by M. J. Trow
Pharnaces of Pontus 131
Pharos lighthouse 5–6, 229, 231
Pharsalus, battle of 113–14, 152, 168
Philip Arrhidaios 30–1
Philippi, battles of 157, 170
Philo of Alexandria 7
Philostratus 52
Phoenicia 183, 187
piracy 54, 84, 91, 96
plague 149, 153
Plancus, Lucius Munatius 188–9, 194, 209, 212
Plato 21, 51
Plutarch 25, 54, 64, 106, 108, 115, 120, 162, 164, 171, 173, 184, 193, 203, 211, 215, 230, 233–4
Poliorcetes, Demetrios 211
Polybius 41
polygamy 39
Pompey, Gnaeus 84, 131, 132
Pompey, Sextus 128, 131, 132, 178, 179, 186, 194
Pompey the Great (Gaius Pompeius Magnus) 33, 55–7, 64, 80, 83–5, 93, 97, 99–100, 101, 108, 113–15, 124, 164, 165
and civil war 109–12, 113–14, 131
first triumvirate 54, 85, 94–5
murder of 8, 115, 116
Pontifex Maximus 67, 82, 92, 133
Potheinos 107, 109, 116, 117, 121, 122, 150
Praenoste 10–11
priests
Egyptian 13, 21, 22, 23, 32, 37, 43, 107–8, 127
Roman 165
Proculeius, Caius 202
professionalization of the soldier 77
Propertius, Sextus 210
Ptah 21, 22, 38, 126
Ptolemaia festival 37
Ptolemies 5, 10, 12, 13, 24, 33–4, 35–47, 48–9, 53
co-rulership 36, 39, 42, 43, 56, 57, 98, 102, 120, 124, 150, 184, 187
incestuous relationships 9, 23, 36, 120
internecine murders 35–6, 39, 43, 44, 46, 57, 97, 175
Ptolemy I Soter 4, 5, 6, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 53
Ptolemy II 36, 37, 39, 77
Ptolemy III 38, 39, 41
Ptolemy IV Philopator 39–40
Ptolemy V Epiphanes 38, 40, 41–2
Ptolemy VI Philomater 42, 43
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator 35, 43
Ptolemy VIII Physcon 35, 43–4, 53
Ptolemy IX Soter Lathyrus 44, 45, 46
Ptolemy X Alexander 44, 45–6
Ptolemy XI Alexander II 46
Ptolemy XII Auletes 46–7, 48, 51, 54, 55, 56, 57, 82, 85, 95–8, 101–2, 107, 120, 127
death of 101–2
Neo Dionysus 8–9, 47
visits Rome 55–6, 96–7
will 102
Ptolemy XIII 6, 102, 105, 107, 109, 114–15, 117–18, 121, 123, 150, 151, 174, 175
Ptolemy XIV 121, 124, 129, 130, 135, 146, 149–50
Ptolemy XV Caesar see Caesarion
Ptolemy Apion 44, 46
Ptolemy Memphites 43, 44
Ptolemy Philadelphus 184, 187, 209
Punic Wars 72–4
pyramids 10, 15
Ra 20, 23, 25, 28, 104
Rabirius Postumus, Gaius 95–6, 98
Rains, Claude 224
Rakhotis 4
Regulus, Marcus Atilius 72
religion
Egyptian 18–25, 37
Graceo-Egyptian cults 8, 22, 24, 25, 30, 41
Roman 66
see also bull cult; deities
Renaissance 214–15
rhetoric 53, 91, 159
Rhodes 33, 55, 96
Rhodon (tutor to Caesarion) 213
Robson, Flora 224–5
Roman army 69, 71, 75–7
mutinies 167, 168–9
Roman deities 19, 20, 66
Roman roads 71–2
Romanov dynasty 104–5, 221
Rome
civil wars 79–80, 90, 92–3, 109–12, 131–2, 151–7, 152, 158–9, 167–8, 169–70, 177, 178, 189, 191–201
Egypt bequeathed to 43, 95
Egypt–Rome relationship, start of 38
‘Egyptomania’ 4, 208
first incursion into Graceo-Egyptian affairs 42, 43
founding and early history 61–5
kingship 63, 64–5, 81, 212
military power 70–7
republican government 13, 65–8, 74
social structure 63–4
territorial expansion 64, 74
Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare) 216
Romulus and Remus 61, 62
Rosetta Stone 38, 41
Rubicon 109, 110, 112
Rudin, Scott 227
Rufus, Marcus Caelius 112–13
Rullus, Publius Servilius 95
Sabines 63
Sakkara 22
Samnites 70, 71
Sardinia 179
Satricia 71
Schiff, Stacy 11, 119, 134, 136, 209, 226–7, 237
scholarship, Egyptian 38, 53, 148
Scipio Africanus 73–4
Scribonia (wife of Octavian) 179
Seleucia, Seleucids 39, 40, 41, 42, 182
Seleucus of Babylonia 31, 36
senate 67–8, 132–3, 160, 164, 192, 193
Serapeum, Memphis 33
Serapeum, Sakkara 22
Serapion, Alexandria 8
Serapion (governor of Cyprus) 151, 153, 175
Serapis 22, 30
Sertorius 82, 84
Shakespeare, William 63, 106, 164, 171, 172, 215, 216–19
Shaw, George Bernard 220–1, 224
Sicily 72, 112, 178, 179
slavery 14, 64, 68
see also Spartacus
snake legend 204, 210, 219
Sobek 38, 126
Soderbergh, Steven 227
Sosigenes 52
Sosius, Gaius 191
Sparta 51
Spartacus 40, 64, 70, 71, 82–3, 99, 153
Strabo 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9–10, 11–12, 72
Suetonius Tranquillis, Gaius G. 211
Sulla, Lucius Cornelius 79–81, 82, 83, 90, 91
Syria 39, 84, 153, 163, 175, 177, 182, 183, 187
Taposiris Magna 230
Tarquinius Priscus 64
Tarquinius, Sextus 65
Tarquinius Superbus 64–5, 78
Tarsus 171, 172–3
Taweret 49
taxation
Egyptian 14, 16, 37, 107, 149, 189
Roman 179, 192
Taylor, Elizabeth 225, 226
Teutoberg Forest, massacre in the 71
Thapsus, battle of 132, 152
Thea (daughter of Cleopatra II) 44
Thebes 42, 127
Theodotus 52, 107, 116
Thoth 126
Thrace 193
Tiber, River 62
Tigranes of Armenia 84
Timonium, Alexandria 7–8, 199
Torone 195
trade 8, 16, 38, 66, 72, 183
triumphs 71, 74–5, 83, 85, 94, 133–4, 209
triumvirate
first 54, 85, 94–5
second 151, 155–6, 164, 169, 170, 177–9
Trojan War 19, 61, 62
Tullus Hostilius 63
Upper Egypt 12, 130
Valerius Corvus, Marcus 71
Varro, Gaius Terentius 73
Varus, Publius Attius 112
Varus, Publius Quinctilius 71
Vegetius 75–6
Ventidius, Publius 182
Vercingetorix 75, 134
Vespasian, Emperor 243
Vestal Virgins 36, 67–8, 139, 165, 191
Victoria, Queen 234
Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro) 210
Volscians 63, 71
Volumnia (courtesan) 131, 166–7
Wallis, Ellen 220
war-galleys 196–7
weapons 76, 160
Weigall, Arthur 236
Wilcoxon, Henry 223, 224
William, Warren 223
women
education 17, 52–3
Egyptian 15, 17, 49–50
Greek 51
pregnancy and childbirth 49–51
Roman 36–7, 67, 68, 209
Younge, Elizabeth 219
Zama, battle of 73–4
Zeus 5, 20, 66