taken prisoners by Edward II.;
sentenced to perpetual imprisonment;
death of the elder in the Tower.
Mortimer, Roger, the younger,
his escape from the Tower;
Queen Isabel's affection for him;
anger of the nation at his display and presumption;
his arrest at Nottingham;
execution at Tyburn.
Morville, Hugh, murderer of Becket;
his armorial bearings.
Neustria, the district in France conquered by Rollo;
ceded to him by the king;
afterward termed Normandy.
New Forest, formation of, by William the Conqueror;
Richard, son of Robert Courtheuse, killed there;
death of William Rufus in.
Nicaea, Robert the Magnificent dies at;
the crusading army at.
Norham, conference at,
respecting the Crown of Scotland.
Norman Barons,
their character at the accession of Duke William.
Normandy, origin of its name;
sad state of, under William Rufus;
its troubles under Robert Courtheuse;
invasion and conquest of, by Henry I.;
lost to the English by John.
Normans, the, character of;
their exploits in Apulia;
put in possession of English estates;
beneficial effect of this on the English race;
their opinion of Hereward;
their rapacity in England;
support the popes against the emperors.
Northampton, council of,
proceedings against Becket at;
besieged by the Barons.
Northmen, the, account of;
their character as pirates;
as settlers;
gave the name to Normandy;
change in their character;
their inroads on Ireland.
See Normans.
Northumbria, the earldom of.
O'Connor, Roderick. King of Ireland;
his opposition to the invaders.
Odo, Bp. of Bayeux,
joins William the Conqueror in his invasion of England;
commands the reserve at Hastings;
representation of him in the Bayeux tapestry;
his disgrace and imprisonment;
released by Robert Courtheuse;
takes the Cross;
blesses the unlawful marriage of Philippe I.
Olaf, St., his prophecies of his young brothers;
his death in battle.
Olaf Scotkonung, King of Sweden,
his charge of Edmund Ironside's children.
Olaf Trygvesson in Ireland.
Oraric of Meath, treachery of.
Orleton, Adam, Bp. of Hereford,
his enmity to Edward II.;
his answer to Queen Isabel;
his quarrel with her.
Osborn, Counte De Breteuil, murder of.
Osgood, Clapa, the Dane, gives the name to Clapham.
Osmund de Centeville,
his fidelity to Richard the Fearless.
Otho, Emperor of Germany,
makes war against Richard the Fearless.
Otho, the Pope's legate, tumult against, at Oxford.
Ottoboni, Cardinal, preaches the Crusade in France and England.
Oxford, Mande besieged at, by Stephen;
escapes from, over the snow;
meeting of the Mad Parliament at;
its acts declared void by Louis IX.
Pallium, the, Anselm's dispute with William Rufus about.
Pandulfo, the Pope's legate, King John's submission to;
takes charge of Henry III. in his minority.
Parliament, the, of Westminster;
the Mad, of Oxford;
those under Edward I.;
increase of its power through the right of self-taxation.
Patriarch, the, of Rome,
acknowledged by the conquering tribes.
Paschall II., Pope, Anselm consults.
Pelagian heresy, the, in Wales.
Pembroke, Richard, Earl of, assassination of.
Pembroke, William, Earl of, has Henry III. crowned;
appointed his governor during his minority.
Percy, legend of the origin of the name.
Peter the Hermit, his appearance at the Council of Clermont;
leads the first Crusade;
defection of, at the siege of Antioch;
sings mass at the Holy Sepulchre.
Pevensey, landing of the Normans at.
Philippa of Hainault, Edward III.'s first meeting with;
her marriage to him.
Philippe I. of France,
refuses to aid William the Conqueror's invasion of England;
aids Robert Courtheuse against his father;
supports the insurrection at Mantes;
his connection with Bertrade,
wife of Foulques of Anjou.
Philippe August, his birth and early character;
his accession to the throne of France;
agrees to join Richard Coeur de Lion in a crusade;
his last meeting with Henry II.;
sets out with Richard on the Crusade;
his intended treachery;
his jealousy of Richard;
returns home;
his conduct respecting Richard's captivity;
conduct toward Prince Arthur;
quarrel with King John;
summons John to answer for the murder of Prince Arthur;
invades his French fiefs;
wins back Normandy, Anjou, &c., from the English;
England granted to him by the Pope.
Philippe III., his father's last advice to him;
gives up the Crusade.
Philippe IV., character of;
his deceit to Edward I.;
his treachery to the Count of Flanders;
persecution of Boniface VIII.;
causes the election of Clement V.;
his proceedings against the Templars;
his death.
Plantagenet, Richard.
See Richard.
Poer, Roger le, chaplain to Henry I., Bp. of Salisbury.
Poitiers, Alfonse, Count de, at the Crusade of St. Louis;
left as a hostage.
Pontigny, Becket retires to;
driven from thence.
Pope, the, rescued from the Lombards by Charlemagne;
signification of the word;
early power of;
becomes head of the Western Church;
atrocities attending the election of,
the election of,
transferred from the emperor to the cardinals;
the struggle to regain this,
Purkiss carries the body of William Rufus to Winchester;
his descendants still living in the New Forest.
Ralph Flambard, Bishop of Durham, the friend of Rufus;
incites Robert Courtheuse against Henry I.
Randolf de Brock, enemy of Becket;
assists his murderers.
Randolph, Thomas, his reply to Robert Bruce;
gives him his allegiance;
captures Edinburgh Castle;
his exploits in border warfare;
appointed regent of Scotland.
Raoul, Bp. of Durham, at the battle of the Standard.
Raymond le Gros, friend of Strongbow;
his exploits in Ireland;
made Protector of the kingdom.
Raymond of Toulouse joins the first crusade;
his conduct at the siege of Jerusalem.
Reginald, elected Abp. of Canterbury;
his election declared null by the Pope;
Rhodes, conquered by the Hospitallers.
Rich, Edmund, Abp. of Canterbury, character of;
exposes the treachery of Des Roches;
hi
s retirement and death.
Richard, Apb. of Canterbury, character of.
Richard Coeur de Lion, second son of Henry II.,
betrothed to Alice of France;
his love of Languedoc;
rebels against his father;
his dispute with his brother Henry;
origin of his surname;
agrees to join Philippe Auguste in a crusade;
disputes respecting his betrothal to Alice of France;
his attachment to Berengaria;
does homage to Philippe;
his last interview with his father;
remorse at his father's death;
his preparations for the crusade;
joins with Philippe;
instances of his violent nature;
his dispute with Tancred of Sicily;
his conquest of Cyprus;
his marriage to Berengaria;
gallantry at Acre,
exploits in the march from Acre;
quarrel with Leopold of Austria;
his grief at being unable to take Jerusalem;
his daring courage at Joppa,
a truce signed with Saladin;
sets out on his return home;
his adventures by the way,
capture and imprisonment;
discovered by Blondel;
his release and return home;
his dispute with Constance of Brittany;
besieges the castle of Chaluz,
manner of his death there.
Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall,
undertakes a crusade;
its results;
elected King of the Romans;
takes the oath to the acts of Oxford;
taken prisoner at Lewes;
his death.
Richard, son of Robert Courtheuse,
killed in the New Forest.
Richard the Fearless,
son of William Longsword and Espriote;
succeeds to the dukedom,
carried off by Louis IV.
his escape,
does homage for his duchy;
his betrothal;
the wars against him,
attempts at his assassination;
his victory over Lothaire;
his character;
death, piety, etc.
Richard the Good,
succeeds his father Richard the Fearless;
his character;
his protection of the sons of Ethelred.
Richard, son of Richard the Good.
Richard, William the Conqueror's second son,
early death of.
Robert, Bp. of Hereford, the friend of St. Wulstan.
Robert, count of Eu,
joins William the Conqueror in his invasion of England.
Robert, Count of Paris.
Robert Courtheuse, William the Conqueror's eldest son;
his dispute with his brothers at L'aigle;
his rebellion against his father;
his mother's affection for him;
encounters his father in battle;
his war with William Rufus;
takes the cross;
superiority of his character to his brothers';
mortgages his dukedom to Rufus;
his conduct at the siege of Antioch;
declines being King of Jerusalem;
his friendship with Edgar Atheling;
his marriage;
gives up his rights to Henry I.;
Henry's intrigues against him, ;
is taken prisoner;
imprisoned in Cardiff castle, ;
his last years and death.
Robert, Earl of Gloucester, son of Henry I.;
espouses the cause of the Empress Maude;
is taken prisoner;
exchanged for Stephen;
his staunch support of Maude;
his learning.
Robert the Magnificent, his character;
resolves on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land;
declares his son (William the Conqueror) his heir,
his pilgrimage and death.
Rochester, the siege of, by King John.
Rockingham, the convocation at.
Roderick Maur, the Welsh prince.
Roger, Abp. of York, the enemy of Becket;
his excommunication,
his jealousy of the Abp. of Canterbury,
Rognwald, earl, father of Rolf Ganger,
Rolf Ganger, origin of his name,
outlawed for piracy,
attacks Rouen ,
his rude generosity,
interview with Hasting,
conquests in France,
Neustria (Normandy) ceded to him,
tradition of his homage to the King of France,
embraces Christianity,
his government of Normandy,
his history very doubtful,
Rollo, the French name for Rolf,
Roll of Battle Abbey, account of,
Roman Empire, the, decay of,
Rome, England a fief of
Rosamund Clifford, history of,
Rouen attacked by Rolf Ganger,
its surrender,
made the capital of the territory,
William Longsword buried at,
besieged by the enemies of Richard the Fearless,
the Abp. of, excommunicates William the Conqueror,
Roxburgh, capture of, by Sir James Douglas,
Rudel, Jauffred, the troubadour, the story of,
Runnymede, the Great Charter signed at,
Ryes, Hubert de, his service to Duke William,
Sailors' quarrel between France and England,
St. Laurence, Sir Almeric de,
brother in arms of Sir John de Courcy,
his exploits in Ireland,
St. Mahe, the sea-fight at,
St. Patrick, the conversion of Ireland by,
St. Thomas's hospital, named after Archbishop Becket,
Saladin obtains supreme power in Palestine,
his courtesies to Richard I.,
Salisbury, John of, the friend of Becket,
exiled by Henry II.,
Samson le Breton, messenger of Queen Matilda,
Saracen Arabs, the, character of,
Savoy palace, the, origin of,
Saxons, the, held in no favor at Rome,
cause of their ruin at the Conquest,
their derision of the Normans,
Scandinavia, the nurse of the Teuton race,
Scotland, depredations of the pirates in,
its troubles after the death of Malcolm III.,
decay of the kings of,
the troubles of, following the death of Alexander III.,
claims to the crown of, referred to Edward I.,
Edward I. claims to be Lord paramount,
harsh government of, under Edward I.,
the troubles of, under the Bruce dynasty,
the strength of, under Robert Bruce,
peace concluded with, by England,
Scottish Church, the, reformed by Queen Margaret,
Scott, Michael, the wizard, account of,
Septs, system of, in Ireland,
Sepulchre, the Holy, the crusaders at,
Sewell, Abp. of York,
his opposition to the encroachments of Rome,
Ship, the White, story of the wreck of,
Sigurd the Crusader, visitor to Henry I.,
his career,
his discussion with his brother Eystein,
his sad fate,
Simon, Earl of Northampton, son of Matilda of Scotland,
his character,
his contempt for his brother Waltheof,
his repentance and death,
Siward Biorn, Earl of Northumbria,
assists Edward the Confessor against Godwin,
his death,
Sonnac, Guillaume de, in the Egyptian crusade,
Stamford Bridge, battle of,
Stapleton, Walter, Bp. of Exeter,
his murder at Paul's Cross,
Stephen, Count of Blois,
married to William the Conqueror's daughter Adela,
takes the Cross,
his character,
Stephen (II.) of Blois, favorite of Henry I.,
swears fealty to Maude,
his proceedings on the death of Henry I.,
obtains possession of England and Normandy,
his good qualities,
taken prisoner at Lincoln,
regains his liberty,
besieges Maude at Oxford,
retains the throne unmolested,
his death,
Stephen, King of Hungary,
his charge of Edmund Ironside's children,
his character,
Stigand, Abp.,
his absence from the coronation of Harold,
suspicion of, by the Court of Rome,
his deposition,
Stiklestad, battle of,
Stirling, battle of,
siege of,
siege of the castle by Edward Bruce,
Randolph's conduct at,
Strongbow, Earl of Pembroke,
his invasion of Ireland,
Henry II. makes him seneschal,
and governor,
his death,
Swend, quarrel of, with Harold Hardrada,
Sweyne, son of Earl Godwin, his character and crimes,
Sybil, daughter of Helie de la Fleche,
marries Foulques V. of Anjou,
Sybilla, wife of Robert Courtheuse,
Taillefer, the minstrel knight at Hastings,
Tancred de Hauteville, the kingdom of
the Two Sicilies founded by his sons.
Tancred joins the first Crusade;
his prowess at Antioch;
at Jerusalem.
Tancred of Sicily, disputes between him and
Richard Coeur de Lion;
Prince Arthur betrothed to his daughter.
Templars, the Knights,
jealousy between them and the Hospitallers;
their valor at the fall of Acre;
their proceedings afterward;
given up by Clement V. to Philippe IV.;
their arrest and the accusations against them;
their order abolished by the Pope;
persecution of, in different kingdoms;
their character and fate.
Temple, the, in London, history of.
Teuchebray, battle of.
Teutons, the, reared in Scandinavia;
their law regarding land.
Theobald, Count de Blois, favorite of Henry I.
Thibaut, Count de Chartes,
his treachery toward Richard the Fearless;
his submission to him.
Thorer the Silent, son of Earl Rognwald.
Thorold, Abbot of Malmesbury, appointed to Peterborough;
his expedition against Hereward;
is taken prisoner.
Thurstan, Abp. of York.
Torfrida, wife of Hereward.
Torguatus, ancestor of the Anjou family.
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