Mind of the Raven: Investigations and Adventures With Wolf-Birds

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by Bernd Heinrich

Keene, Gary,

  Kestrels,

  Kevan, Peter,

  Knight, Ted,

  Knittle, C. Edward,

  Koehler, Otto,

  Köhler, Wolfgang, xvi

  Kramer, Gustav, xvii,

  Kumlien, Ludwig,

  Landis, Bob,

  Late Night Thoughts on Listening to Mahler’s Ninth Symphony (Thomas),

  Lawrence, Bob,

  Learning, calling and vocalizations, experiment of author and, exposure to stimuli, food discrimination, imprinting, innate versus acquired, parent teaching of young, precocial birds versus altricial birds, string-pulling tests, variation between species, See also Hunting

  Least tern, eggs and ravens,

  Leopold, Aldo,

  Levin, Ted,

  Libby, Matt,

  Lidstone, David,

  Lies and lying behavior, false caches,

  Lindsey, Scott,

  Linz, George M.,

  Living Desert Museum,

  Lo Liu-Chih,

  Looft, Volker,

  Lorenz, Konrad, raven, Roa,

  Machiavellian Intelligence,

  Macphail, Euan M.,

  Magpies,

  Maine: area of, deer population, diet of ravens in, Hills Pond raven family, hunting by ravens in, moose hunt, poacher arrests and ravens, raven calls in, ravens, Seal Island ravens, tracking project,

  Majka, Mary,

  Male ravens: macho display, display of, territory claim,

  Marfield, Susan,

  Martens, Hans-Dieter,

  Marzluff, John,

  Mate-bonding. See Mating; Pairing and Partnerships

  Mating, extra-pair, group displays, See also Breeding; Pairing and partnerships

  McEneaney, Terry,

  McGowan, Kevin,

  McNulty, Dan,

  Mech, L. David,

  Melcher, Paul,

  Miller, Michael E.,

  Mirror, experiment in raven self-recognition,

  Morals,

  Moran, John R.,

  Moretown, Vermont,

  Morkramer, Anatol,

  Morkramer, Klaus and raven, Jakob,

  Mortality of young ravens, Blackjack, marked wild raven survival rates,

  Most, Kim,

  Mutes (liquid fecal matter),

  Myth, ravens in, death, ravens associated with, divining powers, hunting and, Odin and ravens,

  Neighbors, acceptance, aggression, confederation, loose, coyote, experiment of ravens’ exposure to chickens, geese, turkey, dogs, interactions, raptor associations, tail-pulling of raptors,

  Neophilia,

  Neophobia. See Fears

  Nepal, ravens in,

  Nest/Nestings: Arctic, building, cleaning, defense, evictions by raptors, failures, Germany, materials for lining, New England, safety and noisiness of chicks, sites, spacing, timing,

  Nestlings, activity of, appearance at birth, blindness at birth, diet, feeding, identification of caretaker, human or raven, noisiness of, number of, per brood, one or two day old, rate of growth, weight,

  Nest spacing. See Nest/Nestings; Territory

  New Brunswick, Canada,

  Nichols, Amy,

  North Carolina, Grandfather Mountain,

  Olympic National Park,

  Oregon, ravens in,

  Owls,

  Pairing and partnerships, affectionate displays, Blue and Red partnership, brothers, mistaken pairing, cooperative teams and sharing, Fuzz and Houdi, Goliath and Lefty, Goliath and Whitefeather, group social partnerships, helpers, hunting, juvenile pairing, length of relationships, 135; loss of mate, monogamy and, pair-bonds, preening and, territorial, third bird in, Weld, Maine, nest,

  Parenting, adoption of strange nestlings, cleaning up of mutes, counting of eggs or young, feeding, food provision, per day, Fuzz and Houdi, Goliath and Whitefeather, teaching young, young, forcing independence on,

  Passerine and passeriformes (perching birds), carrying objects, diet requirements, nesting,

  Pattie, Don,

  Paunovich, Ray,

  Pavelka, Mark A., xv,

  Payne, Katie and Roger, xvii

  Peacock, Doug,

  Peplinski, Lyn,

  Pepperberg, Irene, xvii

  Peterson, Rolf O.,

  Pfennis, David,

  Pfister, Ulrich,

  Physical characteristics of ravens: albino, bills, color, “ears,” eyes, mouth and tongue color, nictitating eye membranes, “pants,” plumage, throat hackles, smell of,

  Pickard, Diane,

  Piugaattuq, Noah,

  Planning, See also Intelligence

  Play, animal interactions and, “catch-the-stick,” flight/aerial, intelligence and, pranks, toys, See also Bathing

  Poland, Maine,

  Population of ravens,

  Predators and ravens, raven-cougar associations, raven-raptor associations, See also Bears; Eagles; Wolves

  Preening, mutual (allopreening),

  Queen Charlotte Islands,

  Raising and keeping ravens in captivity, cages, feeding, housebreaking, lack of, permits required, problems, as pets, training,

  Range,

  Ratcliffe, Derek,

  “Raven and the Hunter, The” (folktale),

  Ravens in Winter (Heinrich), xv

  Recognition: bills, body language and, humans of ravens, markers, pigeons, of photographs, xvii; ravens, of chickens, ravens of dead corvids, ravens, of enemies, ravens, of humans, ravens, of individual ravens, ravens, of useful raptors, self, mirror experiment, vocal signatures and,

  Recruitment: bees and bee dance, conclusion, mutualism rather than reciprocity, experiment, male/female,

  Reeve, Hudson,

  Rehm, Walter,

  Reimers, Jörg,

  Relaxed raven,

  Riegel, Cindy,

  Riegel, Jerry,

  Robin, eggs as raven food,

  Roeder, Ken, xiv

  Romero, Michael,

  Roosts: communal, coordinated departures, recruitment from, sounds, temporary,

  Rowley, Graham W.,

  Rules, of behavior,

  Russo, Lorenzo,

  Sam, Bob,

  Sand County Almanac, A (Leopold),

  Sawyer, John,

  Scent,

  Schaller, George,

  Schaumburg, Kristin,

  Seely, Tom, xvi

  Sense of Place, A (Gussow),

  Sex: differentiation, 31; preferences, See also Female raven; Male raven

  Seyforth, Robert, xvi

  Sherman, Paul,

  Shetland Islands, raven nests,

  Shields, Lorrell,

  Shubernacadie, Nova Scotia,

  Shyness, 1, 15,

  Sinnett, Rick,

  Sitka, Alaska,

  Sleep, communal roost, solitary,

  Smith, Doug,

  Smith, Roger,

  Snakes,

  Social behavior, complexity, culture, raven, friendships, helpers, juveniles, mating or nesting colony, morality, tolerance, and cooperation, murder of wild raven by captive four, retaliatory acts, socialization with neighboring birds, strangers and, See also Dominance heirarchy; Neighbors; Pairing and partnerships

  Soldotna, Alaska, raven damage,

  Sounds, reactions to,

  Stahler, Dan,

  Starlings,

  Stork, black,

  Stromboli, Italy,

  Sutton, George Miksch, xiv,

  Swarthout, Eliott,

  Switzerland, ravens in, See also Bern, Switzerland

  Tagged ravens. See Captured ravens

  Talk, parrots, xvii

  Taste, sense of,

  Teamwork. See Hunting; Pairings and partnerships

  Termites,

  Territory, claimant of, and defense of, home, location and settlement of, range, spacing of nests, Stromboli, Italy, study of, Germany, variability of size,

  Teton Park,

  Thomas, Lewis,

  Tibet, ravens in,

  Tligit Indians, o
n raven color,

  Tool use, xvii,

  Tower of London, ravens in,

  Tree, The (Fowles),

  Tulugaq,

  Tunbridge, Vermont,

  Turkey vultures,

  Turner, Jeff,

  Umiat, Alaska,

  University of Groningen, Netherlands,

  Uttak, Charlie,

  Vagrant juveniles, Blackjack, marked wild raven pairing, play, sociability of, survival rates, travel of, sibling groups, alone, or with friends, wild raven murdered by captive four,

  Valleau, Bill,

  Valleau, Dana,

  Varley, Nathan,

  Vermont, ravens in, nest failures in,

  Vienneau, Johanna,

  Vikings, ravens and,

  Vision, blind chicks, location of food, nestlings and moving objects, objects that attract ravens, recognition of humans and, recognition of other ravens and,

  Vitelli, Tinker,

  Vocalization (calls and songs), agitation, alarm, alert, anger, calling, various types, chicks, comfort sounds, context dependent, crow-like calls, egg-laying and, fear, food begging by young, food finds, xiii, gaping requests (krr-krr), gro calls, honks, human association/conversation, “I’m here” quorks, knocks, macho and male amorous, mimicking, miscellaneous, repertoires, seventeen common (chart), signaling, singing/songs, territorial, unknown,

  Waal, de, Frans, xvi

  Wagman, Wolfe,

  Wainwright, Steven,

  Wallenshläger, Dieter,

  Walsh, Chris,

  Weld, Maine, See also Maine

  Wesno, Mike,

  Whitesides, Gail,

  Williams, John,

  Wolf-birds, ravens as,

  Wolves, elk kills, names of humans and, -raven association, tail-pulling, See also Yellowstone National Park

  Woodcocks,

  Woodpeckers,

  Woodrolfe, Lesly,

  Words: cognitive self and, consciousness and,

  Year in the Maine Woods, A (Heinrich),

  Year of the Gorilla, The (Schaller),

  Yellowstone National Park: raven attack on disabled large mammals, ravenbear interactions, raven-coyote interactions, raven-eagle interactions, raven hunting teamwork in, raven toilet paper carry, raven trout fishing in, raven use of intermediaries for food, raven-wolf interactions in, wing-dipping in, wolves in,

  Zahavi, Amotz,

  Zone-tailed hawk,

  About the Author

  BERND HEINRICH is the author of numerous award-winning books, including the bestselling Winter World, The Geese of Beaver Bag, Why We Run, and, most recent, his memoir, The Snoring Bird. He is professor emeritus of biology at the University of Vermont, and he divides his time between Vermont and the forests of western Maine.

  Visit www.AuthorTracker.com for exclusive information on your favorite HarperCollins author.

  ALSO BY BERND HEINRICH

  The Trees in My Forest

  A Year in the Maine Woods

  Ravens in Winter

  One Man’s Owl

  Bumblebee Economics

  Copyright

  MIND OF THE RAVEN. Copyright © 1999 by Bernd Heinrich. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, down-loaded, decompiled, reverse engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.

  EPub Edition © JULY 2007 ISBN: 9780061863936

  10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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