W. W. Norton & Company Ltd., 15 Carlisle Street, London W1D 3BS
The Howe Dynasty Page 62