White, William Allen. The Autobiography of William Allen White. New York: Macmillan, 1946.
[Wickersham, George, et al.]. Official Records of the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1931.
Wilkinson, Alec. Moonshine: A Life in Pursuit of White Liquor. New York: Knopf, 1985.
Willard, Frances E. Glimpses of Fifty Years: The Autobiography of an American Woman. Chicago: H. J. Smith, 1889.
———. A Wheel within a Wheel: How I Learned to Ride the Bicycle. London: Hutchinson, 1895.
Willebrandt, Mabel Walker. The Inside of Prohibition. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1929.
Williams, Michael. The Shadow of the Pope. New York: Whittlesey House, 1932.
Williamson, Scott C. The Narrative Life: The Moral and Religious Thought of Frederick Douglass. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2002.
Willoughby, Malcolm F. Rum War at Sea. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1964.
Wilson, Edmund. The American Earthquake. New York: Da Capo, 1996.
Wilson, Ross. Scotch: The Formative Years. London: Constable, 1970.
Wilson, Sunnie, and John Cohassey. Toast of the Town: The Life and Times of Sunnie Wilson. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1998.
Wintz, Cary D., and Paul Finkleman. Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance. New York: Routledge, 2004.
Wittke, Carl. German Americans and the World War. Columbus: Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, 1936.
Wolfe, Thomas. Look Homeward, Angel. New York: Scribner, 2006.
Wolfskill, George. The Revolt of the Conservatives: A History of the American Liberty League. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1962.
Woodward, C. Vann. Origins of the New South: 1877–1913. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1951.
Yandle, Bruce. “Bootleggers and Baptists: The Education of a Regulatory Economist.” Regulation, May–June 1983.
Zehnder, Rev. Herman F. Teach My People the Truth: The Story of Frankenmuth, Michigan. Bay City, MI: Privately published, 1970.
Zeitz, Joshua. Flapper: A Madcap Story of Sex, Style, Celebrity, and the Women Who Made America Modern. New York: Crown, 2006.
Jonathan Zimmerman. “The Queen of the Lobby: Mary Hunt, Scientific Temperance, and the Dilemma of Democratic Education in America, 1879–1906.” History of Education Quarterly, Spring 1992.
Congressional Documents
Senate and House documents are cited in the notes. For citations from the following hearings, House Appropriations 1922, 315, represents page 315 in the transcript of the first of the hearings listed here, and similar abbreviation is used for the others (listed here chronologically by chamber).
House of Representatives, Appropriations Committee. “Department of Justice,” 1922.
House of Representatives, Immigration and Naturalization Committee, “Deportation of Aliens,” 1922.
House of Representatives, Judiciary Committee, “The Prohibition Amendment,” 1930.
House of Representatives, Ways and Means Committee, “Modification of the Volstead Act,” 1932.
Senate, Judiciary Committee, “Brewing and Liquor Interests and German and Bolshevik Propaganda,” 1919.
Senate, Judiciary Subcommittee, “National Prohibition Act,” 1926.
Senate, Special Committee on Campaign Expenditures, 1926.
Senate, Judiciary Subcommittee, “Lobby Investigation,” 1930.
Senate, Judiciary Committee, “Modification or Repeal of National Prohibition,” 1932.
Senate, Finance Committee, “Modification of the Volstead Act,” 1933.
Index
Aaron, Barney, 158
abolitionism, 9, 11, 19, 42, 49, 194
abortion, 4, 357
abstinence, 8, 9–10, 12, 15, 53, 55, 77, 230
pledges of, 9, 11, 16–17, 19, 79
Adams, Cassily, 29
Adams, John, 8, 9
Adams, Leon, 178–79
Adams, Samuel, 37
Adams, Samuel Hopkins, 130, 217, 256
Adams, Sherman, 368
Addams, Jane, 41, 49, 119, 302, 330
Ade, George, 29, 83
African-Americans, 32, 42–46, 69, 130, 137, 208, 330
disenfranchising of, 43–44, 238
lynching of, 42, 44, 45
see also Fifteenth Amendment; racism; slavery
After Midnight, 213
alcohol:
addiction to, 51, 61, 221, 222
advertising ban on, 87
benefits of, 3, 8
binge drinking of, 8, 10
criminal manufacture and distribution of, 107–8, 113–14, 118, 122–25, 128–30, 136–38, 142, 146–73, 193–204, 271–81
disposal of, 14, 202, 220
drop in consumption of, 118–19, 120, 249, 373
80-proof, 8
industrial, 111, 128, 201–4, 219–11, 215, 221, 286–87
isopropyl, 221
medicinal use of, 147–48, 149, 185n, 193–200, 367
moderate use of, 9, 50, 77
mythology and misstatement about, 21, 22
per capita use of, 8, 9, 25, 222
physiological and psychological effects of, 3–4, 7, 9, 11, 49–50, 94, 109–12, 202, 221–24, 247–49
poisoning, disease, and death from, 8n, 33, 221–24, 235, 249, 286–87, 344n
private supplies of, 106–7, 113, 120, 121, 129–30
wealthy classes’ use of, 8, 120, 217–24, 290–92, 313–14
wood, 221, 287, 344n
see also specific alcoholic beverages
alcoholism, 9, 61, 80, 221, 222, 248–49
Alien and Sedition Laws of 1798, 318
Alsop, Joseph, 364
America, 219
American Association of Foreign-Language Newspapers, 85, 102
American Council on Alcohol Problems (ACAP), 358
American Federation of Labor (AFL), 178, 239, 260
American Issue, 58, 119
American Language, The (Mencken), 89
American Liberty League, 362–64
American Medical Association (AMA), 195
American Medicinal Spirits Company, 199
American Red Cross, 101, 364
American Revolution, 236
Amherst College, 228–29
Anderson, Sherwood, 14
Anderson, William H., 134, 246
Andreae, Percy, 85, 103
Anheuser-Busch Company, 31–32, 102–3, 215, 249–51, 351, 358
Anna Christie, 215
Anthony, Lucy, 17
Anthony, Susan B., 14, 15, 17, 63–64, 65
anti-Catholicism, 86, 89, 244, 305–9, 357
anti-German hysteria, 86–87, 100–103, 104, 121
anti-immigration activism, 26, 77, 85–87, 235–39, 305
Anti-Saloon League (ASL), 2–3, 34–42, 51–53, 57–65, 83, 87–93, 97–98, 117, 129, 232, 233, 282, 292, 300–302, 355, 357–58
annual conventions of, 64, 74, 98, 103, 240
focus and intimidation principles of, 36, 42, 52, 59–60
funding of, 35–37, 39, 40, 78–79, 84, 176, 213, 348
national Prohibition promoted by, 58–65, 70, 77–81
political power of, 36–41, 58–60, 78, 131–35, 141–42, 229
woman suffrage supported by, 62–65, 74
see also Wheeler, Wayne Bidwell
anti-Semitism, 44–46, 86, 148–49, 156–57, 190–91, 213, 239, 244
Appleseed, Johnny. See John Chapman
Appointment in Samarra (O’Hara), 224
Arbuckle, Roscoe “Fatty,” 223
Army, U.S., 54
alcohol ration in, 8, 9
129th Field Artillery of, 106
25th infantry regiment of, 69n
Arnold, Benedict, 236
Asbury, Herbert, 89, 189, 215, 221
Association Against the Prohibition
Amendment (AAPA), 233–34, 258, 295–96, 298–99, 314, 332–33, 338, 346, 361–63
Astor, Lord Waldorf, 293
Astor, Nancy Langhorne, 293
Astor, Vincent, 233
Atlanta Constitution, 42, 139, 350
Atlantic Monthly, 75
Atterbury, W. W., 296
Babbitt (Lewis), 291
Bacardi, Facundo, 217
Bahamas, 159–63, 167, 168, 171, 172, 209, 217, 218, 375
Baker, Purley A., 38, 65, 92, 94, 102, 103, 300
Balfour, Arthur, 129
Baltimore Sun, 37, 164, 225, 258
Bamberger, Simon, 186
Bannick, Claude G., 255–56
Baptist Church, 37, 39, 44, 76, 88, 186, 302, 304, 307
Bargeron, Carlisle, 347
Barkley, Alben W., 79, 112, 350
Barnum, Phineas Taylor, 10–12
Barron, Clarence W., 248–49, 332
Baruch, Bernard, 231
Beaulieu Vineyards, 182–86, 258–59, 359
Beautiful and the Damned, The (Fitzgerald), 205
Beck, James Montgomery, 232–33, 246, 281, 329, 362
Beecher, Henry Ward, 26n
Beecher, Lyman, 26n
beer, 12, 25–27, 84, 350, 358
annual consumption of, 25–26
bucket trade of, 27, 33
homemade, 120, 129
pasteurization, shipping, and refrigeration of, 26, 29
see also breweries; near beer; specific brewers
Bell, Alexander Graham, 247n
Bellamy, Edward, 19
Bellow, Saul, 150n
Berns, Charlie, 208–9, 361
Berry Brothers, 210
Better Homes and Gardens, 138–39
Beveridge, Albert J., 16
Bible, 13, 16, 55, 118
Billingsley, Sherman, 107n, 197
Bill of Rights, 56, 106, 286
Bingay, Malcolm, 129, 259
Birth of a Nation, 43, 244
Black, Hugo Lafayette, 87, 262–63, 273, 286, 327, 350
Black Cock Vigor Gin, 45–46, 57
Blackstone Female Institute, 88, 325–26
Bland, Oscar, 240
Blease, Cole, 89, 230
Blocker, Jack S., Jr., 60
Blood, Layton h., 137
Bloomer, Amelia, 14, 15
Blumenthal, Ralph, 197
Boeing, William E., 292
Boesky, Ivan, 107n
Boesky, Sam, 107n
Bonanno, Joe, 369, 370
Boole, Ella, 269, 347, 357
Boorstin, Daniel, 309
bourbon, 77, 86, 92, 126, 129, 160, 196, 199–200, 360
Boyd, Ernest, 106
Boykin, Frank W., 263
Boyles, Aubrey, 263
Brandegee, Frank, 130
Brandeis, Louis D., 139, 281, 285, 286
breweries, 29–34, 83–85, 357
antisuffrage campaign of, 64–66
competition among, 29–30
deceit and bribery employed by, 31, 32, 64–66
distilleries vs., 33–34, 41, 44
German-American, 12, 26, 30–34, 44, 85, 100, 102–3, 249–51, 358
saloons subsidized by, 29–30, 41, 64–65
temperance movement fought by, 30–34
see also United States Brewers’ Association; specific breweries
Brisbane, Arthur, 41, 85, 102, 335
Brokaw, Clare Boothe, 222
Bronfman, Abe, 148, 158
Bronfman, Allan, 148, 155–58, 359–60
Bronfman, Edgar, 150–51, 154, 157n
Bronfman, Harry, 113, 148, 150, 151, 155–58
Bronfman, Mindel, 147
Bronfman, Saidye Rosner, 146, 154–55, 342
Bronfman, Sam, 113, 146–51, 154–58, 173, 273, 275, 279, 341–43, 353–54, 359–61, 364, 366, 376
Bronfman, Yechiel, 147
Brooks, Van Wyck, 50
Broun, Heywood, 212
Broussard, Edwin S., 287, 296
Brown, Clarence, 213, 222
Brown, Dorothy M., 138
Brown-Forman Company, 199–200
Brownsville Affair of 1906, 69, 70, 74
Bruce, David, 268
Bruce, Robert, 43
Bruce, William Cabell, 89, 268
Bruere, Martha Bensley, 258
Bryan, William Jennings, 20, 55–56, 61, 243–44, 283
“Cross of Gold” speech of, 56, 77
failed presidential campaigns of, 55, 78, 217–18
Prohibition cause and, 56, 62, 77–80, 98–99, 106, 117–18, 127, 171
Bryce, James, 77
Buck Jones at Annapolis (Hobson), 67–68
Buckner, Emory, 137, 202, 253–54, 257, 261, 263–66, 268–72, 274
Bulman Brothers, 149
Bureau of Internal Revenue (Internal Revenue Service), 54, 76, 118, 133, 144, 152, 345
Burke, James F., 307
Busch, Adolphus, 26, 30, 31–33, 34, 44, 65, 66, 85, 103, 219, 282
Busch, Anna Anheuser, 31
Busch, August A., 85, 103, 219–20, 249, 251n
Busch, August A. “Gussie,” Jr., 251
Busch, Lilly Anheuser, 31–33, 85, 103
Busch, Ulrich, 31
Busch, Wilhelmina, 103
Bush, George W., 40n
Business Week, 179
Butler, Nicholas Murray, 121, 293
Butler, Smedley P., 203–4, 253, 258
California, University of, 180, 359
California Grape Grower, 174, 175, 177, 179
California Grape Rush of 1920s, 176–80, 251
California Vineyardists’ Association, 180
California wine regions, 63, 122, 174–88, 258, 351, 358
Calisch, Edward N., 191
Callahan, Patrick H., 269
Campbell, Maurice, 337–38
Canada, 75, 103, 113, 136, 146–58, 201, 341–44
illegal liquor shipments from, 122, 124–25, 128–29, 148–54, 156–58, 165, 168–69, 171, 204, 216–17, 272, 279, 284, 320–21, 342–44, 360
Prohibition laws in, 75, 146–47, 149, 150, 153, 343
Canada Pure Drug Company, 113
Canada–U.S. Treaty of 1871, 152
Canadian Distributing Company, 158
Canadian Pacific Railway, 113
Candler, Asa, 83, 215
Candy, Robert, 293–94
Canfield, Palmer, 243
Cannon, James, Jr., 81, 87–91, 117, 127, 244, 258, 269, 276, 300–301, 306, 308, 316–17, 319, 325–26, 348, 350, 353, 357
Cantrill, J. Campbell, 108
capitalism, 75, 76
Capone, Alphonse “Al,” 136, 252, 260, 272, 273–74, 282n, 302, 303, 321–22, 326, 331, 344–45, 347, 365–66, 369
Capra, Frank, 356
Cardozo, Benjamin, 281n
Carnegie, Andrew, 97
Carolina Israelite, 326n
Carroll v. United States, 284
Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition Page 65