protocol and ceremony, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
wedding and, 1
see also public appearances of E.
Prussia, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Crimean War and, 1
peace negotiations with (1866), 1, 2
Peace of Prague and, 1
see also Germany
Przibram, Ludwig von, 1
Radetzky, Field Marshal Count Joseph, 1
Rauscher, Ritter von (Archbishop of Vienna; Cardinal Othmar), 1
Rechberg, Count Louis, 1
Redlich, Joseph, 1
Redwitz, Marie von, 1
Reichstadt, Duke of, 1
renunciation, act of, 1
Renz, Ernst, 1
republican form of government, 1, 2, 3
Revolution(aries) of 1848, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Ringstrasse, 1, 2
Rónay, Bishop Hyazinth, 1
Rothschild, Baron Ferdinand, 1
Rothschild, Baroness Julie, 1
Rothschild family, 1, 2, 3
Rüdiger, Bishop Franz Joseph, 1
Rudolf, Crown Prince, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
Andrássy and, 1, 2, 3, 4
antispiritualist pamphlet by, 1
on Austrian nobility, 1, 2
Bay Middleton and, 1
E.’s relationship with, 1, 2, 3
spiritual communications, efforts to establish, 1
suicide of Rudolf, 1
education and training of, 1, 2, 3
engaged to Princess Stephanie, 1
in England (1878), 1
foreign policy and, 1
Franz Joseph and, 1, 2, 3
death of Rudolf, 1
Gisela’s wedding and, 1
Hungarian politics and, 1
at Kremsier conference (1885), 1
Ludwig II and, 1, 2, 3, 4
Marie Valerie and, 1, 2, 3
marriage to Stephanie, 1, 2
E.’s Merano sojourn and (1870–1871), 1
E.’s monkey and, 1
personal characteristics of, 1, 2
political memoranda and pamphlets of, 1
suicide of, 1, 2
Rudolfina Ball (1874), 1
running the gauntlet, 1
Russia, 1, 2
Crimean War and, 1, 2, 3, 4
Rustimo, 1, 2
Salm, Count Hugo, 1
salon at Viennese court, 1, 2
Sappho’s Cliff, 1
Sardinia, 1, 2
Sassetôt castle (Normandy), 1
Saxony, 1, 2, 3, 4
Schleswig-Holstein, 1, 2
war in (1864), 1
Schönerer, Georg Ritter von, 1
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 1, 2
Schratt, Katharina, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Marie Valerie and, 1, 2, 3
Schulz, Paul, 1
Schwager (painter), 1
Schwarzenberg, Prince Edmund, 1
Seeburger, Johann, 1, 2, 3, 4
sexuality, 1, 2, 3
Shakespeare, William
Hamlet, 1
A Midsummer Night’s Dream, 1, 2, 3
Skoda, Josef, 1, 2, 3
Slavs, 1, 2
smoking, 1
Solferino, Battle of, 1, 2
Sophie, Archduchess (Franz Joseph’s mother), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23
Andrássy and, 1
authority of, 1
on beauty of E., 1
Charlotte of Belgium and, 1
Countess Esterházy and, 1
death of, 1
E.’s relationship with, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
conflicts, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
death of Sophie, 1
engagement of Elisabeth and Franz Joseph and, 1, 2, 3, 4
gifts for Elisabeth, 1, 2
E.’s Madeira stay, 1, 2
nurseries for E.’s children, 1, 2
political issues and, 1
during E.’s pregnancy, 1
wedding, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
on fall of Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, 1
family life and, 1
farewell letter of, 1
Ferdinand Max (Maximilian) and, 1, 2
Gisela (granddaughter) and, 1, 2
Hungary (Hungarians) and, 1, 2, 3
marriage of Archduke Franz Karl and, 1
marriage plans for Franz Joseph, 1, 2
Crown Prince Rudolf and, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Sophie (granddaughter) and, 1, 2, 3, 4
Sophie, Crown Princess of Greece, 1
Sophie (E.’s daughter), 1, 2, 3
Sophie (E.’s sister), 1, 2
engagement to Ludwig II, 1
Sophie Esterházy, Countess, see Esterházy, Countess Sophie
Spain, 1
spiritualism, 1, 2, 3, 4
Stephanie, Archduchess (Stephanie of Belgium), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Strauss, Johann, 1, 2
Suess, Eduard, 1
Suttner, Bertha von, 1, 2
Sweden, 1
Switzerland, 1, 2, 3
Sylva, Carmen. See Elisabeth, Queen of Romania
Széchenyi, Stefan, 1
Szeps, Moritz, 1, 2, 3, 4
Sztaray, Countess Irma, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Taaffe, Count Eduard, 1
Tageblatt (Berlin), 1, 2
teeth, E.’s, 1, 2
Tegetthoff, Adm. Wilhelm von, 1
Therese, Archduchess, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Throckmorton, Miss, 1
Tisza, Count Koloman, 1
Titania, Queen of the Fairies, 1, 2, 3
Trani, Countess Mathilde, see Mathilde
Transleithania, 1
traveling entourage of E., 1, 2
Trieste, 1882 trip to, 1
trousseau, Elisabeth’s, 1, 2
Tuscany, 1, 2, 3
Two Sicilies, Kingdom of the, 1
Ultramontanes, 1
Unger, William, 1
Unverfälschte deutsche Worte (newspaper). 1
Valerie, Archduchess, see Marie Valerie (E.’s daughter)
Venetia, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Venice
1856visit to, 1
1861sojourn in, 1
Vetsera, Baroness Helene, 1, 2
Vetsera, Mary, 1, 2
Victor Emmanuel, King of Italy, 1
Victoria, Prussian Crown Princess, 1, 2, 3, 4
Victoria, Queen of Great Britain, 1, 2. 3, 4, 5
E.’s 1874 visit with, 1, 2
E.’s 1876 visit to England and, 1, 2
E.’s visits to Ireland and, 1, 2
Vienna, expansion of, 1, 2, 3, 4
Vienna Opera, 1
Vienna World Exhibition (1873), 1
Viennese court, 1, 2, 3
E.’s avoidance and rejection of, 1
E.’s beauty and, 1
E.’s dislike of, 1, 2
family life in, 1, 2, 3
Marie Festetics on, 1
meals, 1
salon at, 1, 2
see also balls
Villefranche, Treaty of, 1
Wagner, Cosima, 1
Wallersee, Baroness Marie, see Larisch, Marie
wardrobe, see clothes, E.’s
Warsberg, Alexander von, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Weckbecker, Hugo von, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
wedding of E. and Franz Joseph, 1, 2, 3
balls after, 1, 2
celebration in the Prater after, 1
course of study before, 1, 2
events preceding, 1
morning after, 1
night of, 1
Welden, Baroness Karoline von, 1
Widerhofer, Hermann, 1, 2, 3
Wiener Zeitung, 1, 2, 3
Wight, Isle of, 1874 trip to, 1
Wilczek, Count Hans, 1
Wilhelm, Archduke, 1
Wilhelm I, Emperor of Germany (Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Wilhelm II, Emperor of Germany, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Windisch-Graetz,
Mathilde, 1, 2
Winterhalter, Franz, 1
Wittelsbach family, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Zehkorn, 1
Zichy, Count Edmund, 1
ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
Austrian National Library, Portrait Collection: 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 33a, 33c, 33d, 33e, 33f, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 43, 45, 46, 47
Family, Court, and State Archive of Vienna: 44
Gabrielle, Countess Seefried: 14, 15, 22, 24
Historical Museum of the City of Vienna: 49
Imperial Suite in the Royal Castle of Vienna: 16, 17, 28
Manuscript Research Institute of Vienna: 12, 33b
Museum of the City of Munich: 2, 3, 4, 6
Nischer-Falkenhof: 8
Private Collection: 32, 40, 41, 42
Sisi’s Family Album (Dortmund: Werner Bokelberg, 1980), Pocketbooks for Bibliophiles, No. 199: 30
Szechényi Library, Budapest: 48
István von Szöts: 29
1
Bust of Elisabeth as a twelve-year-old girl
2
Archduke Max, Elisabeth’s father.
3
Archduchess Ludovika, Elisabeth’s mother
4
Ludovika with her children Helene, Ludwig and the newborn Elisabeth.
5
The bridal couple
6
Archduke Max riding in his private circus
7
Franz Joseph showing Vienna to his bride
8
Empress Sophie, mother of the Kaiser.
9
Count Gyula Andrássy
10
The Imperial Family in 1856. From the left: Sophie with Gisela, Franz Carl, Sisi, Franz Joseph with Sophie
11
By 1860, after six years of marriage, Elisabeth was both unwell and deeply unhappy, as this sequence of photographs by Angerer of Vienna makes clear.
12
13
14
15
After a long separation, Elisabeth saw her two children Gisela and Rudolf again in Venice. Next to Sisi is Rudolf’s governess Karoline von Welden.
16, 17
Two of the trio of famous Winterhalter portraits of the Empress, 1864.
18
Elisabeth’s youngest child, Marie Valerie, with the Empress’s favorite niece, Baroness Marie Wallersee, the future Countess Larisch.
19
Crown Prince Rudolf in the 1870s
20
Princesses Gisela and Marie Valerie in 1885
21
In the mid 1860s, at the height of her beauty, Sisi enjoyed being photographed—but not with her children or her husband. She would pose alone, or with her dogs.
22
23
24
25
One of the very rare photographs of Sisi smiling (Photograph by Albert of Munich)
26
Franz Joseph and Sisi as King and Queen of Hungary, with Gisela and Rudolf in Hungarian costume. In the background, Gödöllö Castle near Budapest, a gift from the people of Hungary.
27
Although there is no evidence that Sisi ever permitted herself to be photographed with her husband, she did pose with her beloved brother Duke Karl Theodor.
28
Sisi as Queen of Hungary
29
Sisi put great emphasis on a truly Hungarian court. Seated from the left: Franz Joseph with Gyula Andrássy, the Hungarian nurse with Marie Valerie, Sisi, and Rudolf. Standing from the left: Sisi’s dear friend and reader, Ida Ferenczy; Gisela; and lady-in-waiting Countess Marie Festetics with Sisi’s chamberlain, Baron Franz Nopcsa.
30
Sisi’s “cavaliers”; from the left: Imre Hunyady, Rudolf Liechtenstein, and László Szápáry.
31
Count Nikolaus Esterházy, Sisi’s riding friend,
32
Esterházy’s rival, Bay Middleton
33a
Elisabeth’s passion for riding (she was one of the finest horsewomen of her day) was a favorite subject of the artists and photographers who recorded her life.
As a young bride in Bad Ischl with her husband and his adjutant Graf Grünne
33b
1870 (Photograph by Angerer of Vienna)
33c
Elisabeth built a riding school at Gödöllö in Hungary, where she trained with the famous circus riders of the time. (Painting by Wilhelm Richter, 1876)
33d
Hunting with the Emperor (Painting by Julius von Blaas, 1860)
33e
A cartoon of Sisi being piloted by Captain Bay Middleton when hunting in the English shires with the Earl of Harrington’s Hounds (Reproduced by gracious permission of Her Majesty the Queen)
33f
Even when hunting, Sisi shielded herself from curious bystanders.
34
During the World Exhibition in Vienna in 1873, the Imperial couple were hosts to the Shah of Persia (seated right). Behind him are the Russian foreign minister Count Gorchakov, the German Crown Prince, Bismarck, and Gyula Andrássy, the foreign minister. Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany stands between the Emperor and Crown Prince Rudolf.
35
A Silver Wedding portrait, with Crown Prince Rudolf
36
Gisela’s engagement to Prince Leopold of Bavaria.
37
Rudolf’s engagement to Princess Stephanie of Belgium; second from King Leopold I of the Belgians; far his wife, Queen Marie Henriette
38
The Imperial Family in 1888, with Rudolf’s only child, Elisabeth (Photographs by Erssi)
39
This idyllic picture of Imperial life at Laxenburg Castle is deceiving. There was almost no contact whatever between father, mother, son, or daughter-in-law.
40
As Elisabeth grew older and refused to be photographed, photographers would touch up prints of her from earlier years, in order to suggest more recent sittings.
41
An imaginary portrait by Gyula Benczur, circa 1898
42
In Sisi’s hands, one of her books of poetry
43
Sisi was often depicted as Mater Dolorosa in the 1890s.
44
Katharina Schratt posing as “Lady Truth”
45
Persistent photographers pursued Sisi on her increasingly lonely journeys. With her lady-in-waiting Irma Sztaray in Territet.
46
Walking with former Empress Eugenie in Mentone
47
The dagger used by the anarchist Luccheni to assassinate Elisabeth on the shore of Lake Geneva on September 10, 1898
48
Elisabeth’s death mask
49
Franz Joseph outlived his beloved wife by eighteen years. Her portrait hung over his desk, both in the Hofburg in Vienna and at Schönbrunn. (Painting by Franz von Matsch)
Copyright
This ebook edition first published in 2012
by Faber and Faber Ltd
Bloomsbury House
74–77 Great Russell Street
London WC1B 3DA
All rights reserved
German © Amaltha Signum Verlag Gmbh, Wien, 1981
Translation © Ruth Hein, 1986
The right of Brigitte Hamann to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with Section 77 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
This ebook is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorised distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and publisher’s rights, and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly
B008AITH44 EBOK Page 56