Julius Exclusis e Coelis, 3.1, 3.2
Julius II, Pope, 2.1, 2.2, 6.1
ego and
indulgences and
Michelangelo and, 2.1, 3.1
tomb of
Karlstadt, Andreas von
Kempis, Thomas à, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
Kennedy, John F., epi.1, 4.1, 4.2n
Kierkegaard, Søren, 4.1, col4.1
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 4.1n, 4.2
King, Martin Luther, Sr., epi.1, 4.1, 4.2n
King James Version (KJV), itr.1, 3.1n, 5.1, 5.2
King Lear (Shakespeare), 4.1, 6.1, 7.1
Knight, Death, and the Devil (Dürer), 5.1, 5.2n
Tillich’s explanation
Knox, John, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2
Koch brothers
Koerner, Joseph Leo
Korea, itr.1, itr.2n
Langland, William, n
Lascaris, Ianos, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
Las Casas, Bartolomé de, 1.1, 1.2
Last Judgment, The (Michelangelo)
Last Supper, The (Leonardo)
Law, Cardinal Bernard, n
Leda and the Swan (Raphael)
Leonardo da Vinci, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2
apprentice to Verrocchio, 2.1, 2.2
death of
ego and
famous quotation
interest in faces
mother of, Caterina
notebook quotation
as opposite of Michelangelo
paintings, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3n
as Platonist
sketches and drawings, 2.1, 2.2
sodomy complaint against, 2.1, 2.2
as ultimate Renaissance man
Vitruvian Man, 2.1, 5.1
See also specific works
Leo X, Pope, 3.1, 3.2
“Lepanto” (Chesterton), n
Letronne, Jean Antoine, n
Life of Jesus (Ludolph), 5.1, 5.2n
Lippi, Filippino, 2.1, 2.2
Lisbon, Portugal, 1.1, 5.1
Literacy, itr.1, 1.1, 3.1
alphabet and, itr.1, 7.1
biblical
criticism of clergy and
peasant rebellions and
printing press and spread of
of women, itr.1, 7.1
Literature
Boccaccio and the Decameron, itr.1, 5.1
Canterbury Tales
classical authors, 1.1
condemning church over state in, n
Dante and, itr.1, 5.1
Don Quixote as first modern novel
Erasmus as first bestselling author
Gutenberg’s printing press and
humor
King James Version as
Luther as inventor of literary German
Luther as poet
More’s Utopia, 1.1, 5.1, 5.2n
novelle
Petrarch and
poetry, itr.1, 1.1n
Rabelais’s Gargantua
rediscovery of classical works, itr.1, 1.1
rhyme in
See also Donne, John; Shakespeare, William
Logical positivism
Lollards, itr.1, 4.1
Lombard, Peter
Louis XIII, King of France
Loyola, Ignatius, 1.1n, 1.2, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1
Basque family of, 5.1, 5.2n
cave experience
in France
injuries at Pamplona
Paris years
religious conversion of
Spiritual Exercises
visions of
Lucian, n
Ludi Florales (Floral Sports), 2.1n, 2.2
Ludolph of Saxony, 5.1, 5.2n
Luke
15:11–32
18:10–14
parable of the Prodigal Son
Lumière brothers
Luther, Martin, epi.1, 3.1, 5.1, col4.1
Aristotelians vs.
in Augsburg, 4.1, 4.2
as Augustinian monk, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
Bible of, 5.1, 6.1
biblical studies of, 3.1, 3.2
burning of works of
Charles V and, 4.1, 5.1
Christian traditions and, 4.1, 4.2n, 6.1
courage of, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2
on death
Dürer connected to, 5.1, 5.2
ecclesiastical corruption and
Eck and, 4.1, 4.2
ego and
epiphany of
Erasmus and, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2
“excessive anality,”
existential terror of
as “fex hominum,” 3.1, 3.2n
German nobility and, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3
God’s forgiveness and
on Hell, Satan, damnation, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2
on Henry VIII’s marriages
humor of
hymns
indulgences and, 3.1, 4.1
infant baptism and
justification by faith, itr.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1
in Leipzig, debate with Eck
letter to Albrecht of Brandenburg
on mendicant orders
Ninety-Five Theses, itr.1, 3.1, 4.1
papal bull against
Pauline thought and, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1
piety and obsessions of
portrayal of
on predestination
Psalms and, 4.1, 4.2n
psychology of
public appearances
Reformation and
on salvation
scripture as basis of doctrine
signature positions of
spelling of name
synoptic gospels and, 4.1, 4.2n
traditional Catholic beliefs and
translation choices, 5.1, 5.2n
trial (Diet of Worms), 4.1, 5.1
visit to Rome (1511), itr.1, 4.1, 4.2n
in Wartburg castle, 5.1, 6.1
works written by
writing in the vernacular
Wyclif’s influence
Zwickau Prophets and
See also specific writings
Lutheranism, n
the Eucharist and
in Europe
factions and other interpretations
Formula of Concord
rhyme of, 6.1, 6.2n
in Scandinavia
summer camp song
MacCulloch, Diarmaid
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 1.1, 7.1
Madonna dei Pellegrini (Caravaggio)
Madonna del Parto, La (Piero)
Madonna of Mercy (Ghirlandaio), 2.1n
Madonna of the Pomegranate (Botticelli), 2.1, 2.2
Madonna of the Steps (Michelangelo)
Magpie on the Gallows, The (Bruegel)
Mannerism
Mantel, Hilary
Mapplethorpe, Robert
Maps/mapmaking, 1.1, 1.2
Marie Antoinette of France
Marius, Richard, 4.1, 4.2
Martin IV, Pope
Martin V, Pope
Marxists
Mary, Queen of England
Mary Magdalene (Donatello)
Mary Queen of Scots
Masaccio, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
adult nudes in work of
death of
few surviving works, 2.1, 2.2
likeness of
See also specific paintings
Masolino da Panicale, 2.1, 2.2
Matisse, Henri, n
Matthew
5:9
16:18–19
25:31–40
26:27–28
Sermon on the Mount (5–7)
Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor, 1.1n, 4.1, 5.1
McCarthy, Eileen
McKinley, William, n
Medici, Catherine de’, 6.1, 6.2
Medici, Giuliano de’, 1.1, 1.2
Medici, Lorenzo de’, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
as art patron, 1.1, 2.1
as Christian
death and confession, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1
ego and
governance of Florence and
> “Le Temps Revient” motto, 1.1, 1.2n
manuscripts brought to Florence
Platonic Academy
Savonarola and, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
scriptorium of
sonnets of
Meissner, W. W., 5.1, 5.2
Melanchthon, Philipp
Méliès, Georges
Mennonites
Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare)
Merton, Thomas
Michael VIII Paleologos
Michelangelo, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, col3.1
as apprentice to Ghirlandaio
architecture of, 2.1, 2.2
bas-reliefs
Clement VII and
ego and
Julius II and, 2.1, 3.1
Lorenzo de’ Medici as patron
nudity in work, 2.1, 2.2n, 2.3, 2.4
as opposite of Leonardo
paintings by
as Platonist, 2.1, 3.1
poem by
sculpture by, 2.1, 2.2
Sistine Chapel, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1
See also David; Pietà; specific works
Middle Ages, 5.1
church constructions and beliefs
ending of, 1.1, 1.2
piety of
portraiture lacking in
Milan
Miller, Arthur
Missionaries
Mona Lisa (Leonardo), 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Montaigne, Michel de, 7.1, 7.2
Moore, Muriel, col4.1, col4.2
More, Sir Thomas, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2n, 7.1, 7.2
canonization of
Erasmus and, 3.1, 3.2, 5.1, 5.2n
execution of, 5.1, 5.2
Henry VIII and, 3.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3n
as humanist, 5.1, 5.2
“a man for all seasons,” 5.1, 5.2n
objections to Tyndale’s Bible
persecution of Tyndale, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
See also Utopia
Moriae Encomium (Erasmus)
Morison, Samuel Eliot, n
Moses (Michelangelo)
“Musée des Beaux Arts” (Auden)
Music
Mysteries of the Middle Ages (Cahill), itr.1n, 4.1, 5.1n, 5.2n, 6.1n
Name changing, custom of, 4.1, 4.2n
Natural philosophy
Nature, itr.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 5.1
Nature of Technology, The (Arthur), itr.1n
Nemesis (Dürer), 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
Neoplatonism, 2.1, 5.1
New World
America as pre-lapsarian Eden
Columbus lands in
cosmology and
European conquest
indigenous peoples of, 1.1, 6.1
Jesuits in
queries provoked by, 1.1, 1.2
rebirth of science and
term enters common speech
Nietzsche, Friedrich
1984 (Orwell)
Nominalists
Novum Testamentum Omne (Erasmus), 3.1, 3.2n
O’Connor, Cardinal John, n
Oldcastle, Sir John
Olmedo, Sebastián de
O’Malley, Cardinal Seán, n
Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, n
On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church (Luther)
On the Papacy in Rome, Against the Famous Romanist at Leipzig (Luther)
Orsini, Clarice
Orwell, George
Ottoman Turks, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3n
Ozment, Steven, n
Palladio, Andrea
Pamplona
Papacy/papal office
corruption and, itr.1, 3.1, 6.1
crusades against the Turks, 1.1, 1.2, 4.1
dominated by France
Donation of Constantine and
Exsurge Domine
extreme monarchial
fear of Conciliarism, 4.1, 6.1
indulgences and, itr.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 4.1
inquisitions and
interdictions by, 1.1, 1.2n, 4.1n
Jesus and papal primacy, 4.1, 4.2
Luther’s Babylonica and
nationalism as threat to
nepotism and
papal bulls
papal infallibility
Royal Third, n
secular princes vs., 4.1, 4.2
transubstantiation and
universal, hopes for
warrior stance toward heretics
See also specific popes
Pater, Walter, 2.1, 2.2, col3.1
Paul, Saint, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3
Paul III, Pope, 2.1, 6.1, 6.2
Paul IV, Pope, 2.1
Paul VI, Pope, n
Peasant Couple Dancing (Dürer), 5.1, 5.2
Peasants’ War
1 Peter 2:5, itr.1, 3.1n
Peter III of Aragon (Peter I of Sicily)
Peter the Apostle, Saint, 2.1, 4.1
Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca), 1.1, 1.2
Philip II, King of France
Philip II, King of Spain, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3
Philip IV, King of France
Philippines, n
Philip the Handsome, Archduke of Burgundy, 1.1n, 4.1
Phillips, Henry
Philologists
Philo of Alexandria, n
Philosophy, fm1.1, 1.1, 1.2n, 6.1
scholasticism, 1.1n, 1.2
thesis statement and, 1.1, 3.1
See also Aristotle; Humanism; Plato; specific isms
Piazza Navona, Rome (by Bernini)
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni, 1.1, 1.2
Piero della Francesca, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
architectural ideas
death of
“passion for solidity,”
See also Madonna del Parto, La; Resurrection
Pietà (Michelangelo)
Pius V, Pope
Pius XII, Pope
Plato, fm1.1, fm1.2, fm1.3, fm1.4, fm1.5, 2.1, 2.2
The Republic, 5.1, 5.2n
the soul and, fm1.1, 1.1n
Platonists, fm1.1, fm1.2n, fm1.3, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1
Augustinian, itr.1, 1.1
Poliziano, Agnolo, 1.1, 1.2
Pollaiuolo, Antonio and Piero
Polo, Marco
Pope John XXIII (Cahill)
Portugal, 1.1n, 1.2, 1.3n, 6.1
Prester John, n
Primavera (Botticelli), 2.1, 2.2n
Prince, The (Machiavelli)
Printing, itr.1, itr.2n
culture of personality and
in Italy
literacy and
Luther’s Bible and
Luther’s Theses and
modern typefaces and
Prodigal Son, The (Dürer), 5.1, 5.2
Protestantism, itr.1, 5.1, 6.1
as anti-Medici
Calvin and church structure
ecclesiastical discipline and
Elizabeth I and
French massacre of Protestants
Luther’s Address and
sola scriptura
spread of, 6.1, 6.2
See also Lutheranism
Psalms
19
74
Purgatory, 3.1, 3.2n, 3.3
Puritans, 5.1, 6.1
Pythagoras
Quakers
Rabelais, François, 5.1, 6.1
books of burned
children of, 5.1, 5.2n
connection to Luther
last will and testament
last words
life and death of
utopia of
See also Gargantua
Rabelais, Jacques, n
Raising of the Son of Theophilus and Saint Peter on His Throne (Masaccio)
Rape of Lucrece, The (Shakespeare)
Raphael, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
Ravaillac
Realism, fm1.1, fm1.2, itr.1, 5.1
“new,” 1.1, 3.1
Reformation, fm1.1, fm1.2, itr.1, 1.1, col4.1
art and, 2.1, col3.1, 5.1n
Calvinism
Cranach and, n
in England, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2
Erasmus’s New Testament and
factions and other interpretations, 6.1
Heidelberg Catechism
Hus foretells
justification by faith
Knight, Death, and the Devil and
Luther and, itr.1, itr.2, 3.1, 4.1, 6.1 (see also Luther, Martin)
Lutheran states of Europe
Luther’s Address and
northern Europeans, collective ego of and
papal indulgences and, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1
personal revelation and
power shift of
road to
Schwärmer (nut cases), 6.1, 6.2
Scottish Presbyterianism
scripture as basis of doctrine, 4.1, 5.1
Second Helvetic Confession
Wyclif and
Zwingli and
Reformation Sunday
Rembrant van Rijn, 2.1, 7.1
self-portraits, 5.1, 7.1
See also Return of the Prodigal Son
Renaissance, fm1.1, fm1.2, col4.1
Black Death and early decades of
classical languages and Hebrew in
classical writings rediscovered, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3
classicism in, n
ego (self) and, col3.1, col3.2
ending of
female form in art and
humanism and
idealism
Italian vs. European
northern (German)
in northern Italy
nudity in art of
Petrarch and
pleasure in learning and
sense of self (ego) and
transition into
Vitruvian Man as icon for
See also Art; Florence; Humanism; Literature; specific artists
Republic, The (Plato), 5.1, 5.2n
Resurrection (Piero)
Return of the Prodigal Son (Rembrandt)
Revelation of John the Divine (Apokalypsis Joannou), 5.1, 5.2n, 5.3, 5.4n
Dürer’s woodcuts for
Rhinoceros (Dürer)
Rhyme
French poets’ use of
on magpies
Wat Tyler’s Rebellion and, itr.1, itr.2
Richard II, King of England, itr.1, itr.2
Richard of Wallingford
Robertson, Pat, n
Robinson, Marilynne
Roman Catholic Church
art in, after the Reformation
Boccaccio’s vilification, itr.1, itr.2
as Communion of Saints
contemporary
corruption and hypocrisy in, itr.1, 3.1, 4.1
Counter-Reformation in, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, col3.1n, 6.1
defense of
ending of the Renaissance and
English church, 6.1, 6.2n
false reform, 4.1, 4.2n
as first worldwide religion, 6.1, 6.2
heresy and heretics
Holy Roman Emperors and
homosexuality and
Index of Forbidden Books
inquisitions and
interdict, n
Latin as sacred language, 6.1, 6.2n
“lax Catholic,” n
longevity of
Heretics and Heroes Page 37