Jack Nichols and his lover: Letter from Jack Nichols to the author, December 12, 1995, and from Frank Kameny to the author, December 19, 1995;
Kameny emphasized that he wasn’t actually acting in response to Crowley, “of whom and of whose play I probably had not heard at the time I coined the slogan.”
191 “have learned to hug”: New York Times, December 10, 1972.
“We’re not like that”: Ibid., October 21, 1993.
“He was one of’… “he was a star”: Author’s interview with Murray Gitlin, February 26, 1993.
192 “What’s more boring”: Mart Crowley, The Boys in the Band.
“a combination of absolute”: David Shipman, Judy Garland, 74.
“I believe in doing what”: Noel Coward, “If Love Were All.”
“without doubt”: Dirk Bogarde, Snakes and Ladders, 196, 199.
After Peter Lawford: Gerold Frank, Judy, 516–17. Liza Minnelli said she witnessed this routine (from her mother’s end of the line) regularly in 1962 and 1963.
Shipman relates the same story, 392.
“There was a vulnerability”: Liza Minnelli interview with The Advocate, September 3, 1996.
Garland loved men: David Shipman, Judy Garland, 138–40.
193 “girl and boy next door”: New York Times, August 12, 1993.
“She is at bottom”: David Shipman, Judy Garland, 408.
She was born Frances: Anne Edwards, Judy Garland, 114.
“worked, slept, ate”: Ibid., 39.
“I sort of grew up”: Author’s interview with Walter Clemons, November 9, 1992.
“The American people”: Anne Edwards, Judy Garland, 62.
“I don’t seem to”: Ibid., 60.
Garland made a halfhearted: David Shipman, Judy Garland, 205–206.
Two years later: Gerold Frank, Judy, 451; and David Shipman, Judy Garland, 390–91.
194 “I think she beat”: Author’s interview with Arthur Laurents, June 14, 1995.
“She ate up music”: David Shipman, Judy Garland, 457.
“Here is my heart”: Gerold Frank, Judy, 469.
“because with Streisand”: Author’s interview with Arthur Laurents, June 14, 1995.
“the range of her talent”: Author’s interview with Judy Barnett, December 4, 1995.
“I saw staid citizens”: David Shipman, Judy Garland, 405–406.
“I could never cheat”: Dirk Bogarde, Snakes and Ladders, 199.
In April 1961: David Shipman, Judy Garland, 407.
She arrived at her Carnegie: Ibid., 409.
195 3, 149 other fans: Liner notes, Judy at Carnegie Hall, Capitol Records, CDP 7090014–15.
Outside, scalpers were: David Shipman, Judy Garland, 409.
Garland finally opened the show: Judy at Carnegie Hall, Capitol Records, CDP 7090014–15.
Then she proceeded: David Shipman, Judy Garland, 410.
“office boy in some”: Anne Edwards, Judy Garland, 188–89.
“I don’t know why”: Judy at Carnegie Hall, Capitol Records, CDP 7090014–15.
“Well, you know”: Anne Edwards, Judy Garland, 190.
twenty-seven songs: “Almost Like Being in Love” and “This Can’t Be Love”
were part of one medley, and “You Made Me Love You,” “For Me and My Gal,” and “The Trolley Song” were part of another.
“You really want more?”: Judy at Carnegie Hall Capitol Records, CDP 7090014–15.
196 Judith Crist saw tears: Anne Edwards, Judy Garland, 189.
At a Christmas party: David Shipman, Judy Garland, 501.
Three months later: Ibid., 504.
Three months after that: Ibid., 507–508.
“The greatest shock”: Vincent Canby, quoted in Ibid., 507.
Liza Minnelli remembered: Gerold Frank, Judy, 632.
197 Frank Sinatra wanted: David Shipman, Judy Garland, 509.
“Don’t I look”: Gerold Frank, Judy, 633.
For a day and a night: Ibid., 634–35; David Shipman; Judy Garland, 509; and (for Valentino) Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1974, vol. 10, 337.
Minnelli requested that no one: Anne Edwards, Judy Garland, 303.
James Mason began: David Shipman, Judy Garland, 509.
All that is certain: Martin Duberman, Stonewall, 198.
“I had been in combat”: Newsday, June 20, 1994.
But the crowd was unusually: Weekly News (Miami), June 2, 1994.
“free-wheeling anarchy”: Martin Duberman, Stonewall, 181.
198 Like nearly all gay bars: Martin Duberman, Stonewall, 181.
Because the “inn” was: Ibid., 184.
“Judy Garland” and “Elizabeth Taylor”: Ibid., 187.
unlikely gold mine: Ibid., 185.
The bar had often been: Ibid., 194.
After checking for: Ibid., 195.
Several spectators agreed: Ibid., 196.
“The cop hit me”: Author’s interview with Stormé DeLarverie, December 9, 1995.
The police were pelted: Village Voice, July 3, 1969.
“This is your payoff”: The Question of Equality, pt. 1 (documentary).
Morty Manford remembered: Eric Marcus, Making History, 201.
The raiders quickly: Village Voice, July 3, 1969.
199 “They fell down”: New York Newsday, June 20, 1994.
Believing he could intimidate: Village Voice, July 3, 1969.
“Grab it, grab”: Rat, July 1969, quoted in Toby Marotta, The Politics of Homosexuality, 73–74.
“Gay Power!”: Martin Duberman, Stonewall, 197. Now one of the attackers: Village Voice, July 3, 1969.
“The homosexuals were usually”: New York Newsday, June 20, 1994.
“It was that close”: Village Voice, July 3, 1969. As the TPF waded: Ibid.
“Oh my God”: The Question of Equality, pt 1 (documentary).
200 “black guy, a queen”: Author’s interview with Randy Bourscheidt, February 26, 1993.
“Stonewall was just”: Author’s interview with Stormé DeLarverie, December 9, 1995.
“I got up and I” … “laughed at, scorned”: Author’s interview with Roy Strickland and William Wynkoop, June 3, 1993.
“We are the Stonewall”: Martin Duberman, Stonewall, 200–201.
201 “totally spontaneous”: Rat, July 1969, quoted in Toby Marotta, The Politics of Homosexuality, 74.
By four A.M.: New York Times, June 29, 1969.
“Gay Power! Isn’t that”: Screw, July 25, 1969.
When the Voice hit: Donn Teal, The Gay Militants, 17.
“Sheridan Square this weekend”: Village Voice, July 3, 1969.
“Homo Nest Raided”: New York Daily News, July 6, 1969.
The very first gay-authored: Screw, July 25, 1969.
“If you are tired”: Ibid.
202 “The revolution in Sheridan”: Ibid.
IV: THE SEVENTIES
205 “The ‘homosexual problem’”: New York Times Magazine, January 17, 1971.
“It is one thing”: Ibid.
“This was a very idealistic”: Eric Marcus, Making History, 204.
“To Victory!”: New York Times, January 6, 1986.
206 “It was like fire”: The Question of Equality, pt. 1 (documentary).
“I am a great believer”: New York Times Magazine, October 10, 1971.
“It’s amazing when you”: Author’s interview with Arthur Laurents, June 14, 1995.
“Gay and lesbian liberationists”: Toby Marotta, The Politics of Homosexuality, 322.
207 “I do remember featuring” … “biggest sin of all”: Author’s interview with Phil Donahue, April 26, 1996.
208 In 1972, Hal Holbrook: Mark Thompson, ed., The Long Road to Freedom, 79.
“the California suburban”: Frank Rich, Esquire, November 1987.
“the evil flower”: Anne Roiphe, New York Times Magazine, February 18, 1973.
“as important a moment”: Margaret Mead, Time, January 22, 1973.
“the ultim
ate soap opera”: Ibid.
209 “an unfettered, guiltless”: Esquire, December 1969.
210 “really celebrated homosexuality”: The Celluloid Closet (documentary).
“final crumbling”: Weekly News (Miami), June 22, 1994.
“Come to Us Because”: Author’s interview with Philip Johnson, May 5, 1995.
When Paul Cadmus visited Germany: Author’s interview with Paul Cadmus, May 20, 1995.
In Cabaret, Liza Minnelli: New York Times, April 28, 1973.
“You are like me”: Cabaret, directed by Bob Fosse, produced by Cy Feuer, screenplay by Jay Alien, music by John Kander, lyrics by Fred Ebb. Allied Artists and ABC Pictures Corp., 1972.
“creative process”: Michael York, Travelling Player, 217.
211 “one of the best-edited”: Ibid., 217, 231.
“long, extraordinary day”: Ibid., 220.
“Screw Maximilian!”: Cabaret, 1972. Allied Artists and ABC Pictures Corp.
“People take this attitude”: Mark Thompson, ed., The Long Road to Freedom, 121.
Forster had read Maurice: Author’s interview with Paul Cadmus, October 29, 1992.
212 “his sensitively drawn”: New York Times, November 11, 1970.
“through the sixties”: Author’s interview with Judy Barnett, December 4, 1995.
“In the fifties I never”: Author’s interview with Dan Stewart, October 10, 1991.
213 During most of the seventies: Author’s personal knowledge.
“We both turned around”: Author’s interview with Roy Aarons, December 12, 1991.
“alternative”: Edward Alwood, Straight News, 91.
“This was in the early” … “that kind of thing”: Author’s interview with Philip Johnson, May 5, 1995. Johnson has given different dates for his dinner with Barbara Walters in different interviews. He told me that it took place in the 1980s; in an interview with Martin Filler for the Times, June 2, 1996, he placed it in the 1970s.
214 “I came to realize”: Humphrey Burton, Leonard Bernstein, 434–40.
215 “When we first started”: The Question of Equality, pt. 1 (documentary).
Nine months after Stonewall: New York Times, March 3, 1970; and David Deitcher, ed., The Question of Equality, 21.
“This cop is the nicest”: Author’s interview with John Koch, June 6, 1995.
“I would like to know”: Donn Teal, The Gay Militants, 124.
“It takes real balls”: Ibid.
“Everybody was very interested”: Author’s interview with “Edward Stone,” October 11, 1996.
216 “I think there are”: Toby Marotta, The Politics of Homosexuality, 157–58.
That same month: Ibid., 159.
“Not long ago”: New York Times, June 29, 1970.
217 “The main thing”: Ibid., July 5, 1970.
Similar festivities were held: Ibid., June 29, 1970, and January 17, 1971.
Less than four months later: Ibid., June 6, 1970, and October 27, 1970; and New York Times Magazine, January 17, 1971.
“Today we know not”: Marotta, The Politics of Homosexuality, 157–60.
“The idea of a ‘homosexual’”: New York Times, May 17, 1971, and June 27, 1971.
“right in the middle” … “flabbergasted”: Author’s interview with Ethan Geto, July 1, 1995.
221 “catcalls from the balcony”: Author’s interview with Robert Abrams, July 10, 1995.
“We were flooded”: Author’s interview with Ethan Geto, July 1, 1995.
222 The Washington Post columnist: Washington Post, March 16, 1973.
“The old-style Chinese”: Quoted in Edward Alwood, Straight News, 153.
“While I am pleased”: Author’s interview with Nicholas von Hoffman, June 25, 1996.
“the cultural majority”: Village Voice, February 6, 1978, and author’s interviews with ABC employees, February 27, 1996. In 1996, Greenfield did not respond to repeated requests by phone and letter to comment on these subjects.
223 “homosexuality is spreading” … “pain of the earth”: Harper’s, September 1970.
225 “I look into myself”: Toby Marotta, The Politics of Homosexuality, 181.
Nevertheless, Morris refused: Ibid, 182.
“civilized, intelligent”: Donn Teal, The Gay Militants, 269.
“serious and honest”: Toby Marotta, The Politics of Homosexuality, 184.
By the end of the: Donn Teal, The Gay Militants, 269.
“That was a dreadful artide”: Author’s interview with Frank Kameny, February 20, 1996.
“chronic affliction of Harper’s”: Donn Teal, The Gay Militants, 267.
226 “civil rights for homosexuals”: New York Times Magazine, November 12, 1967.
“Damn it” … “I’m a homosexual”: Columbia Journalism Review, March/April 1982.
“Is it true?” … “directors, myself: New York Times Magazine, January 17, 1971.
227 “I was on leave in Paris” … “basically decent”: New York Times, October 10, 1971.
228 “rage” … “ever believed it”: Ibid., November 24, 1985.
229 “several dozen homosexuals”: Willie Morris, New York Days, 197.
“Parents Aren’t Always”: New York Times, February 10, 1971.
“Being a nice human”: Ibid., October 10, 1971.
“the vast majority”: Ibid., February 28, 1971.
230 “turn the penis”: Author’s interview with Times reporter, February 27, 1996.
“I love my stories actually” … “very unhappy”: Author’s interview with Jane Brody, March 13, 1996.
231 “there was a lot” … “So I’m outta here”: Author’s interview with “Sarah Waters,” January 6, 1996.
235 “in full force” … “homosexuality is a disease”: New York Times, October 10, 1971.
“an attribution of mental”: Author’s interview with Frank Kameny, October 21, 1995.
236 “It was a very dramatic”: Eric Marcus, Making History, 253.
“In those days”: Author’s interview with Frank Kameny, October 21, 1995.
In 1969, Hooker was part: New York Times, October 21, 1969.
“Why are you here?”: Author’s interview with Arthur Laurents, June 14, 1995.
Marmor had always been: New York Times, May 11, 1969.
237 “appalled by the stereotypic”: Eric Marcus, Making History, 252–53.
“It was a very”: Ibid., 253; and New York Times, November 10, 1973.
“Right there we wrote”: Author’s interviews with Frank Kameny, October 21, 1995, and February 20, 1996.
238 Marmor thought his side: Eric Marcus, Making History, 253.
“regularly cause emotional”: Mark Thompson, ed., The Long Road to Freedom, 104.
“psychiatrists call it”: Eric Marcus, Making History, 254.
“aghast”: Ibid.
“His rhetoric has not”: Author’s interview with Frank Kameny, October 21, 1995.
239 “it would be a serious”: Ibid.
“We were ecstatic”: Mark Thompson, ed., The Long Road to Freedom, 105.
Still Socarides refused. Author’s interview with Frank Kameny, October 21, 1995.
“They claimed the whole thing”: Ibid.
“I don’t in any way”: Eric Marcus, Making History, 254.
240 “We stated that there was”: Ibid.
“the pleasure of most”: Author’s interview with William Wynkoop, June 3, 1993.
“totally straight”: Author’s interview with John Koch, June 6, 1995.
The rent was a bargain … “he had turned gay”: Ibid. 242
“My view of the world” … “the Anvil”: Author’s interview with Philip Gefter, December 3, 1991.
244 “Weimar Germany”: Author’s interview with Tom Stoddard, August 3, 1994.
“I remember long lines” … “time of my life”: Author’s interview with Philip Gefter, December 3, 1991.
245 “The Anvil was like” … “Saturday night”: Author’s interview
with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.
246 “The people seemed crazy”: Author’s interview with Tom Stoddard, August 3, 1994.
“huge orgies” … “electrifying for me”: Author’s interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.
247 “she did not want”: New York, July 9, 1973.
248 On December 26, 1978: New York Times, December 27, 1978.
“very much a repressive”: Author’s interview with Tom Stoddard, August 3, 1994, and New York Times, February 13, 1997.
“very cute” … “go along with us”: Author’s interview with Tom Stoddard, August 3, 1994.
252 “with the quiet conviction”: Eulogy delivered by Richard J. Meislin, March 19, 1997.
“I guess I’m still” … “rebel and conservative”: Author’s interview with Tom Stoddard, August 3, 1994.
253 Studio 54 was the brainchild: Money, September 1978.
“double-knit three-piece” … “bridge and tunnel”: Ibid.
“we want it to”: Vanity Fair, March 1996.
“the revenge of the nerd”: Esquire, November 1987.
254 “overwhelming … like a Sodom”: Vanity Fair, March 1996.
Later, Rubell dated. Wall Street Journal, December 2, 1977.
Depending on which story: New York Times, April 27, 1977; People, July 31, 1978;
Money, September 1978; Wall Street Journal, December 2, 1977; and Vanity Fair, March 1996.
“had an impeccable eye”: Author’s interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.
“need to be liked”: Money, September 1978.
Inside the club were Andy: Vanity Fair, March 1996.
“Turn some of these princes”: Wall Street Journal, December 2, 1977.
255 “hot spot of the universe”: Author’s interview with Ethan Geto, July 1, 1995.
“the greatest club of all”: Vanity Fair, March 1996.
“Roy would have an entourage” … “how to market”: Author’s interview with Stanley Friedman, November 30, 1994.
Times reporter Robert McG. Thomas: Author’s interview with Robert McG. Thomas, Jr., September 23, 1996.
“There’s these mobs” … “doin’ that in public”: Author’s interview with Ethan Geto, July 1, 1995.
256 “We started to lean”: Author’s interview with Philip Gefter, December 3, 1991.
257 Waiters at Studio 54: Wall Street Journal December 2, 1977.
“Usually men”: Author’s interview with Alec Baldwin, Interview, October 1989.
“You needed something” … “wasn’t my scene”: Author’s interview with Howard Rosenman, December 20, 1995.
The Gay Metropolis Page 51