21 Charles J. N. Lacey , “Therapy for genital human papillomavirus-related disease,” Journal of Clinical Virology 32S (2005): S82–S90
22 This study was done prior to the HPV vaccine.
23 Rachel Winer et al, “Condom Use and the Risk of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Young Women,” New England Journal of Medicine 354 (2006): 25.
24 Rachel L. Winer et al, “Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection: Incidence and Risk Factors in a Cohort of Female University Students,” American Journal of Epidemiology 157 (2003): 218–26.
25 “Safer Sex (Safe Sex),” Planned Parenthood. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/stds-hiv-safer-sex/safer-sex-4263.htm.
26 Cumulative incidence.
27 Cumulative incidence.
28 Jeffrey M. Partridge et al, “Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Men: Incidence and Risk Factors in a Cohort of University Students,” Journal of Infectious Diseases, 196 (October 2007): 1128–36;The same finding had been reported eight years earlier: C. Sonnex, S. Strauss, J. J. Gray, “Detection of human papillomavirus DNA on the fingers of patients with genital warts,” Sexually Transmitted Infections, 75 (1999):317–19.
29 Tom Paulson, “New risks discovered for HPV,” Seattle Post Intelligencer, July 31, 2007.
30 “Safer Sex (Safe Sex),” Planned Parenthood. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/health-topics/stds-hiv-safer-sex/safer-sex-4263.htm and “Birth Control,” Planned Parenthood. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/teen-talk/birth-control-25029.htm.
31 “HPV (Human Papillomavirus): What Women Should Know,” American Social Health Association. http://www.ashastd.org/learn/learn_hpv_women.cfm.
32 Unless parents can be certain that their daughter will delay sexual behavior until entering into a faithful relationship with a man who also waited, parents should have their daughters vaccinated, but I don’t support state laws mandating such vaccinations.
33 Gypsyamber D’Souza et al, “Case-Control Study of Human Papillomavirus and Oropharyngeal Cancer,” The New England Journal of Medicine, 356 (2007): 1944–56.
34 Dagney Stuart, “HPV’s Link to Head and Neck Cancer Investigated,” Reporter, September 14, 2007; available at: http://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/reporter/index.html?ID=5808 at Vanderbilt-Ingram.
35 Oral cancers due to HPV are more prevalent in men.
36 Bonnie Halpern-Felsher et al, “Oral Versus Vaginal Sex Among Adolescents: Perceptions, Attitiudes, and Behavior,” Pediatrics 115, no.4 (2005): 845.
37 Site recommended to teens by SIECUS.
38 “Sea men: a hero’s tale,” comic by Martina Fugazzotto, http://www.gURL.com/showoff/comix/pages/0,,605672_716692-12,00.html.
39 “Vaginal, Oral, and Anal Sex: Examining Oral Sex,” Planned Parenthood. http://www.plannedparenthood.org/teen-talk/sex-masturbation/vaginal-oral-anal-sex/examining-oral-sex-25409.htm.
40 Mike Stobbe, “US sets record in sexual disease cases,” AP News, November 13, 2007; available at: http://b1104w.blu104.mail.live.com.
41 Miriam Grossman, Unprotected: A Campus Psychiatrist Reveals How Political Correctness in Her Profession Endangers Every Student (New York: Penguin Sentinel, 2007).
42 Steven S. Witkin, personal communication with author, May 14, 2005.
43 D. Patton et al, “Significant Reduction in the Macaque model of Chlamydial Pelvic Inflammatory Disease with Azithromycin Treatment,” Journal of Infectious Diseases, 192 (July 2005): 129–35.
44 Steven S. Witkin et al, “Unsuspected Chlamydia trachomatis infection and in vitro fertilization outcome,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 171, no.5: 1213; www.specialtylabs.com.
45 Joseph Debattista et al (2003), “Immunopathogenesis of Chlamydia trachomis infections in women,” Fertility and Sterility 79, no. 6 (2003): 1273–87.
46 S. Faro, D. E. Soper, eds., Infectious Diseases in Women (Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2001), 261–2.
47 D. L. Sipkin, A. Gillam, L. B. Grady, “Risk Factors for Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection in a California Collegiate Population,” Journal of American College Health 52, no.2: 65–71.
48 Ibid.
49 Stuart N. Seidman and Sevgi Oketn Aral, “Behavioral Aspects of Pelvic Inflammatory disease,” in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Daniel Landers and Richard Sweet, eds. (New York: Springer, 1997), 181.
50 Steven S. Witkin et al, “Unsuspected Chlamydia trachomatis infection and in vitro fertilization outcome,” American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 171, no. 5 (1994): 1213.
51 A. Neuer et al, “Heat Shock Protein Expression during Gametogenesis and Embryogenesis,” Infectious Diseases in Ob Gyn 7, i1-2 (1999): 10–16; A. Neuer et al, “Humoral Immune Response to membrane components of Chlamydia trachomatis and expression of human 60 kDa heat shock protein in follicular fluid of in-vitro fertilization patients,” Human Reproduction 12, no.5 (1997): 925.
52 Under age 25.
53 “Up in Smoke: Anti-Smoking Campaign Targets Teens,” Sexetc.org. Available at http://www.sexetc.org/story/Drugs/2158.
54 “Ice, Ice Baby,” Elle Magazine, April 2004; available at http://www.extendfertility.com/downloads/documents/elle-200404-ice_ice_baby.pdf: “Most of the women who come in here are healthy,” said the director of the largest fertility clinic in San Francisco. “They’re here because they’re forty.” Also see Chronicle of Higher Education, January 26, 2007, “This year’s freshman at 4 year colleges: a statistical profile.”
55 Miriam Grossman, Unprotected, 122.
56 Ibid., 135.
57 Ibid., 89.
58 Claudia Kalb, “Should You Have Your Baby Now?” Newsweek, August 13, 2001.
59 As reported by Anne Newman, “The Risks of Racing the Reproductive Clock,” Business Week, 1997; available at: http://www.businessweek.com/1997/18/b352592.htm.
60 “Age and Fertility, a Guide for Patients,” (American Society for Reproductive Medicine, 2003) 3: “If you are a healthy thirty-year-old woman, you have about a 20 percent chance per month to get pregnant. By age 40 however, your chance is only about 5 percent per month.”
61 Sylvia Ann Hewlett, Creating a Life: Professional Women and the Quest for Children, (Miramax: 2002), 33.
62 Ibid., 86.
63 Harrell W. Chesson, John M. Blandford, Thomas L. Gift, Guoyu Tao, Kathleen L. Irwin, “The estimated direct medical cost of sexually transmitted diseases among American youth, 2000.” Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health Jan–Feb, 2004.
Chapter 6
1 Lesbians who have never had sexual contact with a male have lower rates of STIs than straight women, but this group constitutes a small minority. In a study of 1,400 women who have sex with women, only 7 percent reported never having had sexual contact with a male (Fethers 2000).
2 I include books, too.
3 Mitchel L. Zoler, “Syphilis Rising in Men Who Have Sex with Men,” Clinical Psychiatry News (April 2005): 30.
4 Esther Drill, Heather McDonald, and Rebecca Odes, Deal With It! A Whole New Approach to Your Body, Brain, and Life as a gURL (New York: Pocket Books, 1999), 141.
5 Miranda Elliot, “Soulforce Q on the Bus for Equality,” www.sexetc.org/story/glbtq/4160/.
6 “Common” does not mean “normal.”
7 “F@SB:* * * with your head, maintaining your sanity,” http://www.girl2girl.info/cms/index.php?page=hints_for_maintaining_your_sanity&images=on.
8 AACAP, “Facts for Families: Normal Adolescent Development Part II,” http://www.aacap.org/cs/root/facts_for_families/normal_adolescent_development_part_ii.
9 Esther Drill, Heather McDonald, and Rebecca Odes, Deal With It!, 139.
10 (With the usual admonition to practice safe sex.)
11 SIECUS, “Sexual Orientation,” http://www.siecus.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Page.viewPage&pageId=591&parentID=477.
12 SIECUS, http://www.siecus.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Page.viewPage&pageId=502&grandparentID=472&parentID=494.
13 Ellen Bass and Kate Kaufman, Free Your Mind: The Book for Gay, Lesbian, and Bise
xual Youth—and Their Allies (New York: Harper Perennial, 1996), 13.Recommended by gURL.com, Planned Parenthood, and SIECUS.
14 But at outproud.com (recommended on teenwire), it’s like being short or tall (www.outproud.org/brochure_be_yourself.html), and at PFLAG (SIECUS link) it’s like being left- or right-handed (community. pflag.org/Page.aspx?pid=290)—rather insignificant.
15 Robert E. Rector, Kirk A. Johnson, Ph.D., Lauren R. Noyes, and Shannan Martin, “The Harmful Effects of Early Sexual Activity and Multiple Sexual Partners Among Women: A Book of Charts”; available online at: http://www.heritage.org/Research/Family/upload/44695_2.pdf.
16 “Why do nice guys always finish last?” GoAskAlice!, http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/1698.html.
17 This is based on the famous Kinsey scale.
18 Planned Parenthood, “Sexual Orientation & Gender,” http://www.planned-parenthood.org/health-topics/sexual-orientation-gender-4329.htm.
19 “Be Yourself: Questions and Answers for Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Youth,” http://www.outproud.org/brochure_be_yourself.html.
20 “Fantasizing in the wrong direction?” GoAskAlice!, www.goaskalicecms.org/scripts/printerfriendly.cfm?questionid=5919.
21 “Sexual orientation: continuum,” http://www.gURL.com/react/think/pages/0,,672040,00.html.
22 Very hazardous, when it comes to sexual behavior!
23 “Is it natural to be confused or question your sexuality at a young age?” http://www.plannedparenthood.org/teen-talk/ask/lesbian-gay-bisexual-trans/questioning/Is-it-natural-be-confused-question-sexuality-at-young-age-25737.htm.
24 Coalition for Positive Sexuality, http://www.positive.org.
25 Recommended to teens by SIECUS.
26 Advocates for Youth, http://www.advocatesforyouth.org/publications/safe-space/faq.htm.
27 GoAskAlice!, www.goaskalice.com.
28 “Should I explore my sexuality?” GoAskAlice!, http://www.goaskalice.columbia.edu/1093.html.
29 “I’m 15 and bisexual, but how do I know for sure?” http://www.scarleteen.com/article/advice/im_15_and_bisexual_but_how_do_i_know_for_sure.
30 Before it became “Teen Talk.”
31 “In fact, ‘normal’ may not exist... ‘sexually normal’ is a subjective term, and defined by a certain culture at a certain time.” www.goaskalicecms.org/scripts/printerfriendly.cfm?questionid=5919.
32 “You can say to yourself every day, ‘I’m a lesbian and I’m okay.’ ” (In Advocates for Youth’s “I Think I Might Be Lesbian, Now What Do I Do?: A Brochure by and for Young Women,” 9.)
33 “Your e-mail will also be read by the peer education supervisor.” This individual is not identified.
34 “Peer Support,” http://www.youthresource.com/peer/index.htm.
35 “Peer Educator: Devin,” http://www.youthresource.com/peer/devin.htm.
36 Theodora writes in a later installment of her diagnosis with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Due to this potentially serious condition, she has an excess of male hormones. The treatment, however, will make her body more female. That’s the last thing she wants, since she feels that she is male. Theodora’s situation is a mess. Can’t Advocates for Youth do a better job finding help for confused teens?
37 Site recommended to teens by SIECUS.
38 “A Girl Kisses a Girl . . . Is She Lesbian? Straight? Bi?” http://www.sexetc.org/story/glbtq/2163.
39 This organization also recommends gURL.com’s Deal With It!—containing explicit and vulgar material—to teens ages 14 and above, and to parents, Planned Parenthood’s All About Sex (mentioned earlier).
40 “Congratulations to Elizabeth Schroeder,” http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0LFL/is_2006_Summer-Fall/ai_n17215455.
41 “A Girl Kisses a Girl . . . Is She Lesbian? Straight? Bi?” http://www.sexetc.org/story/glbtq/2163.
42 Come to think of it, Pomeroy was also chairman of SIECUS’s board of directors; is urging teens to explore sexuality a requirement of that position?
43 Since 1998. See www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/slides/adolescents/slides/adolescents_4.pdf.
44 Especially racial/ethnic minority young people.
45 And many health providers.
46 Again, this indicates the reliance on condoms, which—as has been discussed—do not provide adequate “protection.”
47 “HIV infection and AIDS in adolescents: An update of the position of the Society for Adolescent Medicine” (position paper), Journal of Adolescent Health 38 (2006): 88; National Office of AIDS Policy. Youth and HIV/AIDS 2000: A New American Agenda.
48 A majority in young people of color.
49 “Communities at Risk: Youth,” www.cdcnpin.org/scripts/population/youth.asp.
50 GLB youth are more likely to have been sexually abused or victimized; this partially explains their higher risk behaviors.
51 Robert Garofalo, R. Cameron Wolf, Shari Kessel, Judith Palfrey, and Robert H. DuRant, “The Association between Health Risk Behaviors and Sexual Orientation among a School-Based Sample of Adolescents,” Pediatrics 101 (1998): 895–902; Elizabeth M. Saewyc, Linda H. Bearinger, Robert Wm. Blum, and Michael D. Resnick, “Sexual Intercourse, Abuse and Pregnancy among Adolescent Women: Does Sexual Orientation Make a Difference?” Family Planning Perspectives 31, no. 3 (May/June 1999): 127–31; Goodenow C., Netherland ], Szalacha L. “Aids related risk among adolescent males who have sex with males, females, or both: evidence from a statewide survey American Journal of Public Health, 92 (2002): 203–10; Bryan N. Cochran, MS, Angela J. Stewart, BA, Joshua A. Ginzler, Ph.D., and Ana Mari Cauce, Ph.D., “Challenges faced by homeless sexual minorities: comparison of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender homeless adolescents with their heterosexual counterparts,” American Journal of Public Health 92 (2002): 773–77; S. M. Blake, R. Ledsky, T. Lehman, C. Goodenow, R. Sawyer, and T. Hack, “Preventing sexual risk behaviors among gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents: the benefits of gay-sensitive HIV instruction in schools,” American Journal of Public Health 91 (2001): 940–46; E. M. Saewyce, C. L. Skay, L. H. Bearinger, R. W. M. Blum, and M. D. Resnick, “Sexual orientation, sexual behaviors, and pregnancy among American Indian adolescents,” Journal of Adolescent Health 23, no. 4 (1998): 238–47.
52 Robert Garofalo, R. Cameron Wolf, Shari Kessel, Judith Palfrey, and Robert H. DuRant, “The Association between Health Risk Behaviors and Sexual Orientation among a School-Based Sample of Adolescents”; Bryan N. Cochran, MS, Angela J. Stewart, BA, Joshua A. Ginzler, Ph.D., and Ana Mari Cauce, Ph.D., “Challenges faced by homeless sexual minorities: comparison of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender homeless adolescents with their heterosexual counterparts”; and S. M. Blake, R. Ledsky, T. Lehman, G. Goodnew, R. Sawyer, and T. Hack, “Preventing sexual risk behaviors among gay, lesbian, and bisexual adolescents: the benefits of gay-sensitive HIV instruction in schools.”
53 Elizabeth M. Saewyc, Linda H. Bearinger, Robert Wm. Blum, and Michael D. Resnick, “Sexual Intercourse, Abuse and Pregnancy among Adolescent Women: Does Sexual Orientation Make a Difference?”; Goodenow C., Netherland, Szalacha L. “Aids related risk among adolescent males who have sex with males, females, or both: evidence from a statewide survey”; Bryan N. Cochran, MS, Angela J. Stewart, BA, Joshua A. Ginzler, Ph.D., and Ana Mari Cauce, Ph.D., “Challenges faced by homeless sexual minorities: comparison of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender homeless adolescents with their heterosexual counterparts”; Rotheram-Borus MJ, Marelich WD, Srinivasan S. HIV risk among homosexual, bisexual, and heterosexual male and female youths,” Arch Sex Behavior28 (1999):159–77.
54 Robert Garofalo, R. Cameron Wolf, Shari Kessel, Judith Palfrey, and Robert H. DuRant, “The Association between Health Risk Behaviors and Sexual Orientation among a School-Based Sample of Adolescents”; Goodenow C., and Netherland, Szalacha L. “Aids related risk among adolescent males who have sex with males, females, or both: evidence from a statewide survey.” Note also that GLBTQ youth are twice as likely to use alcohol, three times more likely to use mar
ijuana, and eight times more likely to use crack/cocaine; http://youthresource.com/health/lives/mental.htm.
55 Duncan MacKellar et al, “Unrecognized HIV infection, Risk Behaviors, and Perceptions of Risk Among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men: Opportunities for Advancing HIV Prevention in the Third Decade of HIV/AIDS,” Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 38 no.5 (2005).
56 Elizabeth M. Saewyc, Linda H. Bearinger, Robert Wm. Blum, and Michael D. Resnick, “Sexual Intercourse, Abuse and Pregnancy among Adolescent Women: Does Sexual Orientation Make a Difference?”; Robin L, Brener ND, Donahue SF, Hack T, Hale K, and Goodenow C, “Associations between health risk behaviors and opposite-, same-, and both-sex sexual partners in representative samples of Vermont and Massachusetts high school students,” Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 156, no. 4 (2002): 349–55; Rotheram-Borus MJ, Marelich WD, and Srinivasan S., “HIV risk among homosexual, bisexual, and heterosexual male and female youths.”
57 Katherine Fethers, Caron Marks, Adrian Mindel, and Claudia S Estcourt, (2000) “Sexually Transmitted Infections and risk behaviors in women who have sex with women,” Sexually Transmitted Infections 76 (2000): 345–49.
58 “Lesbians are twice as likely as their heterosexual peers to experience unwanted pregnancy,” http://youthresource.com/health/women/index.htm.
59 Teresa M. Darragh, “Anal Cytology for Anal Cancer Screening: Is it Time Yet?” Diagnostic Cytopathology 30, no. 6 (2004).
60 “Anal Cytology for Anal Cancer Screening,” 2004.
61 “Syphilis and MSM (Men Who Have Sex with Men)—CDC Fact Sheet,” www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/STDFact-MSM&Syphilis.htm#concern.
62 Michele G. Sullivan, “Bisexual College Women at Greatest Risk for STDs,” Clinical Psychiatry News, May 2008, 55.
63 Interesting that with sex education teaching kids how common SSA and SS behavior are, only 3 percent in this large sample of women are self-described as bisexual, 1 percent as lesbian, and 1 percent as unsure.
64 Surveys of almost 40,000 people in Massachusetts on overall health status indicated poorer health was observed most often for bisexuals. Regarding mental health alone, 21 percent of straight/heterosexual, 25 percent of gay/lesbian/homosexual, and 45 percent of bisexual adults reported feeling tense or worried for more than 14 of the last 30 days. 16 percent of straight/heterosexual and gay/lesbian/homosexual and 29 percent of bisexual adults reported feeling sad or blue for more than 14 of the last 30 days. 3 percent of straight/heterosexual, 4 percent of gay/lesbian/homosexual, and 29 percent of bisexual adults reported that they seriously considered suicide in the prior 12 months. 8 percent of straight/heterosexual, 17 percent of gay/lesbian/homosexual, and 34 percent of bisexual adults reported illicit Drug use at some point in the last 30 days. See Anthony F. Jorm et al, “Sexual Orientation and Mental Health: results from a community survey of young and middle-aged adults”, British Journal of Psychiatry 180 (2002): 423–27, and http://www.mass.gov/Eeohhs2/docs/dph/health_equity/sexual_orientation_disparities_report.pdf.
You're Teaching My Child What? Page 23