8 Americans drank: Rorabaugh, 20–21. Johnny Appleseed: Pollan, 9, 21–22. Washington: Mark A. Vargas, “The Progressive Agent of Mischief: The Whiskey Ration and Temperance in the United States Army,” The Historian, Summer 2005, 204.
8 Clinton: Rorabaugh, 48. Washington: Carr, 11–13. Adams: William Grimes, 20. Jefferson: Bear and Stanton, 519. Madison: Clark, Deliver, 21.
8 Fourteen thousand: Fuller, 75. Seven gallons: Rose, American, 12.
9 Devastator: Lincoln speech at Springfield, Illinois, 2/22/1842.
9 Rush: Asbury, 27; Furnas, 189.
9 Ticknor: Rorabaugh, 6. Garrison: ANB; Lender, Dictionary, 186–87. Foul water: Rorabaugh, 97.
9 Lincoln on Washingtonians: Donald, 82.
10 Gough: ANB; Journal of Commerce, 9/22/1845.
10 Barnum: Barnum, 225, 362; ANB.
11 Manilow (fn): The show ran for forty-eight performances at the 13th Street Theater in New York in 1970.
11 Neal Dow opened our eyes: Barnum, 362. Burlesque occasions: Dow, 102.
11 Hate-Evil: Dow, 16.
12 Maine Law: Furnas, 175. Horace Mann: Kobler, 87.
13 Dio Lewis: ANB; Asbury, 69; Kobler, 115–16; Seldes, 261–62.
13 Our Girls: Eastman, 160.
13 Thompson: Eastman, 154–65; http://www.wctu.org/crusades.html; Bordin, “Baptism,” 402.
14 Spread of Crusade: http://www.wctu.org/crusades.html. Tax collections: Asbury, 85. Closed establishments: Blocker, “Separate,” 462.
14 Sherwood Anderson: Sinclair, 15.
14 Bloomer and Stone: ANB.
15 All-debasing wine: DAB.
15 Listen and learn: Catt and Shuler, 22. Unclean Thing: Furnas, 219.
15 Intellectual cranks: Seldes, 279–80.
15 Sexual abstinence: Tyrrell, “Women,” 141.
16 Syphilis of the innocent: Burnham, “Progressive,” 885.
16 Universal ear: Willard speech in Chicago, 1893, quoted at http://memory.loc.gov/learn/features/timeline/progress/prohib/
policy.html.
16 250,000: http://www.wctu.org/frances_willard.html, quoting Susan B. Anthony. Frank: Willard, Wheel, 65; Furnas, 277. Beveridge: Our Day, 9/1898, 442.
16 Willard, generally: ANB, DAB. A pledge: Cherrington, Standard, 2849. Methodist heaven: Kobler, 134. Sanctified learning: http://www.northwestern.edu/about/history/vision.
17 Unwashed: Willard, Glimpses, 341.
17 In 1876: Rose, American, 21. Unseat: Mezvinsky, 213. Lucy: in TPP/WCTU, R4, 103.
17 I have cared, stenographer: Our Day, 3/1898, 107–16. Travel: Cherrington, Standard, 2849. Tolstoy: Tatiana Tolstoy to Willard, 2/28/90, in TPP/WCTU, R17. As nearly: Willard, Wheel, 74. Hibbie: Furnas, 287.
18 Protestant nuns: Union Signal, 6/6/95, 2–3. Christian socialist: John A. Mayer, “Social Reform After the Civil War to the Great Depression,” in Lippy and Williams, 1441; Our Day, 3/1898, 107–16. Clothing: Gusfield, 90. White Life: Murdock, 21.
19 Douglass: Williamson, 80–81. Phillips: Lender, Dictionary, 393–94.
19 Washington’s Farewell: Lebeau, 22; Freeman, 467.
20 Great hunger: Cherrington, Standard, 1268. Did more: Bryan, In His, 171.
20 State of siege: ANB. Our duty: Zimmerman, 1.
21 Aiming higher, state campaigns: Ibid.
21 Dropsy, down the throat: David F. Musto, “Alcohol in History” SA, 4/96, 81. Stimulant: Silver, Burdett to Hunt, 3/8/1892, in TPP/STF, R4. 50 percent: Lamme, 107.
22 Hunt’s home: Zimmerman, ANB. Stowell negotiations: Hunt to Stowell, 8/24/1889, in TPP/STF, R4. Unscientific: Zimmerman, 29. Narcotic poison: Stowell, Essentials, 43. Drew the line: Silver, Burdett to Hunt, 3/8/92, in TPP/STF, R4.
22 I have studied: Billings, 34. Utter impossibility: Hunt to Silver, Burdett, 8/22/1891, in TPP/STF, R4.
22 Hunt’s final conflict with Silver, Burdett: O. S. Cook to Hunt, 1/25/1892, and Silver, Burdett to Hunt, 1/26/1892, in TPP/STF, R4.
23 Unjust charges, rumor: Minutes, advisory board of WCTU Dept. of Scientific Instruction, 1/21/1897, in TPP/STF, R4.
23 Clearinghouse: Lamme, 107. In whole or in part: Memorandum enclosed in Marie C. Brehm to Cora F. Stoddard, 6/28/06, in TPP/STF, R4.
23 The day: Cherrington, Standard, 1269.
Chapter Two: The Rising of Liquid Bread
24 My constant: Nation, 63. Bulldog, whey-faced: Kobler, 146–47; 153. The public: Nation, 90.
24 I ran behind, Mr. Cook: Grace, 89–90.
25 They need: Nation, 179. Yale: photograph, collection of Bobbie Bristol. Harvard: Nation, 139.
25 Not radically: Rorabaugh, 8.
25 In 1850: Clark, Deliver, 55.
26 Domestic misery, liquid bread: Burnham, Bad, 56.
26 Beecher (fn): Cherrington, Standard, 296.
26 Competing for Europeans: Higham, 17–18. Busch: ANB.
26 Infidel population: Rose, American, 26. Minnesota: Rumbarger, 138. New colony: McClure’s, 7/07, 576–79. Census: McClure’s, 9/09, 532.
27 Erickson’s: Third Age News, 10/93. Metal trough (and fn): Powers, 30–31. Also e-mail from Madelon Powers, 5/28/2008. Lucy Adams: Ransom, 130–32. Brings his growler: Riis, How, 213–14.
27 Number of saloons: Rose, American, 17. Leadville: West, 121–22. San Francisco: Rose, American, 17. I would have dropped: Cincinnati Post, 12/9/98.
28 Colossal shadow, congregations larger: Riis, How, 210.
28 Poor creatures: Bourgeois, 111. Rudkus: Sinclair, Jungle, chapter 14. Life was different: London, 24.
29 Free lunch: Kingsdale, 477. Silent partners: Ade, 46.
29 All Nations: author’s collection.
29 Brewer subsidies: Duis, 25–26.
29 License fee: Timberlake, 150.
29 No man: McClure’s, 7/07, 576. Half the population: Powers, 18. By 1909: Timberlake, 104; Kingsdale, 474.
30 Convention in German: Furnas, 210. Tax reduced: Asbury, 64. Fully one-third: Hu, v. Bribe: Purley A. Baker, in Anti-Saloon League, Proceedings, 11/10/13, 63–64.
30 Fanatical, whatever party: Baron, 220.
31 Paying editors: Asbury, 108. Pabst and DuBois: Cochran, 312.
31 Busch, generally: ANB, DAB, Plavchan.
31 Large city: Union Signal, 12/4/19. $30,000: Time, “Benton v. Adams,” 3/4/46.
32 Fired a cannon: Hernon and Ganey, 45. Promoting: Odegard, 249. It may cost: quoted in House Ways and Means 1932, 629. Poll taxes: Clark, Deliver, 116–17. We have sent: Senate Judiciary 1919, 1088. Best not written: Odegard, 255.
32 Besides losing: House Ways and Means 1932, 629. Cirrhosis: DAB.
33 Selling in prohibited: Senate Judiciary 1919, 1065.
33 Decidedly inimical: Baron, 223. Eighty-one companies: Arthur Capper in Walnut, 157. Worst and cheapest: Charles Nagel Papers, Busch to Charles Nagel, 12/8/09.
34 Westheimer speech: 12/19/14, quoted in Senate Judiciary 1919, 1058.
34 Almighty God: Odegard, 6.
Chapter Three: The Most Remarkable Movement
35 Plant a colony: John J. Shipherd, quoted in Fletcher, 180. Dietary restrictions: Rorabaugh, 120.
35 Prayerful influence: SEAP; Front row: Chalfant, 296.
36 Not in politics: Purley A. Baker in Cincinnati Enquirer, 2/23/08, quoted in Westheimer, 131–39.
36 Political retribution: Lamme, 63. Gould’s credo: Timberlake, 140. Is he right: Henry M. Chalfant, in Walnut, 282.
37 Minimum of 75 percent: Senate Judiciary 1930, 4281. Real secret: Baltimore Sun, ca. 1922, in TPP/ASL Legal, R12. I can dictate: S. E. Nicholson, quoted in Odegard, 21.
37 Pilgrimage: http://www.franceswillardhouse.org/franceslife/.
37 Lamented leader: RPHP, Margaret Dye Ellis to Hobson, 9/28/14.
38 In no instance: Cincinnati Enquirer, 2/23/08, quoted in Westheimer, 131–39.
38 Generalship: New York Herald Tribune, 10/23/27. Conquest: Reprinted in Columbus Dispatch, 9/11/27. Dispassionate men: Baltimore Evening Sun, 9/6/27, editorial page.
38 A good boy: Cincinnati En
quirer, reprinted in American Issue, 9/17/27. Wheeler, generally: ANB; SEAP; NYT, 6/26/27, XX, 6; Kobler, 181–82; Steuart. Great men his puppets: Reprinted in Columbus Dispatch, 9/11/27.
38 Loving, spirited; praying: “A Hasty Sketch Appreciative of Wayne B. Wheeler,” in TPP/Russell, R4. Altruism: Steuart, 38–39. Locomotive: Steuart, 24.
39 Bicycle: Furnas, 307. Petitions: Odegard, 115. Not enough Wheeler: Hamm, 145.
39 Rockefeller match: RAC, B44, F475. High crimes: Russell speech in 1897, quoted in Lamme, 63. Targeted, defeated: Odegard, 97.
40 Herrick and Wheeler: http://www.ohiohistory.org; Kerr, 109–10; Odegard, 89–90, 114–15; Randall and Ryan, 452.
40 Murder mills: Columbus Dispatch, 10/16/05.
40 Rockefeller reduces: Frederick T. Gates to Rockefeller, 2/11/05; Rockefeller to Gates, 2/17/05, both in RAC, B44, F475. Never again: Kobler, 196. Controlled six Congresses: Steuart, 11.
41 Reckon with: Fox to USBA members, 1/6/09, from Senate Judiciary 1919, 806.
41 Remarkable, autocratic: Gilmore speech, 1908, quoted in Odegard, 22–23. Salvation: Feigenspan speech, 12/29/14, from Senate Judiciary 1919, 1058. Reducing licenses: Sunstein speech, 12/29/14, from Senate Judiciary 1919, 1058. Suppression: Carlson, 225–26.
42 South slow to enlist: Coker, 83 et seq. Negro problem, terrible condition: Corrigan, 9/07, 328–34. Dark faced mobs: Ida B. Wells-Barnett, A Red Record (Salem, NH: 1895), 83, quoted in Morone, 299.
42 Under slavery: Pickett et al., 291–93. Moral responsibility: Collier’s, 5/31/13,32. Tillman: CR, 12/17/17, 449–51.
43 Eyes bloodshot: Dixon, Leopard, 125. Half child: Dixon, Clansman, 292–93. Off the sidewalks: Cronon, 485.
43 Third wave: Woodward, 389. Hoke Smith: Walton and Taylor.
44 Stronghold: Sellers, 101.
44 Busch agents in Texas: O. Paget to G. H. Luedde, 12/7/10, in Anti-Saloon League, Brewers, vol. 2, 1481.
44 Foreign enterprise: CR, 12/17/17, 449. Jewish type: McClure’s, 9/09, 528–43.
44 Gentleman of St. Louis: Collier’s, 5/16/08, 10.
45 Coleman: Pfeifer, 142–43. If I should: Collier’s, 5/16/08, 10. Wholly unfit, Black Cock: U.S. v. Lee Levy and Adolph S. Asher, Eastern District of Missouri, 1908, Grand Jury indictment and sentence rendered. Mostly nude: Isaac, 148.
45 Nameless crime: Collier’s, 8/15/08. Nigger gin: Collier’s, 5/16/08. Wholesale price: U.S. v. Levy and Asher. Brief wave (fn): Collier’s, 5/2/25. Fairly docile: Tennessean, 6/17/08, quoted in Isaac, 148. This gin: Tennessean, 6/14/08, quoted in Isaac, 148. Insult: Memphis Commercial Appeal, 6/20/08.
46 Atlanta to Los Angeles: AC, 1/5/09; LAT, 10/22/08. Improper: SLP-D, 10/21/08. Expelled: Collier’s, 8/15/08. Opening a place: U.S. v. Levy and Asher.
46 Stupid, sodden: Edmund Morris, 162. Low, venal: Morison and Blum, vol. 1, 1470. String three, unutterably: Edmund Morris, 162–63.
47 Kick you: Edmund Morris, 166. Twelve of twenty-four: Odegard, 248. Saloon Slate: Kingsdale, 484. Affiliation: Albert Kennedy, quoted in Duis, 114.
47 144 gallons: Rorabaugh, 213.
48 Patrick and Sambo: Stanton speech from 1868, “Manhood Suffrage,” reprinted in Ann D. Gordon, 196.
48 Most of them: Jordan to Prescott F. Hall, 2/28/10, Immigration Restriction League Papers, B2, F560, Folder 1. Lifted up: Rumbarger, 114. Killing off (fn): Timberlake, 62.
48 The fact: Link, 847. Laboring man: Engelmann, 30. Decent kennel: W. A. White, 389–90.
49 Gross evils: Addams, The Second, 221–62. Home Salon: Melendy, 459–61.
50 Eliot forswore: Timberlake, 55.
50 Born middle-aged: Leuchtenberg, Perils, 149.
50 Eagle-faced: ms. of James W. Wadsworth memoir in JWWP, B15.
50 More than two thousand: Furnas, 258–59. Raines sandwich: Riis, Battle, 224.
51 Committee of Fourteen: Gilfoyle, 419.
51 The passage: Fox to USBA members, 2/27/15, Senate Judiciary 1919, 259–62.
51 Use of liquor: quoted in report from Fox to Percy Andreae, 1914, Senate Judiciary 1919, 283.
52 This one thing: Current History, 2/24, 848.
Chapter Four: “Open Fire on The Enemy”
53 There appears: “Spirits, Foreign and Domestic,” 3/5/1792, in Hamilton, Works, 316.
53 Congress could: CR, 12/22/14, 602. Indirection: Hamm, 172.
54 Medium of exchange, delivery: Brenda Yelvington, “Excise Taxes in Historical Perspective,” in Shughart, 34. Lender and Martin, 31.
54 We now see: Washington to Hamilton, 9/17/1792, quoted in Chernow, Hamilton, 468–69.
54 Federal revenue: Hamm, 95–96. War’s cost: Baron, 293. Assist: United States Brewers’ Association, 1909, 14.
54 By 1910: Rose, American, 56; Hamm, 95–96.
55 Clad: “Cross of Gold” speech, 1896 Democratic National Convention. Breakfast: Sloane Gordon, cited in CGG, 9/1/25, 3.
55 Fundamentalist Pope, Morondom: Kazin, 261, 284.
55 Rock of Ages: DAB.
56 Gaseous: Weisman, 210.
56 Dred Scott: Buenker, Income, 21. Galahad: Hinton, 137.
57 Equable: Union Signal, 2/15/1883. Pledge on the part: The Voice, 3/7/1895. Alleged loss: Finley E. Hendrickson to A. E. Shoemaker, 4/4/08, in TPP/ASL of DC.
57 Hull: Hinton, 180; Hull, 140–45.
58 Roosevelt and ASL: Friedel, Apprenticeship, 127–28.
58 Chief cry: “The Next and Final Step,” 4/22/13, in TPP/Cherrington, R82.
59 Union shop: Steuart, 34. New cadre: Hogan, 144.
59 Goggle-eyed: Hogan, 173. Bully: Kobler, 274.
59 Wheeler and Steffens: Steffens, 860.
60 Wielded no power: Blocker, Retreat, 215.
60 Rather die: Cochran, 315–17.
61 Irresistible: Time, 9/25/39. Our customers: Odegard, 57. Create the appetite: Ibid., 41.
61 Fair Cohorts: WP, 11/30/13, 1. Description of ASL march and demonstration: WP, 12/11/13, 1; NYT, 12/11/13; Outlook and Independent, “The Dry Decade,” 10/30. Open fire: NYT, 3/29/26, 21.
62 Bryan’s first campaign: Coletta, 82.
62 Lived to twenty-one: ANB. Acquired taste: London, 2. Alcohol made: Mencken to Sinclair, 12/10/24, quoted in Johns, 43.
62 Ombibulous, every known: Johns, 5. Bulk cocktails: William Grimes, 64.
63 London voting: London, 1. The moment women: London, 204.
63 Anthony to Duniway: Murdock, 31.
64 Commander-in-chief: Mezvinsky, 192.
64 Anthony to Erwin: 12/27/99, in TPP/Russell, R1.
64 When woman has: Murdock, 28–29. Gentlemen, we need: Mezvinsky, 220.
64 Oregon’s saloonkeepers: Alan P. Grimes, Puritan, 114; Drescher, 241. Observations made: SLP-D, 5/9/09. Annuity: Couzins to William Howard Taft, 9/25/10, in Herbert S. Hadley Papers. If ever should: Busch to Henry Nicolaus, 12/25/05, quoted in Hernon and Ganey, 72.
65 Brewers in Texas: New Republic, 8/21/15, 62–64.
65 The antidote: Odegard, 85. Faker: Kerr, 109–10.
66 Fanatical: Hernon and Ganey, 69. Macomb: Collier’s, 4/12/13. Exigency: OrH, Montana Women, Montana Historical Society: Belle Winestine, Rankin aide.
66 Illegal: Gould, 245.
Chapter Five: Triumphant Failure
67 Contumely: ms. by Grizelda Hull Hobson, in RPHP, B12, F4.
67 Coventry: Pittman, Navalist, 8. Got along: Nation, 3/11/15, 286.
67 Most terrible: Hobson, Buck, 326.
68 Waltzes: Rosenfeld, 62. Smouldering: DAB. Women lined up, when the kissing: Shaw, 54–60.
68 Time speeches: Pittman, dissertation, 134. Another round: ANB.
69 Japan prediction: Finding Aid to RPHP, Library of Congress Manuscript Division. Sex (fn): Pittman, Navalist, 8–9; 134.
69 Illegal in DC: Shaw, 54–60. Open Annapolis: Sheldon, dissertation, 218–19. Despite warnings: Sheldon in Alabama Review, 259. I saw black: quoted in The Nation, 2/11/15, 286.
70 Cannibals, CR, 12/11/13, 736 et seq. Only Southerner: Sheldon in Alabama Review, 260. Negroes, ne
gritos: Quoted in Sheldon, dissertation, 219.
Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition Page 54