Honorius, Emperor 11, 12
Honours List 492
Horsa 16, 30
Houghton Hall 424–5
House of Commons 213, 226, 252, 293, 337, 338, 345, 347, 349, 350, 362, 376, 384, 393, 394, 395, 401, 402, 404–5, 416, 423, 425, 439, 453, 454, 455
House of Lords 213, 355, 376, 384, 393, 394, 395, 448, 452, 455, 456–7, 462, 472, 477, 489, 496
Huitdeniers, Osbert 188
Hume, David 440
Hundred Court 50
Hundred Rolls 214–15, 216
Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) 229–30, 251
hundreds 50, 51, 52, 55, 61, 73, 90, 118, 119
Hunt, Leigh 444
hunting 80, 91, 93, 120, 122, 128–9, 132, 152, 173, 228, 368, 405
Huntingdon 113–14
Hyde Park 396
Hyde, Duchess of York, Anne 368, 369, 372
Hyde, Edward, Earl of Clarendon 362
Imperial Crown of England 261, 264, 279, 296, 302, 321, 325, 330, 339, 340, 347, 356, 373, 466, 473, 474, 476
India 431, 470, 474, 476, 482, 490, 496
Industrial Revolution 459, 460
Innocent III, Pope 199, 200, 201, 202
Innocent IV, Pope 206
Invicta Veritas (Thomas Abell) 292
Ireland 10, 28, 82, 177, 178, 195, 222, 238, 242, 252, 253, 254, 279, 337–8, 340, 348, 349, 402, 412
Isabella, Queen 221, 223, 224, 225, 246–7
Italy 4, 20, 210, 214, 284, 286, 482
Ivar the Boneless 71
Jackson, Will 348
Jacobites 409, 411, 413, 416–17, 423, 428, 444
James Francis, (‘Old Pretender’), Prince 389, 390, 392, 394, 408–9, 411, 413, 414, 415, 416, 420, 427
James I and VI, King 322–30, 331, 333, 409
James II, King 359, 363, 366, 368, 369, 370–1, 372, 373, 374, 375, 377, 378–88, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 400, 401, 402, 404, 405, 408
James, Duke of Monmouth 374, 375, 376, 377, 380–1, 384, 390
Jean II, King of France 232
Jefferson, Thomas 436, 437
Jervaulx Abbey 297
Joan of Arc 249
John of Gaunt 234, 235, 236, 237, 239, 240, 241, 252, 256, 262
John, King 194, 195, 196, 197, 198–202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 211
joust/tournament 226, 228, 239, 281, 282, 285
Judith, Queen 46, 114
Julius II, Pope 283, 288
Jumièges, Abbey of 81
Justicar 142, 203, 204
justice system, English 9, 21, 50, 51, 52, 68, 73, 90, 114, 118, 119, 132, 169, 179–80, 181, 184, 189, 190, 191, 201, 217, 218, 232, 256, 277, 345–6, 388, 412, 453
Justinian, Emperor 32
Jutes 18
Juxton, Bishop 347
Kenilworth Castle 236
Kenneth I, King of Scotland 91
Kensington Palace 396
Kent 12, 18, 25, 28, 30, 31, 33, 37, 38, 41, 42, 58, 117, 121, 122, 128, 172, 193, 236, 237, 252, 308, 359, 392, 425, 456
Kent, William 425
Keppel, Arnold Joost van 403–4
King’s Evil 360, 400, 406
King’s Fund 498
Kingston, Sir Anthony 310
knight (thegn) 75, 92, 109, 115, 116, 139–40, 226
Knights of the Round Table 227, 282, 462
La Hogue, battle of (1692) 402
Labour Party 479, 480, 486, 489, 499, 500
Lancaster, house of xiv-xv, 236, 241, 242, 244, 245, 252–5, 257, 262–74, 275, 276
‘Land of Hope and Glory’ 473–4
Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury 112, 115, 123, 127
Lang, Cosmo Gordon, Archbishop of York 481, 482, 483, 485, 494
Langton, Stephen, Archbishop of Canterbury 201, 281
Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury 330, 334, 335, 336, 337
law see constitutional ideas and justice system
Lee, Richard Henry 435, 436, 437
Lehzen, Baroness 457
Leicester House 423
Leo IV, Pope 46
Leofric, Earl of Mercia 74, 75, 80, 82, 88
Leofwin, Earl of Mercia 88, 96
Leopold, Emperor 390, 391
Lewes Priory 210
Lewes, battle of (1264) 210, 211
Lexington, battle of (1775) 437
Liberal Party 468, 477, 479
Lincoln 36, 107, 112, 158, 160–1, 165, 170
Lincoln, battle of (1141) 161, 165
Lincoln Cathedral 251
Lincoln, Alexander, bishop of 158
Lindisfarne 34, 43
Lionel, Duke of Clarence 252
Llwelyn, King Gruffudd ap 88, 91
Locke, John 373, 377
London 32, 36, 47, 55, 57, 69, 73, 87, 96, 103, 201, 308, 371, 379; Alfred as second founder of City 55; burh 55, 59, 84; Charles I and 337, 339, 340; Charles II and 356; church province of 32; Civil War and 345, 349, 354; Cornish rebellion reaches 277; George IV and redesign of 447; Jack Cade and 252; King John and 201; Norman Conquest and 104, 106; Peasants’ Revolt 236–7; political capital 87, 126; Popish Plot and 371; Roman city of 55; King Stephen and 154, 163–4, 165; Vikings and 55, 57, 69, 71, 73; Wars of the Roses and 254, 255, 265, 266; William II redevelopment of 126–7; William of Orange enters 392, 393; William the Conqueror marches from Hastings to 106 see also under individual area and building name
London Hospital 498
longbow 229, 230, 231
Longchamp, William de 197
Louis VI, King of France 138–9
Louis VII, King of France 171, 173, 177–8, 180, 194, 202
Louis XI, King of France 264
Louis XIV, King of France 364–6, 367, 372, 376, 379, 383, 386, 389, 390–1, 398, 400, 404, 406, 409, 414, 416
Louis XVI, King of France 440, 443, 444
Lowestoft, battle of (1665) 363
Ludlow Castle 211
Lusignans 207, 209, 210
Luther, Martin 287, 288, 290, 299
Macbeth, King 90, 91
Magdalen College, Oxford 385–6
Magna Carta 3, 69, 70, 132, 201–2, 203, 204, 205, 207, 209, 211, 218, 219, 234, 277, 294
Maine 102, 103, 177
Maitland, Frederic William 179
Maitland, Sir William 315, 316
Malcolm III, King of Scotland 91, 92, 94, 107, 110, 123–4, 125, 132
Malcolm IV, King of Scotland 176, 177
Maldon, battle of (991) 67
Maldon, The Battle of 67–8
Malmesbury, William of 130, 133, 134–5, 136, 140, 141, 142, 148, 150, 152–3, 155, 158, 160, 162, 163, 168
Malplaquet, battle of (1709) 414
Mandeville, Geoffrey de 168–9
Mantes 81, 119
Margaret of Scotland, Queen 110, 123, 132
Margaret Rose, Princess 482, 494
Margaret, ‘Maid of Norway’ 217
Margaret, Queen (wife of Henry VI) 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 262, 263, 264–5, 266
Maria, Henrietta 331, 336, 338, 362, 366, 368
Marie Louise, Princess 498
Martel of Anjou, Geoffrey, Count 102, 103
Mary of Modena, Queen 372, 388, 389, 390, 392, 395
Mary I, (‘Bloody Mary’), Queen 300, 301, 304–5, 306, 307–12, 313, 314, 374, 378, 382, 383, 389
Mary II, Queen 388, 389–90, 394, 395, 396, 399, 400, 402, 405, 473
Mary, Queen (wife of Henry V) 477, 479
Mary, Queen of Scots 315–18, 319, 320, 322, 324, 347, 376
Masham, Abigail 413
Massacre of St Bartholomew’s Eve (1572) 383, 440
Matilda of Boulogne, Queen 149–50, 160, 163, 164, 165, 171
Matilda, Empress (daughter of Henry I) 141, 149, 150, 151–2, 153, 154–160, 162, 162–5, 166, 169–70, 171, 172, 180, 181
Matilda, Queen (wife of William the Conqueror) 102, 107, 117, 133, 136
Maundy Service 399, 400, 491–2
Medal of the British Empire 479
Medway, battle of (1666) 363, 365
Melbo
urne, Lord 457–8
Mercia 33, 35–41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 49, 55, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 69, 70, 80, 88, 103, 110
Milton, John 333, 427
Mobray, Robert de, Earl of Northumberland 125
monarchy: absolute 5, 6, 221, 269, 276, 277–8, 302, 323, 328, 333, 361, 367, 377, 378, 379, 380, 415, 442, 438; Anglo-Saxon 12–97; aristocratic culture, invention of 227; ceremony see coronation rituals; charitable works 479–80, 497–500; coinage 38–9, 40, 54, 63, 71, 79, 88, 145–7, 166–7, 246, 352, 429; connection between divinity and 360; consensual 24, 75, 97, 104–5, 364; constitutional 414–15; constitutional ideas and 3, 69–70, 71, 73–4, 104–5, 131, 132, 191, 201–2, 203, 204, 205, 207, 209, 210, 211, 218, 219, 225, 234, 268–70, 277–8, 294, 393, 402; coronation rituals 27, 46, 55–6, 63–4, 65, 80, 88, 91, 104–5, 111, 121, 130–1, 154, 164, 172, 176, 192, 202, 214, 221, 235–6, 249, 302, 330–1, 352, 356, 379, 399, 421, 448–9, 450, 452, 466, 473, 474, 483, 488–90, 496–7; crowns 27, 38, 46, 62, 88, 126, 235–6, 261, 302, 327–8, 352 see also under individual crown name; divorce 288–91, 293, 294–5, 300, 304, 370, 448, 468, 481–5, 288–95, 300, 304, 370, 448, 458, 468, 481, 482, 494, 495–6, 498; Easter rituals 303–4, 399–400; Exchequer and 143–6, 189, 256, 367; family monarchy 480, 497; halfway world to, Anglo-Saxon 25–6; heraldry and coats of arms 227–8, 231, 420; homosexuality and 121, 221–6, 404, 413; Honours List 492; hunting 80, 91, 93, 120, 122, 128–9, 132, 152, 173, 228, 368, 405; Imperial 278, 279–99; insanity within 253–4, 445; institution of xix; joust/tournament 226, 228, 239, 281, 282, 285; justice system and 9, 21, 50, 51, 52, 68, 73, 90, 114, 118, 119, 132, 169, 179–80, 181, 184, 189, 190, 191, 201, 217, 218, 232, 256, 277, 345–6, 388, 412, 453; kingship, birth of English 22; land ownership and 268–70, 277–8, 279; limited 268–70, 274, 277–8, 279; medieval 101–257; model of 363–7; modern, invention of 378, 414–15; moral 460, 480; oath, coronation 55, 130–1, 221, 225, 302, 352, 395–6; partnership between people and 51, 69–70, 104–5, 233, 256, 257, 393; premiership/prime ministerial role and 419–20; regalia and 26–7, 108, 218, 330–1, 356, 446, 450, 497; regicide/ murder of 41, 129–30, 225, 244, 272, 317–19, 340, 346–8, 360; Restoration of 354, 355, 359–77, 378, 400, 401, 473; Roman 3–4, 5–12; sceptre 27; seal 89–90, 179, 352, 359, 392; succession rules 65, 272, 295, 301, 306–7; television and 488, 489–90; treason 5, 113, 216, 219, 241, 252, 265, 294, 295, 304, 312, 316, 338, 341, 345, 346, 360, 376–7, 445; Treasury and 71, 89, 121, 154, 172, 174, 180, 196; wealth of 38–9, 199, 200, 231, 269–70, 296, 329
monasteries 13, 29, 31, 34, 35, 36, 43, 62–3, 65, 89, 109, 110, 120, 121, 165, 181, 184, 187, 190, 207, 228, 296–7, 299
Monck, General George 354
Montagu, Edward, 2nd Earl of Manchester 341, 355
Montfort, Simon de, 6th Earl of Leicester 209, 210, 211, 214, 219
Monument, The, London 373, 374
Mordaunt divorce case 468
More, Sir Thomas 272, 281, 288, 295–6
Morel of Bamborough 124
Morkere, Earl of Northumbria 92, 94, 95, 103, 104, 105, 107, 110
Mortimer, Roger, 1st Earl of March 225, 226–7
Mortimer, Hugh de 175
Mortimer’s Cross, battle of (1461) 255
Morville, Hugh of 192
Mount Badon, battle of 19
Mountjoy, Lord 279
Mowbray, Thomas 241
‘My Device for the Succession’ (Edward V) 306–7
Namatianus, Rutilius Claudius 11
Napoleon III, Emperor 467
Naseby, battle of (1645) 342–3
Nash, John 447
National Health Service 498, 499
Nero, Emperor 23, 126
Netherlands 284, 355, 366, 368–9, 377, 389–90, 394, 396, 402, 406, 414
New Model Army 342–4, 348, 356
Newburgh, William of 178, 189
Newton, Isaac 422
New Year’s Day Honour’s List 492
Nicholas II, Tsar 478
Nightingale, Florence 468
Nissa, battle of (1062) 95
nobility: Charles I and 334; Charles II and 361, 364; Edward I and 219; Edward II and 221–30, 232; Edward IV and 264, 265, 266, 268, 269; Elizabeth I and 318, 322; Francia 51; Henry III and 204, 205, 206, 209, 210, 211, 212, 216; Henry IV and 240, 241; Henry V and 246, 248; Henry VI 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256–7; Henry VII 275, 277, 280, 281, 282, 284, 285, 286, 297; household, power of noble 256–7; John and 197; Norman 115, 135, 138, 140–1, 147, 150, 151, 152, 154; Richard III and 236, 238, 239, 240; Roman age 20; rotten boroughs and 454; Scottish 90, 322, 334; Stephen and 163, 164, 169; Sussex Kings demoted to 37; William of Orange and 395
Norman Conquest xx, 19, 59, 72, 86, 94–7, 101–33, 137, 140, 154, 199, 216, 229, 231, 232, 243, 251, 256, 278, 378
Normandy 64, 68, 69, 72, 76, 77, 79, 83, 91–2, 94, 101, 102, 105, 106, 107, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 122, 123, 128, 133, 134, 135–6, 138, 140, 141, 146, 147, 148, 151, 152, 153, 156, 157, 163, 165–6, 169, 170, 171, 172, 177, 178, 180, 183, 194, 195, 198, 199, 203, 232, 246, 247, 252, 253, 486
Normandy, house of xii-xiii, 101–72
Normans 81, 83, 86; Anglo-Saxons and 72, 91–2, 93, 94, 101–72; Battle of Hastings (1066) 96–7; church, take over English 111–12, 121, 127; Coronation Charter, Henry I 131–2; Domesday Book 117–19; Edward the Confessor and 79; in England 96–7, 101–72, 199, 216, 229, 231, 232, 243, 251, 256, 278, 378; feudalism/revolution in English aristocracy 114–15, 119; first queen of England 68; Forest Laws 122–3, 128–9; Harrying of the North 107–9; knights 139–40; London, redevelopment of 126–7; Normandy, arrival in 68; rebellions against rule of Britain 106–10, 113, 114, 121–5, 137–8, 140–1; Scottish battles/wars 110–11, 123–4; Viking origins 68; Wales, expansion into 125, 153 see also under individual monarch name
Northumbria 33–5, 36, 37, 41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 58, 60, 62, 74, 88, 92, 93, 103, 107, 110, 113, 166
Norway 43, 73, 75, 77, 88, 95, 217
Nottingham Castle 226–7
Nottingham House 396
Noy, William 332
Oates, Titus 371, 372, 373, 380
oath, coronation 55, 130–1, 221, 225, 302, 352, 395–6
Oath of Salisbury (1086) 119
Obedience of the Christian Man (William Tyndale) 291
Octavius (later Augustus) 7
Odin 44
Odo of Bayeux, Bishop 96, 105, 106, 112, 117, 120, 121, 122
Offa of Mercia, King 37–41, 42, 43, 49, 55, 58, 63
Offa’s Dyke 30, 41
Old English 5, 19, 21
Opdam, Admiral 363
Order of the British Empire 478–9
Order of the Garter 227–8, 234, 235, 241, 409, 412, 432, 478
Order of the Thistle 412, 478
Ornaments Rubic 314
Osborne House 460, 465, 466–7, 472
Osburh of Wessex, Queen 45
Oswald of Northumbria, King 34, 35
Oswy of Northumbria, King 34, 36
Otford, battle of (776) 37
Oudenarde, battle of (1708) 408, 413, 421
Oxford University 292, 377
Painted Hall, Greenwich 417–18
papacy, power of 182–3 see also under individual pope
Paris, Matthew 209–10
Parker-Bowles, Camilla 493, 495–6
Paris, Treaty of (1763) 434
Paris, Edward VII visits 474
Parliament 209–10, 211, 213, 229–30, 233, 235, 240, 243, 244, 252, 267–8, 272, 296, 301, 309, 310, 313, 316–17, 319, 322, 329; America and 434–5, 436, 437; Amicable Grant 286; Anglo-Saxon 47, 66 see also witan; Queen Anne and 409, 414; Bill of Rights and 394–5; birth of 209–10; Cavalier 362; Charles I and 331–51; Charles II and 362, 373, 374, 376; Civil War and 340–56; Convention and 355–6, 361, 393; Cromwell and 340–56; de Montfort broadens membership of 211; Edward I and 218–19; Edward III and 230, 233; Edward IV 267–8, 270, 272; Elizabeth I and 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319; Elizabeth II and 492; fire in (1834) 456; G
eorge V 476; Good (1376) 235; ‘The Grand Remonstrance’ 337, 341, 345; Guy Fawkes and 326; Henry III and 209–10; Henry IV and 243; Henry VII and 275–6, 277; Henry VIII and 281–2, 283, 286, 294, 296, 301; House of Commons 213, 226, 252, 293, 337, 338, 345, 347, 349, 350, 362, 376, 384, 393, 394, 395, 401, 402, 404–5, 416, 423, 425, 439, 453, 454, 455; House of Lords 355, 376, 384, 393, 394, 448, 452, 455, 456–7, 462, 472, 477, 489, 496; ‘The Humble Petition and Advice’ 351; James I and 325, 326, 328, 329; James II 370, 371, 373, 374, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 384, 385, 387, 388; Long, 1641 384; Mary I 308, 309, 310; Merciless 240, 241; Model 219; monarch’s power to call and dissolve surrendered 402; Parliament Acts (1910/1949) 477, 489, 496–7; Pitt and 429, 430, 432, 433; powers of Monarch transferred to 402; Pride’s Purge 345; ‘Provisions of Oxford’ 208–9; Richard II and 243, 244; Richard III and 273; rotten boroughs and 454, 455; Rump 345, 347, 349, 350, 351, 353, 354; Scottish representation in 412–13; Short 335; state opening of 462, 466, 467–8, 472, 476, 492; tax raising powers 218–19, 230, 256, 259, 269, 270, 275–6, 277, 281–2, 283, 331–2, 335, 351, 395, 402, 402, 412; Victoria and 462, 467–8, 472; Walpole and 424, 425, 427, 428; Wars of the Roses and 252, 253, 254–5, 256; at Westminster 229–30; William III and 399, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406; William IV and 452, 453, 454, 455; Wonderful (1386) 238
parliaments, early English: great council 117–18, 150, 155, 177, 191, 197, 198, 205, 210, 226, 318–19, 328; witan (Anglo-Saxon proto-Parliament) 47, 50, 56, 58, 66, 71, 73, 75, 76, 77, 82, 85, 87, 104, 117, 130
Parliament Acts (1910/1949) 477, 489, 496–7
Paxton, Joseph 461
Peace of Abernethy 110, 124
Peasants’ Revolt (1381) 236–7, 238
Peel, Sir Robert 458, 459, 460
Pembroke Castle 262, 266
Penda, King of Mercia 35, 36
Pepin the Short 39, 40
Pepys, Samuel 354, 363, 379
Perche, Countess of 148
Percy family of Northumberland 244–5, 246, 254
Percy, Henry Hotspur 244–5
Perrers, Alice 235
Peter, Saint 29, 34, 87, 182, 187, 292–3, 361
Peterloo Massacre (1819) 453
Petition of Right (1628) 70
Philip Augustus, King of France 197, 198, 199, 200
Philip I, King of France 119
Philip IV, King of France 218, 229
Philip, Prince 487–9, 490–1, 493
Philippa, Queen 228
Picts 10, 12, 15
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